Signaling pathways leading to the activation of IKK and MAPK by thymosin α1

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1112, Issue , 2007, Pages 339-350

  Peng, Xiao ^a   Zhang, Ping ^a   Wang, Xin ^a   Chan, Justin ^a   Zhu, Mingwei ^a   Jiang, Meisheng ^b   Tuthill, Cynthia ^c   Wan, Yinsheng ^d   Dragoi, Ana Maria ^a   Chu, Wen Ming ^a  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c SciClone Pharmaceuticals Inc   (United States)

^d PROVIDENCE COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

AP 1; IKK; Interleukins; IRAK; JNK; p38; Thymosin 1; TRAF6

Indexed keywords

I KAPPA B KINASE; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED KINASE 4; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 6; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE P38; PROTEIN KINASE C ZETA; STRESS ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; THYMOSIN ALPHA1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP 1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED FACTOR 6;

ANIMAL CELL; BONE MARROW; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; EMBRYO; ENZYME ACTIVATION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MACROPHAGE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION;

MURINAE;

EID: 35348949941     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1415.025     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (25)

1. ANCELL, C.D., J. PHIPPS & L. YOUNG. 2001. Thymosin alpha-1. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 58: 879-885; quiz 886-878.
2. YOKOI, H., T. SAITOH, Y. NAKAZAWA & H. OHNO. 1996. An immunoradiometric assay for thymosin alpha 1. J. Immunoassay 17: 85-100.
3. SU, Y.L., K.L. HO, M.C. DALAKAS & M.G. MUTCHNICK. 1989. Localization of immunoreactive thymosin alpha 1 in astrocytes of normal human brain. Ann. Neurol. 26: 277-280.
4. FABIEN, N., C. AUGER & J.C. MONIER. 1988. Immunolocalization of thymosin alpha 1, thymopoietin and thymulin in mouse thymic epithelial cells at different stages of culture: a light and electron microscopic study. Immunology 63: 721-727.
5. OATES, K.K., P.H. NAYLOR & A.L. GOLDSTEIN. 1987. Localization of thymosin alpha 1 production to thymus medullary epithelial cells by use of monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma 6: 47-59.
6. CHEN, C., M. LI, H. YANG, et al. 2005. Roles of thymosins in cancers and other organ systems. World J. Surg. 29: 264-270.
7. SARANDESES, C.S., G. COVELO, C. DIAZ- JULLIEN & M. FREIRE. 2003. Prothymosin alpha is processed to thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin alpha 11 by a lysosomal asparaginyl endopeptidase. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 13286-13293.
8. WANG, S.S., R. MAKOFSKE, A. BACH & R.B. MERRIFIELD. 1980. Automated solid phase synthesis of thymosin alpha 1. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 15: 1-4.
9. BORGIA, G. & I. GENTILE. 2006. Treating chronic hepatitis B: today and tomorrow. Curr. Med. Chem. 13: 2839-2855.
10. ROMANI, L., F. BISTONI, R. GAZIANO, et al. 2004. Thymosin alpha 1 activates dendritic cells for antifungal Th1 resistance through toll-like receptor signaling. Blood 103: 4232-4239.
11. ROMANI, L., F. BISTONI, K. PERRUCCIO, et al. 2006. Thymosin alpha1 activates dendritic cell tryptophan catabolism and establishes a regulatory environment for balance of inflammation and tolerance. Blood 108: 2265-2274.
12. ZHANG, P., J. CHAN, A.M. DRAGOI, et al. 2005. Activation of IKK by thymosin alpha1 requires the TRAF6 signalling pathway. EMBO Rep. 6: 531-537.
13. MA, X., J.M. CHOW, G. GRI, et al. 1996. The interleukin 12 p40 gene promoter is primed by interferon gamma in monocytic cells. J. Exp. Med. 183: 147-157.
14. CHU, W.M., D. OSTERTAG, Z.W. LI, et al. 1999. JNK2 and IKKbeta are required for activating the innate response to viral infection. Immunity 11: 721-731.
15. GHOSH, S. & M. KARIN. 2002. Missing pieces in the NF-kappaB puzzle. Cell 109: S81-96.
16. CHANG, L. & M. KARIN. 2001. Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades. Nature 410: 37-40.
17. AKIRA, S. 2006. TLR signaling. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 311: 1-16.
18. CRELLIN, N.K., R.V. GARCIA, O. HADISFAR, et al. 2005. Human CD4+ T cells express TLR5 and its ligand flagellin enhances the suppressive capacity and expression of FOXP3 in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. J. Immunol. 175: 8051-8059.
19. CARON, G., D. DULUC, I. FREMAUX, et al. 2005. Direct stimulation of human T cells via TLR5 and TLR7/8: flagellin and R-848 up-regulate proliferation and IFN-gamma production by memory CD4+ T cells. J. Immunol. 175: 1551-1557.
20. FRENZEL, H., B. HOFFMANN, C. BROCKS, et al. 2006. Toll-like receptor interference in myeloid dendritic cells through head and neck cancer. Anticancer Res. 26: 4409-4413.
21. JONGBLOED, S.L., M.C. LEBRE, A.R. FRASER, et al. 2006. Enumeration and phenotypical analysis of distinct dendritic cell subsets in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 8: R15.
22. LEITGES, M., L. SANZ, P. MARTIN, et al. 2001. Targeted disruption of the zetaPKC gene results in the impairment of the NF-kappaB pathway. Mol. Cell 8: 771-780.
23. BLONSKA, M., P.B. SHAMBHARKAR, M. KOBAYASHI, et al. 2005. TAK1 is recruited to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor 1 complex in a receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-dependent manner and cooperates with MEKK3 leading to NF-kappaB activation. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 43056-43063.
24. YAO, J., T.W. KIM, J. QIN, et al. 2007. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced TAK1-dependent versus MEKK3-dependent NFkappaB activation pathways bifurcate at IL-1 receptor-associated kinase modification. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 6075-6089.
25. DRAGOI, A.M., X. FU, S. IVANOV, et al. 2005.DNA-PKcs, but not TLR9, is required for activation of Akt by CpG-DNA. EMBO J. 24: 779-789.