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Preparation of Catalysts: The catalysts were prepared by a modified sol-gel method. The following precursors, Cu(N03) 2·3H2O, Fe(NO3)3· 9H2O, La(NO3)3·6H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, and Pd(NO 3)2·H2O, were dissolved in distilled H2O and mixed with ethylene glycol and nitric acid. The molar ratio was M/H2O/ethylene glycol/HNO3, 1:40:20:4 M as the sum of metal ions, The solutions were dried and calcined in air for 12 h at 80°C, for 60 h at 105°C and for 5 h at 400°C with a heating rate of 6°C/h each. After calcination the powders were ground and sieved
-
3 = 1:40:20:4 (M as the sum of metal ions). The solutions were dried and calcined in air for 12 h at 80°C, for 60 h at 105°C and for 5 h at 400°C with a heating rate of 6°C/h each. After calcination the powders were ground and sieved.
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Sieg, S.3
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36
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35349007123
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General Procedure for Suzuki Couplings in EtOH-Toluene: To a two-phase system of toluene (4 mL, EtOH (1.3 mL) and 2 M K2CO 3 (2 mL, aryl halide (1.0 mmol, boronic acid (1.1 mmol) and catalyst (for mol% of Pd see Table 1) were added and the mixture was heated to reflux for the specified time. After cooling to r.t, H2O was added and the aqueous layer was extracted with Et2O (3 x, After drying (Na2SO4) and evaporation of the solvent, the crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes-EtOAc, 4-Benzyloxy-4′-methoxybiphenyl (3, According to this general procedure 3 was obtained from 4-bromoanisole (187 mg) and 4- benzyloxyphenylboronic acid (251 mg) as a white solid; mp 170°C. 1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3, δ, 7.45 (m, 6 H, 7.40 (dd, J, 7.3, 7.7 Hz, 2 H, 7.34 (t, J, 7.3 Hz, 1 H, 7.04 (d, J, 8.7 Hz, 2 H, 6.96 d, J
-
2: 290.1307; found: 290.1340.
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-
-
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39
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0242291925
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(b) Arcadi, A.; Cerichelli, G.; Chiarini, M.; Correa, M.; Zorzan, D. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 4080.
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Arcadi, A.1
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Correa, M.4
Zorzan, D.5
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41
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35348985068
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General Procedure for Suzuki-Couplings in Water under Microwave Irradiation: In a glass tube were placed aryl halide (1 mmol, phenylboronic acid (183 mg, 1.5 mmol, catalyst (1.2 mol, 2 M K2CO3 (2 mL) and H2O (4 mL, The sealed vessel was placed into the microwave. The mixture was irradiated in a sealed tube at 150°C (initial power 100 W, After 60 min the reaction was cooled to r.t. Then H2O was added and the aqueous layer was extracted with Et2O (3 x, After drying (Na2SO4) and evaporation of the solvent, the crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes-EtOAc, 4-Nitrobiphenyl (8a, yellow solid; mp 112°C 1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3, δ, 8.30 (d, J, 8.9 Hz, 2 H, 7.74 (d, J, 8.9 Hz, 2 H, 7.63 (d, J, 7.1 Hz, 2 H, 7.50 (dd, J, 7.1, 7.5 Hz, 2 H, 7.45 (t, J, 7.5 Hz, 1 H, 13C NMR 500
-
3): δ =191.8, 147.1, 139.6, 135.1, 130.2, 128.9, 128.4, 127.6, 127.3.
-
-
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42
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0742313889
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Plaixats, R.3
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43
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35348939274
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139La. Calibration was carried out with external standards of 10 ppt, 100 ppt, 1 ppb, 2 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb and 100 ppb palladium and lanthanum. The freshly irradiated (100 W, 150°C, 1 h) and filtered solution of catalyst C was diluted to 1:20, 1:30, 1:100 and 1:200. A 3% nitric acid solution was added to all samples. The average of the Pd and La concentrations in solution was calculated from these acquired concentrations.
-
139La. Calibration was carried out with external standards of 10 ppt, 100 ppt, 1 ppb, 2 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb and 100 ppb palladium and lanthanum. The freshly irradiated (100 W, 150°C, 1 h) and filtered solution of catalyst C was diluted to 1:20, 1:30, 1:100 and 1:200. A 3% nitric acid solution was added to all samples. The average of the Pd and La concentrations in solution was calculated from these acquired concentrations.
-
-
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44
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0012356884
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For some other reports about cross-couplings with 'homeopathic' amounts of Pd, see: a
-
For some other reports about cross-couplings with 'homeopathic' amounts of Pd, see: (a) de Vries, A. H. M.; Parlevliet, F. J.; Schmieder van de Vondervoort, L.; Mommers, J. H. M.; Henderickx, H. J. W.; Walet, A. M.; de Vries, J. G. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2002, 344, 996.
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Mommers, J.H.M.4
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45
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