Deep sea

The Ecology of Marine Fishes: California and Adjacent Waters

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 342-384

  Neighbors, Margaret A ^a   Wilson Jr , Ray R ^b  

^a NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY   (United States)

^b CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34948885403     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (291)

1. Ahlstrom, E.H. 1959. Vertical distribution of pelagic fish eggs and larvae off California and Baja California. U.S. Fish. Bull. 161:107-146.
2. Alexander, R. McN. 1971. Swimbladder gas secretion and energy expenditure in vertically migrating fishes, p. 74-82. In: Proceedings of an international symposium on biological sound scattering in the ocean. G. B. Farquhar (ed.). U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
3. Alexander, R. 1972. The energetics of vertical migration by fishes. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 26: 273-294.
4. Ambrose, D.A. 1996. Platytroctidae: tubeshoulders, p. 234-239. In: The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Atlas No. 33. H. G. Moser (ed.). Allen Press. Lawrence, KS.
5. Andersen, N.R., and B. J. Zahuranec (eds.) 1977. Oceanic sound scattering prediction. Plenum Press, New York, 859 pp.
6. Anderson, M.E., G.M. Cailliet, and B.S. Antrim. 1979. Notes on some uncommon deep-sea fishes from the Monterey Bay area, California. Calif. Fish Game 65:256-264.
7. Andrews, A.H., G.M. Cailliet, and K.H. Coale. 1999. Age and growth of the Pacific grenadier (Coryphaenoides acrolepis) with age estimate validation using an improved radiometric ageing technique. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56:1339-1350.
8. Angel, M. V. 1997. What is the deep sea? p. 1-41. In: Deep-sea fishes. D. J. Randall and A.P. Farrell (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
9. Aron, W. 1962. The distribution of animals in the eastern North Pacific and its relationship to physical and chemical conditions. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 19:271-314.
10. Atsatt, L.H., and R.R. Seapy. 1974. An analysis of sampling variability in replicated midwater trawls off Southern California. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 14:261-273.
11. Aughtry, R.H. 1953. The biology and ecology of Cyclothone signata Garman in the Monterey Bay area. Unpubl. Master's thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 72 pp.
12. Badcock, J. 1969. Colour variation in two mesopelagic fishes and its correlation with ambient light conditions. Nature 221:383-385.
13. Bailey, D.M., and I.G. Priede. 2002. Predicting fish behaviour in response to abyssal food falls. Mar. Biol. 141:831-840.
14. Bailey, T.G. 1984. Distribution, abundance, and aspects of the life histories of midwater fishes from three regions of the eastern North Pacific. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 150 pp.
15. Bailey, T.G., and B.H. Robison. 1986. Food availability as a selective factor on the chemical compositions of midwater fishes in the eastern North Pacific. Mar. Biol. 91:131-141.
16. Baird, R.C., and G.Y. Jumper. 1993. Olfactory organs in the deep sea hatchetfish Sternoptyx diaphana (Stomiiformes, Sternoptychidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 53:1163-1167.
17. Baird, R.C., N.P. Thompson, T.L. Hopkins, and W.R. Weiss. 1975. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in mesopelagic fishes of the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. 25:473-481.
18. Balanov, A.A., and E.N. Il'inskii. 1992. Species composition and biomass of mesopelagic fishes in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. J. Ichthyol. 32(4):85-93.
19. Barham, E.G. 1971. Deep-sea fishes: lethargy and vertical orientation, p. 100-116. In: Proceedings of an international symposium on biological sound scattering in the ocean. G. B. Farquhar (ed.). U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
20. Beamish, R. J., K.D. Leask, O.A. Ivanov, A.A. Balanov, A. M. Orlov, and B. Sinclair. 1999. The ecology, distribution, and abundance of midwater fishes of the Subarctic Pacific gyres. Prog. Oceanogr. 43:399-442.
21. Belman, B.W., and M.E. Anderson. 1979. Aquarium observations on feeding by Melanostigma pammelas (Pisces: Zoarcidae). Copeia 1979:366-369.
22. Belman, B.W., and M.S. Gordon. 1979. Comparative studies on the metabolism of shallow-water and deep-sea marine fishes. V. Effects of temperature and hydrostatic pressure on oxygen consumption in the mesopelagic zoarcid Melanostigma pammelas. Mar. Biol. 50:275-281.
23. Benoit-Bird, K. J., and W.W.L. Au. 2001. Target strength measurements of Hawaiian mesopelagic boundary community animals. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110:812-819.
24. Berry, F.H., and H.C. Perkins. 1966. Survey of pelagic fishes of the California Current area. U.S. Fish. Bull. 65:625-682.
25. Best, E.A., and J.G. Smith. 1965. Fishes collected by midwater trawling from California coastal waters, March 1963. Calif. Fish Game 51:248-251.
26. Blaxter, J.H.S., and P. Tytler. 1978. Physiology and function of the swimbladder. Adv. Comp. Physiol. Biochem. 7:311-367.
27. Blaxter, J.H.S., C.S. Wardle, and B.L. Roberts. 1971. Aspects of the circulatory physiology and muscle systems of deep-sea fish. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 51: 991-1006.
28. Bolin, R.L. 1956. Age and growth of the myctophid fish Lampanyctus leucopsarus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann). Proc. XIV Int. Congr. Zool., 1953. p. 541.
29. Bone, Q. 1973. A note on the buoyancy of some lantern-fishes (Myctophoidei). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 53:619-633.
30. Brewer, G.D. 1973. Midwater fishes from the Gulf of California and the adjacent eastern tropical Pacific. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty. Contrib. Sci. 242:1-47.
31. Brown, D.W. 1974. Hydrography and midwater fishes of three contiguous oceanic areas off Santa Barbara, California. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty. Contrib. Sci. 261:1-30.
32. Bruun, A.F. 1955. Life and life-conditions of the deepest deep sea. Proc. Eighth Pacific Sci Congress 1: 399-408.
33. Burton, E. J. 1999. Radiometric age determination of the giant grenadier (Albatrossia pectoralis) using 210Pb:226Ra disequilibria. Unpubl. Master's thesis, San Francisco State University, 90 pp.
34. Butler, J.L., and W.G. Pearcy. 1972. Swimbladder morphology and specific gravity of myctophids off Oregon. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 29:1145-1150.
35. Cailliet, G.M., A.H. Andrews, E. J. Burton, D.L. Watters, D.E. Kline, and L. A. Ferry-Graham. 2001. Age determination and validation studies of marine fishes: do deep-dwellers live longer? Exper. Geron. 36:739-764.
36. Cailliet, G.M., and A.W. Ebeling. 1990. The vertical distribution and feeding habits of two common midwater fishes (Leuroglossus stilbius and Stenobrachius leucopsarus) off Santa Barbara. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Rep. 31:106-123.
37. Campana, S.E. 2001. Accuracy, precision and quality control in age determination, including a review of the use and abuse of age validation methods. J. Fish. Biol. 59:197-242.
38. Capen, R.L. 1967. Swimbladder morphology of some mesopelagic fishes in relation to sound scattering. U.S. Navy Electronics Laboratory Res. Rept. 1447. San Diego, CA.
39. Case, J.F., J. Warner, A.T. Barnes, and M. Lowenstine. 1977. Bioluminescence of lantern fish (Myctophidae) in response to changes in light intensity. Nature 265:179-181.
40. Castro, P. and M.E. Huber. 1997. Marine Biology, Second Edition. Wm. C. Brown/Time-Mirror, Dubuque, IA, 450 pp.
41. Childress, J. J., A.T. Barnes, L.B. Quetin, and B.H. Robison. 1978. Thermally protecting cod ends for the recovery of living deep-sea animals. Deep-Sea Res. 25:419-422.
42. Childress, J. J., and R.P. Meek. 1973. Observations on the feeding behavior of a mesopelagic fish (Anoplogaster cornuta: Beryciformes). Copeia 1973:602-603.
43. Childress, J. J., and M.H. Nygaard. 1973. The chemical composition of midwater fishes as a function of depth of occurrence off southern California. Deep-Sea Res. 20:1093-1109.
44. Childress, J. J., M.H. Price, J. Favuzzi, and D. Cowles. 1990. Chemical composition of midwater fishes as a function of depth of occurrence off the Hawaiian Islands: food availability as a selective factor? Mar. Biol. 105:235-246.
45. Childress, J. J., S.M. Taylor, G.M. Cailliet, and M.H. Price. 1980. Patterns of growth, energy utilization and reproduction in some meso- and bathypelagic fishes off Southern California. Mar. Biol. 61:27-40.
46. Clarke, G.L., and E. J. Denton. 1962. Light and animal life, p. 456-468 In: The Sea, vol. 1. M.N. Hill (ed.). Interscience Publishers, New York, London.
47. Clarke, T.A. 1972. Some aspects of the ecology of lanternfishes (Myctophidae) in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii. U. S. Fish. Bull. 71:401-434.
48. Collard, S.B., 1970. Forage of some eastern Pacific midwater fishes. Copeia 1970:348-354.
49. Cox, J.L. 1970. Accumulation of DDT residues in Triphoturus mexicanus from the Gulf of California. Nature 227:192-193.
50. Creasey, S.S., and A.D. Rogers. 1999. Population genetics of bathyal and abyssal organisms. Adv. Mar. Biol. 35:3-151.
51. Crescitelli, F. 1989. The visual pigments of a deep-water malacosteid fish. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 69: 43-51.
52. D'Aoust, B.G. 1971. Physiological constraints on vertical migration by mesopelagic fishes, p. 86-97. In: Proceedings of an international symposium on biological sound scattering in the ocean. G. B. Farquhar (ed.). U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
53. Denton, E.J. 1970. Review lecture: On the organization of reflecting surfaces in some marine animals. Phil. Trans, R. Soc. Lond. 258B:285-313.
54. Denton, E.J. 1990. Light and vision at depths greater than 200 metres, p. 127-148 In: Light and life in the sea. P. J. Herring, A. K. Campbell, M. Whitfield, and L. Maddock (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
55. Denton, E.J., J.B. Gilpin-Brown, and P. G. Wright. 1972. The angular distribution of the light produced by some mesopelagic fish in relation to their camouflage. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 182:145-158.
56. Denton, E.J., P. J. Herring, E.A. Widder, M.F. Latz, and J. F. Case. 1985. The roles of filters in the photophores of oceanic animals and their relation to vision in the oceanic environment. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 225:63-97.
57. Denton, E.J. and N.B. Marshall. 1958. The buoyancy of bathypelagic fishes without a gas-filled swimbladder. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 37:753-767.
58. DeWitt, F. A., Jr. 1972. Bathymetric distributions of two common deepsea fishes, Cyclothone acclinidens and C. signata, off southern California. Copeia 1972:88-96.
59. DeWitt, F.A., and G.M. Cailliet. 1972. Feeding habits of two bristlemouth fishes, Cyclothone acclinidens and C. signata (Gonostomatidae). Copeia 1972: 868-871.
60. Donnelly, J., J. J. Torres, T.L. Hopkins, and T.M. Lancraft. 1990. Proximate composition of Antarctic mesopelagic fishes. Mar. Biol. 106:12-23.
61. Douglas, R.H., J.C. Partridge, and N. J. Marshall. 1998. The eyes of deep-sea fish I: lens pigmentation, tapeta and visual pigments. Prog. Retinal Eye Res. 17: 597-636.
62. Drazen, J.C. 2002. Energy budgets and feeding rates of Coryphaenoides acrolepis and C. armatus. Mar. Biol. 140:677-686.
63. Drazen, J.C., T.W. Buckley, and G.R. Hoff. 2001. The feeding habits of slope dwelling macrourid fishes in the eastern North Pacific. Deep- Sea Res. I 48:909-935.
64. Duxbury, A.C. 1971. The earth and its oceans. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 381 pp.
65. Ebeling, A.W., and G.M. Cailliet. 1974. Mouth size and predator strategy of midwater fishes. Deep-Sea Res. 21:959-968.
66. Ebeling, A.W., R.M. Cailliet., Ibara, F. A. DeWitt, J., and D. W. Brown. 1971. Pelagic communities and sound scattering off Santa Barbara, California, p. 1-19. In: Proceedings of an international symposium on biological sound scattering in the ocean. G. B. Farquhar (ed.). U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
67. Ebeling, A.W., G.M. Cailliet., R.M. Ibara, R. J. Lavenberg, and F. J. Rohlf. 1970. Ecological groups of deep-sea animals off southern California. Bull. Los Angeles Cty. Mus. Nat. Hist. Sci. 6:1-43.
68. Emery, K.O. 1954. Source of water in basins off southern California. J. Mar. Res. 13:1-21.
69. Emery, K.O. 1960. The sea off southern California, a modern habitat of petroleum. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., NY, 366 pp.
70. Endo, H., and O. Okamura. 1992. New records of the abyssal grenadiers Coryphaenoides armatus and C. yaquinae from the western North Pacific. Jpn. J. Ich. 38:433-438.
71. Endo, H., M. Yabe, and K. Amaoka. 1993. Occurrence of the macrourid alevins genera Albatrossia and Coryphaenoides in the northern North Pacific Ocean. Jpn. J. Ichthyol. 40:219-226.
72. Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.) 1998. Catalog of fishes. Special Pub. No. 1, Center for Biodiversity Research and Information. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA. 1-3:1-2905.
73. Falk-Petersen, I.-B., S. Falk-Petersen, and J. R. Sargent. 1986. Nature, origin and possible roles of lipid deposits in Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin) and Benthosema glaciale (Reinhart) from Ullsfjorden, northern Norway. Polar Biol. 5:235-240.
74. Farquhar, G.B. (ed.) 1971. Proceedings of an international symposium on biological sound scattering in the ocean. U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 629 pp.
75. Fast, T.N. 1960. Some aspects of the natural history of Stenobrachius leucopsarus Eigenmann and Eigenmann. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss., Stanford University. Stanford, CA, 107 pp.
76. Fitch, J.E., and R. J. Lavenberg. 1968. Deep-water teleostean fishes of California. University. California Press, Berkeley, 155 pp.
77. Froese, R., and D. Pauly (eds.) 2003. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org.
78. Frost, B.W., and L.E. McCrone. 1979. Vertical distribution, diel vertical migration, and abundance of some mesopelagic fishes in the eastern subarctic Pacific Ocean in summer. U.S. Fish. Bull. 76: 751-770.
79. Gartner, J.V., Jr. 1991. Life histories of three species of lanternfishes (Pisces: Myctophidae) from the eastern Gulf of Mexico. I. Morphological and microstructural analysis of sagittal otoliths. Mar. Biol. 111:11-20.
80. Gartner, J.V., Jr. 1991. Life histories of three species of lanternfishes (Pisces: Myctophidae) from the eastern Gulf of Mexico. II. Age and growth patterns. Mar. Biol. 111:21-27.
81. Gartner, J.V., Jr. 1993. Patterns of reproduction in the dominant lanternfish species (Pisces: Myctophidae) of the eastern Gulf of Mexico, with a review of reproduction among tropical-subtropical Myctophidae. Bull. Mar. Sci. 52:721-750.
82. Gartner, J.V., R.E. Crabtree, and K. J. Sulak. 1997. Feeding at depth, p. 115-193. In: Deep-sea fishes. D. J. Randall and A. P. Farrell (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
83. Gartner, J.V., T.L. Hopkins, R.C. Baird, and D.M. Milliken. 1987. The lanternfishes (Pisces: Myctophidae) of the eastern Gulf of Mexico. U.S. Fish. Bull. 85:81-98.
84. Gee, J.H. 1983. Ecologic implications of buoyancy control in fish, p. 141-176. In: Fish biomechanics. P.W. Webb and D. Weihs (eds.). Praeger Publishers, New York.
85. Gjøsæter, J., and S. Tilseth. 1988. Spawning behaviour, egg and larval development of the myctophid fish Benthosema pterotum. Mar. Biol. 98:1-6.
86. Gorbatenko, K.M., and E.N. Il'inskii. 1992. Feeding behavior of the most common mesopelagic fishes in the Bering Sea. J. Ichthyol. 32(2):52-60.
87. Greely, T.M., J.V. Gartner, Jr., and J. J. Torres. 1999. Age and growth of Electrona antarctica (Pisces: Myctophidae), the dominant mesopelagic fish of the Southern Ocean. Mar. Biol. 133:145-158.
88. Günther, A.E. 1887. Report on the deep-sea fishes collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Zoology 22:1-335.
89. Hart, J.L. 1973. Pacific fishes of Canada. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. Bull. 180, 740 pp.
90. Hedgpeth, J.W. 1957. Classification of marine environments. In: Treatise on marine ecology and paleoecology. J. Hedgpeth (ed.). Mem. Geol. Soc. Amer. 67, 1:17-27.
91. Helfman, G.S., B.B. Collette, and D.E. Facey. 1997. The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, MA, 528 pp.
92. Herring, P.J. 1972. Bioluminescence of searsid fishes. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 56:879-887.
93. Herring, P.J. 1977. Oral light organs in Sternoptyx, with some observations on the bioluminescence of hatchet-fishes, p. 553-567. In: A voyage of discovery: George Deacon 70th anniversary volume. M. Angel (ed.). Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford.
94. Herring, P.J. 2000. Species abundance, sexual encounter and bioluminescent signalling in the deep sea. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 355: 1273-1276.
95. Herring, P.J. 2002. The biology of the deep ocean. Oxford University Press. Oxford, New York, 314 pp.
96. Herring, P. J., and J.G. Morin. 1978. Bioluminescence in fishes, p. 273-329. In: Bioluminescence in action. P. J. Herring (ed.). Academic Press, London.
97. Hickey, B.M. 1979. The California Current system-hypotheses and facts. Prog. Oceanog. 8:191-279.
98. Hickey, B.M. 1993. Physical oceanography, p. 19-70. In: Ecology of the Southern California Bight. A synthesis and interpretation. M.D. Dailey, D. J. Reish, and J. W. Anderson (eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley.
99. Hølmer, G. 1989. Triglycerides, pp. 139-173. In: Marine biogenic lipids, fats, and oils. Vol I. R. G. Ackman (ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
100. Holton, A.A. 1969. Feeding behavior of a vertically migrating lanternfish. Pac. Sci. 23:325-331.
101. Hopkins, T.L., and R.C. Baird. 1985. Feeding ecology of four hatchetfishes (Sternoptychidae) in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. 36:260-277.
102. Hopkins, T.L., and J.V. Gartner, Jr. 1992. Resource-partitioning and predation impact of a low-latitude myctophid community. Mar. Biol. 114:185-197.
103. Hopkins, T.L., and T.M. Lancraft. 1984. The composition and standing stock of mesopelagic micronekton at 27N 86W in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Cont. Mar. Sci 27:143-158.
104. Hopkins, T.L., and T.T. Sutton. 1998. Midwater fishes and shrimps as competitors and resource partitioning in low latitude oligotrophic ecosystems. Marine Ecol. Prog. Ser. 164:37-45.
105. Hopkins, T.L., T.T. Sutton., and T.M. Lancraft. 1996. The trophic structure and predation impact of a low latitude midwater fish assemblage. Prog. Oceanogr. 38:205-239.
106. Hulley, P.A. 1992. Upper-slope distributions of oceanic lanternfishes (family: Myctophidae). Mar. Biol. 114: 365-383.
107. Imsand, S. 1981. Comparison of the food of Triphoturus mexicanus and T. nigrescens, two lanternfishes of the Pacific Ocean. Mar. Biol. 63:87-100.
108. Imsand, S. 1982. Abundance in space and time of lanternfishes of the genus Triphoturus (Myctophidae) in the Pacific Ocean. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss., University of California, San Diego, 251 pp.
109. Isaacs, J.D., and R. Schwartzlose. 1975. Active animals of the deep-sea floor. Scien. Amer. 233:85-91.
110. Iwamoto, T., and Y.I. Sazonov. 1988. A review of the southeastern Pacific Coryphaenoides (sensu lato) (Pisces: Gadiformes, Macrouridae). Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 45(3): 35-82.
111. Iwamoto, T., and D.L. Stein. 1974. A systematic review of the rattail fishes (Macrouridae: Gadiformes) from Oregon and adjacent waters. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. 111:1-79.
112. Janssen, J., G.R. Harbison, and J. E. Craddock. 1986. Hatchetfishes hold horizontal attitudes during diagonal descents. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 66: 825-833.
113. Jumper, G.Y., Jr., and R.C. Baird. 1991. Location by olfaction: a model and application to the mating problem in the deep-sea hatchetfish Argyropelecus hemigymnus. Am. Nat. 138:1431-1458.
114. Kalish, J.M., C.F. Greenlaw, W.G. Pearcy, and D. Van Holliday. 1986. The biological and acoustical structure of sound scattering layers off Oregon. Deep-Sea Res. 33:631-653.
115. Kanwisher, J., and A. Ebeling. 1957. Composition of the swim-bladder gas in bathypelagic fishes. Deep-Sea Res. 4:211-217.
116. Kashkin, N.I. 1995. Vertical distribution of Cyclothone (Gonostomatidae) in the Pacific Ocean (brief review). J. Ichthyol. 35(8):53-60.
117. Kaufmann, R.G., and R.R. Wilson, Jr. 1991. A summary and bibliography of seamount biota. SIO Reference Series, University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 91-98, 79 pp.
118. Kayama, M., and Y. Ikeda. 1975. Studies on the lipids of micronektonic fishes caught in Sagami and Suruga Bays, with special reference to their wax esters. Yukagaku 24:435-440 (in Japanese).
119. Kayama, M., and J.C. Nevenzel. 1974. Wax ester biosynthesis by midwater marine animals. Mar. Biol. 24:279-285.
120. Kleckner, R.C., and R.H. Gibbs, Jr. 1972. Swimbladder structure of Mediterranean midwater fishes and a method of comparing swimbladder data with acoustic profiles. Mediterranean Biological Studies Final Report, Rept. To U.S. Navy Office of Naval Research, Contract # N00014-67-A-0399-0007, 1:230-281.
121. Kline, D.E. 1996. Radiochemical age verification for two deep-sea rockfishes, Sebastolobus altivelis and S. alascanus. Unpubl. Master's thesis, San Jose State University, CA.
122. Kobayashi, B.N. 1973. Systematics, zoogeography, and aspects of the biology of the bathypelagic fish genus Cyclothone in the Pacific Ocean. Unpubl. Ph.D. diss., University of California, San Diego, 487 pp.
123. Koefoed, E. 1927. Fishes from the sea bottom. Rep. Sci. Res. Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Exped. 4:1-148.
124. Krause, D.C. 1965. Tectonics, bathymetry, and geomagnitism of the southern continental borderland west of Baja California, Mexico. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 76:617-650.
125. Lapko, V.V. 1995. Role of mesopelagic fishes in the ichthyocene of the epipelagic zone of the Sea of Okhotsk. J. Ichthyol. 35(9):273-280.
126. Lauth, R.R. 1999. The 1997 Pacific west coast upper continental slope trawl survey of groundfish resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: estimates of distribution, abundance, and length composition. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-AFSC-98.
127. Lavenberg, R. J., and A.W. Ebeling. 1967. Distribution of midwater fishes among deep-water basins of the southern California shelf, p. 185-201. In: Proceedings of the symposium on the biology of the California Islands. R. N. Philbrick (ed.). Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, CA.
128. Lavenberg, R. J., and J.E. Fitch. 1966. Annotated list of fishes collected by midwater trawl in the Gulf of California, March-April 1964. Calif. Fish Game. 52:92-110.
129. Lawry, J.V., Jr. 1974. Lantern fish compare downwelling light and bioluminescence. Nature 247: 155-157.
130. Lee, R.F., and J. Hirota. 1973. Wax esters in tropical zooplankton and nekton and the geographical distribution of wax esters in marine copepods. Limnol. Oceanogr. 18:227-239.
131. Lee, R.F., J. Hirota, and A.M. Barnett. 1971. Distribution and importance of wax esters in marine copepods and other zooplankton. Deep-Sea Res. 18:1147-1165.
132. Lee, R.F., and J.S. Patton. 1989. Alcohol and waxes, p. 73-102. In: Marine biogenic lipids, fats, and oils. Vol. I.R.G. Ackman (ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
133. Lewis, R.W. 1970. The densities of three classes of marine lipids in relation to their possible role as hydrostatic agents. Lipids 5:151-153.
134. Longhurst, A. 1998. Ecological geography of the sea. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 398 pp.
135. MacGregor, J.S. 1974. Changes in the amount and proportions of DDT and its metabolites, DDE and DDD, in the marine environment off southern California, 1949-72. U.S. Fish. Bull. 72:275-293.
136. Marshall, N.B. 1954. Aspects of deep sea biology. Philosophical Library, NY, 380 pp.
137. Marshall, N.B. 1960. Swimbladder structure of deep-sea fishes in relation to their systematics and biology. Discovery Repts. 31:1-122.
138. Marshall, N.B. 1965. Systematic and biological studies of the macrourid fishes (Anacanthini-Teleosteii). Deep-Sea Res. 12:299-322.
139. Marshall, N.B. 1967. The olfactory organs of bathypelagic fishes. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19:57-70.
140. Marshall, N.B. 1971. Explorations in the life of fishes. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA, 204 pp.
141. Marshall, N.B. 1971. Swimbladder development and the life of deep-sea fishes, p. 69-73. In: Proceedings of an international symposium on biological sound scattering in the ocean. G.B. Farquhar (ed.). U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
142. Marshall, N.B. 1972. Swimbladder organization and depth ranges of deepsea teleosts. Soc. exp. Biol. Symp. 26: 261-272.
143. Marshall, N.B. 1979. Developments in deep-sea biology. Blandford Press, Poole, Dorset. 566 pp.
144. Marshall, N.B. 1980. Deep-sea biology, developments and perspectives. Garland STPM Press, NY, 566 pp.
145. Marshall, N.B., and N.R. Merrett. 1977. The existence of a benthopelagic fauna in the deep-sea, p. 483-497. In: A voyage of discovery: George Beacon 70th anniversary volume. M.V. Angel (ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford, New York.
146. Marshall, N. J. 2000. Communication and camouflage with the same bright colours in reef fishes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 355:1243-1248.
147. Matsui, T., S. Kato, and S.E. Smith. 1990. Biology and potential use of Pacific grenadier, Coryphaenoides acrolepis, off California. Mar. Fish. Rev. 52:1-17.
148. McCosker, J.E., and M.E. Anderson. 1976. Aquarium maintenance of mesopelagic animals: a progress report. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 75:211-219.
149. McFall-Ngai, M. 1990. Crypsis in the pelagic environment. Amer. Zool. 30:175-188.
150. McFall-Ngai, M., F. Crescitelli, J. Childress, and J. Horwitz. 1986. Patterns of pigmentation in the eye lens of the deep-sea hatchetfish, Argyropelecus affinis Garman. J. Comp. Physiol. A 159:791-800.
151. McNulty, J. A. 1976. A comparative study of the pineal complex in the deep-sea fishes Bathylagus wesethi and Nezumia liolepis. Cell Tiss. Res. 172:205-225.
152. McNulty, J.A., and B.G. Nafpaktitis. 1976. The structure and development of the pineal complex in the lanternfish Triphoturus mexicanus (family Myctophidae). J. Morphol. 150:579-606.
153. McNulty, J.A.. 1977. Morphology of the pineal complex in seven species of lanternfishes (Pisces: Myctophidae). Am. J. Anat. 150:509-530.
154. Mead, G.W., and S.A. Earle. 1970. Notes on the natural history of snipe eels. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 38:99-103.
155. Mensinger, A.F., and J.F. Case. 1997. Luminescent properties of fishes from nearshore California basins. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 210:75-90.
156. Merrett, N.R. 1989. The elusive macrourid alevin and its seeming lack of potential in contributing to intrafamilial systematics, p. 175-185. In: Papers on the systematics of gadiform fishes. D.M. Cohen (ed). Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. Science Series No. 32, Los Angeles.
157. Merrett, N.R. 1992. Demersal ichthyofaunal distribution in the abyssal eastern North Atlantic, with special reference to Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus (Macrouridae). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 72:5-24.
158. Middleton, R.W., and J.A. Musick. 1986. The abundance and distribution of the family Macrouridae (Pisces: Gadiformes) in the Norfolk Canyon area. U.S. Fish. Bull. 84:35-62.
159. Miller, D. J., and R. N. Lea. 1972. Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. Calif. Dept. Fish Game Fish Bull. No. 157, 235 pp.
160. Miya, M., and T. Nemoto. 1991. Comparative life histories of the mesoand bathypelagic fishes of the genus Cyclothone (Pisces: Gonostomatidae) in Sagami Bay, central Japan. Deep-Sea Res. 38:67-89.
161. Moku, M., K. Kawaguchi, H. Watanabe, and A. Ohno. 2000. Feeding habits of three dominant myctophid fishes, Diaphus theta, Stenobrachius leucopsarus and S. nannochir, in the subarctic and transitional waters of the western North Pacific. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 207:129-140.
162. Montgomery, J., and N. Pankhurst. 1997. Sensory physiology, p. 325-349. In: Fish Physiology, v. 16, Deep-sea fishes. W. S. Hoar, D. J. Randall, and A.P. Farrell (eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
163. Moore, J.A. 2002. Upside-down swimming behavior in a whipnose anglerfish (Teleostei: Ceratioidei: Gigantactinidae). Copeia 2002: 1144-1146.
164. Morita, T. 1999. Molecular phylogenetic relationships of the deep-sea fish genus Coryphaenoides (Gadiformes: Macrouridae) based on mitochondrial DNA. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 13:447-454.
165. Morris, R. J., and F. Culkin. 1989. Fish, p. 145-178. In: Marine biogenic lipids, fats, and oils. Vol. II. R.G. Ackman (ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
166. Moser, H.G. 1974. Development and distribution of larvae and juveniles of Sebastolobus altivelis (Pisces; Family Scorpaenidae). U.S. Fish. Bull. 72:865-884.
167. Moser, H.G. (ed.). 1996a. The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Atlas No. 33. Allen Press. Lawrence, KS, 1505 pp.
168. Moser, H.G. 1996b. Astronesthidae: snaggletooths. p. 305-307. In: The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. H.G. Moser (ed.). Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Atlas No. 33. Allen Press. Lawrence, KS.
169. Moser, H.G., and E. H. Ahlstrom. 1996. Myctophidae: lanternfishes. p. 387-475. In: The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. H.G. Moser (ed.). Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Atlas No. 33. Allen Press. Lawrence, KS.
170. Moser, H.G., R.L. Charter, P.E. Smith, D.A. Ambrose, S.R. Charter, C.A. Meyer, E.M. Sandknop, and W. Watson. 1993. Distributional atlas of fish larvae and eggs in the California Current region: taxa with 1000 or more total larvae, 1951 through 1984. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Atlas No. 31. 233pp.
171. Moser, H.G. 1994. Distributional atlas of fish larvae in the California Current region: Taxa with less than 1000 total larvae, 1951 through 1984. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Atlas No. 32. 181pp.
172. Muntz, W.R.A. 1976. On yellow lenses in mesopelagic animals. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 56:963-976.
173. Neighbors, M.A. 1988. Triacylglycerols and wax esters in the lipids of deep midwater teleost fishes of the Southern California Bight. Mar. Biol. 98:15-22.
174. Neighbors, M.A. 1992. Occurrence of inflated swimbladders in five species of lanternfishes (family Myctophidae) from waters off southern California. Mar. Biol. 114:355-363.
175. Neighbors, M.A., and B.G. Nafpaktitis. 1982. Lipid compositions, water contents, swimbladder morphologies and buoyancies of nineteen species of midwater fishes (18 myctophids and 1 neoscopelid). Mar. Biol. 66:207-215.
176. Nevenzel, J.C., and N.K. Menon. 1980. Lipids of midwater marine fish: family Gonostomatidae. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 65B:351-355.
177. Nevenzel, J.C., W. Rodegker, J.S. Robinson, and M. Kayama. 1969. The lipids of some lantern fishes (family Myctophidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 31: 25-36.
178. Newman, J.B., and B.H. Robison. 1992. Development of a dedicated ROV for ocean science. Mar. Tech. Soc. J. 26(4):46-53.
179. Nicol, J.A.C. 1978. Bioluminescence and vision, p. 367-398. In: Bioluminescence in action. P. J. Herring (ed.). Academic Press, New York.
180. Novikov, N.P. 1970. Biology of Chalinura pectoralis in the North Pacific, p. 304-331. In: Soviet fisheries investigations in the northwestern Pacific, Part V (In Russian), P.A. Moiseev (ed). Proc. All Union Sci. Res. Inst. Mar. Fish. Ocean (VINRO), vol. 70, and Pac. Sci. Res. Inst. Fish. Ocean. (TINRO), vol. 72 (Translated by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1972).
181. O'Day, W.T. 1973. Luminescent silhouetting in stomiatoid fishes. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. Cont. Sci. 246:1-8.
182. O'Day, W.T. 1974. Bacterial luminescence in the deep-sea anglerfish Oneirodes acanthias (Gilbert, 1915). Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. Cont. Sci. 255:1-11.
183. O'Day, W.T., and H.R. Fernandez. 1974. Aristostomias scintillans (Malacosteidae): a deep-sea fish with visual pigments apparently adapted to its own bioluminescence. Vision Res. 14:545-550.
184. Partridge, J.C., and R. H. Douglas. 1995. Far-red sensitivity of dragon fish. Nature 375:21-22.
185. Paxton, J.R. 1967. A distributional analysis for the lanternfishes (Family Myctophidae) of the San Pedro Basin, California. Copeia 1967:422-440.
186. Paxton, J.R. 1967. Biological notes on southern California lanternfishes (family Myctophidae). Calif. Fish Game 53:214-217.
187. Paxton, J.R. 1972. Osteology and relationships of the lanternfishes (family Myctophidae). Bull. Nat Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. Sci 13:1-81.
188. Pearcy, W.G. 1964. Some distributional features of mesopelagic fishes off Oregon. J. Mar. Res. 22:83-102.
189. Pearcy, W.G., and J. Ambler. 1974. Food habits of deep-sea macrourid fishes of the Oregon coast. Deep-Sea Res. 21:745-759.
190. Pearcy, W.G., E.E. Krygier, R. Mesecar, and F. Ramsey. 1977. Vertical distribution and migration of oceanic micronekton off Oregon. Deep- Sea Res. 24:223-245.
191. Pearcy, W.G., and R. M. Laurs. 1966. Vertical migration and distribution of mesopelagic fishes off Oregon. Deep-Sea Res. 13:153-165.
192. Pearcy, W.G., H.V. Lorz, and W. Peterson. 1979. Comparison of the feeding habits of migratory and non-migratory Stenobrachius leucopsarus (Myctophidae). Mar. Biol. 51:1-8.
193. Pearcy, W.G., and R.S. Mesecar. 1971. Scattering layers and vertical distribution of oceanic animals off Oregon, p. 381-394. In: Proceedings of an international symposium on biological sound scattering in the ocean. G.B. Farquhar (ed.) U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
194. Phleger, C.F. 1991. Biochemical aspects of buoyancy in fishes, p. 209-247. In: Biochemistry and molecular biology of fishes, Vol. I, Phylogenetic and biochemical perspectives. P.W. Hochachka and T. P. Mommsen (eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
195. Phleger, C.F. 1998. Buoyancy in marine fishes: direct and indirect role of lipids. Amer. Zool. 38: 321-330.
196. Phleger, C.F., M.M. Nelson, B.D. Mooney, and P.D. Nichols. 1999. Wax esters versus triacylglycerols in myctophid fishes from the Southern Ocean. Antarctic Sci. 11:436-444.
197. Phleger, C.F., P.D. Nichols, and P. Virtue. 1997. The lipid, fatty acid and fatty alcohol composition of the myctophid fish Electrona antarctica: high level of wax esters and food-chain implications. Antarctic Sci. 9:258-265.
198. Phleger, C.F., and A. Soutar. 1971. Free vehicles and deep-sea biology. Amer. Zool. 11:409-418.
199. Pieper, R.E. 1967. Final Report, Mesopelagic faunal discontinuities in the eastern North Pacific. AC Electronics-Defense Res. Labs., General Motors Corporation, Santa Barbara, CA. Sea Operations Dept. Tech. Rept. TR67-19.
200. Pieper, R.E., and B.G. Bargo. 1980. Acoustic measurements of a migrating layer of the Mexican lampfish, Triphoturus mexicanus, at 102 kilohertz. U.S. Fish. Bull 77:935-942.
201. Pietsch, T.W. 1976. Dimorphism, parasitism and sex: reproductive strategies among deepsea ceratioid anglerfishes. Copeia 1976:781-793.
202. Priede, I.G., and P.M. Bagley. 2000. In situ studies on deep-sea demersal fishes using autonomous unmanned lander platforms, p. 357-392. In: Oceanography and marine biology. R.N. Gibson and M. Barnes (eds.). Allen & Unwin, London.
203. Priede, I.G., P.M. Bagley, J.D. Armstrong, K.L. Smith, and N.R. Merrett. 1991. Direct measurement of active dispersal of food-falls by deepsea demersal fishes. Nature 351:647-649.
204. Priede, I.G., and N.R. Merrett. 1998. The relationship between numbers of fish attracted to baited cameras and population density: Studies on demersal grenadiers Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus in the abyssal NE Atlantic Ocean. Fish. Res. 36:133-137.
205. Priede, I.G., K.L. Smith, and J.D. Armstrong. 1990. Foraging behaviour of abyssal grenadier fish: inferences from acoustic tagging and tracking in the North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. 37:81-101.
206. Rainwater, C.L. 1975. An ecological study of midwater fishes in Santa Catalina Basin, off southern California, using cluster analysis. Unpubl. Ph. D. diss., University. of Southern California, Los Angeles, 159 pp.
207. Reid, J.L., Jr., G.I. Roden, and J.G. Wyllie. 1958. Studies of the California Current system. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Inv. Prog. Rept. 5:27-57.
208. Reinhardt, S.B., and E.S. Van Vleet. 1986. Lipid composition of twentytwo species of Antarctic midwater zooplankton and fish. Mar. Biol. 91:149-159.
209. Robertson, D.A. 1977. Planktonic eggs of the lanternfish, Lampanyctodes hectoris (family Myctophidae). Deep-Sea Res. 24: 849-852.
210. Robison, B.H. 1972. Distribution of midwater fishes of the Gulf of California. Copeia 1972:448-461.
211. Robison, B.H. 1973. A system for maintaining midwater fishes in captivity. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 30:126-128.
212. Robison, B.H. 1973. Distribution and ecology of midwater fishes of the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Unpubl. Ph.D. diss., Stanford University. Stanford, CA, 175 pp.
213. Robison, B.H. 1992. Midwater research methods with MBARI's ROV. Mar. Technol. Soc. J. 26(4):32-39.
214. Robison, B.H. 1999. Shape change behavior by mesopelagic animals. Mar. Fresh. Behav. Physiol. 32:17-25.
215. Robison, B.H. 2003. What drives the diel vertical migrations of Antarctic midwater fish? J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 83:639-642.
216. Robison, B.H. 2004. Deep pelagic biology. J. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 300: 253-272.
217. Robison, B.H., and T.G. Bailey. 1981. Sinking rates and dissolution of midwater fish fecal matter. Mar. Biol. 65:135-142.
218. Robison, B.H. 1982. Nutrient energy flux in midwater fishes, p. 80-87. In: Gutshop '81. Proc. third Pacific workshop on fish food habits studies. G.M. Cailliet and C.A. Simenstad (eds.) University of Washington Press, Seattle.
219. Ross, L.G. 1976. The permeability to oxygen of the swimbladder of the mesopelagic fish Ceratoscopelus maderensis. Mar. Biol. 37:83-87.
220. Saito, H., and M. Murata. 1998. Origin of the monoene fats in the lipid of midwater fishes: relationship between the lipids of myctophids and those of their prey. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 168:21-33.
221. Sargent, J.R. 1976. The structure, metabolism and function of lipids in marine organisms. p. 149-212. In: Biochemical and biophysical perspectives in marine biology, Vol. 3. D.C. Malins and J.R. Sargent (eds.). Academic Press, London.
222. Sargent, J.R. 1978. Marine wax esters. Sci. Prog., Oxf. 65:437-458.
223. Sargent, J.R., R.F. Lee, and J. C. Nevenzel. 1976. Marine waxes. p. 49-91. In: Chemistry and biochemistry of natural waxes. P.E. Kolattukudy (ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
224. Seo, H.-S., Y. Endo, K. Fujimoto, H. Watanabe, and K. Kawaguchi. 1996. Characterization of lipids in myctophid fish in the subarctic and tropical Pacific Ocean. Fisheries Sci. 62:447-453.
225. Seo, H.-S., Y. Endo, M. Moku, K. Kawaguchi, and K. Fujimoto. 2001. Wax ester biosynthesis in the liver of myctophid fishes. Lipids 36:389-393.
226. Siebenaller, J.F. 1978. Genetic variability in deep-sea fishes of the genus Sebastolobus (Scorpaenidae), p. 95-122. In: Marine organisms. B. Battaglia and J. Beardmore (eds.). Plenum Press, New York.
227. Sinclair, E.H., A.A. Balanov, T. Kubodera, V.I. Radchenko, and Y.A. Fedorets. 1999. Distribution and ecology of mesopelagic fishes and cephalopods, p. 485-508. In: Dynamics of the Bering Sea. T.R. Loughlin and K. Ohtani (eds.). Univ. of Alaska Sea Grant, Fairbanks, AK.
228. Smith, C.R., and S.C. Hamilton. 1983. Epibenthic megafauna of a bathyal basin off southern California: patterns of abundance, biomass, and dispersion. Deep-Sea Res. 30:907-928.
229. Smith, D.G., and J.G. Nielsen. 1976. Preliminary note on sexual dimorphism in the Nemichthyidae and the identity of Avocettinops and Paravocettinops (Pisces, Anguilliformes). Steenstrupia 4:1-5.
230. Smith, K.L., Jr. 1978. Metabolism of the abyssopelagic rattail Coryphaenoides armatus measured in situ. Nature 274:362-364.
231. Smith, K.L., Jr. and N.O. Brown. 1983. Oxygen consumption of pelagic juveniles and demersal adults of the deep-sea fish Sebastolobus altivelis, measured at depth. Mar. Biol. 76:325-332.
232. Smith, K.L., and R.R. Hessler. 1974. Respiration of benthopelagic fishes: In-situ measurements at 1230 meters. Science 184:72-73.
233. Smith, K.L., and M.B. Laver. 1981. Respiration of the bathypelagic fish Cyclothone acclinidens. Mar. Biol. 61:261-266.
234. Smith, K.L., M.B. Laver, and N.O. Brown. 1983. Sediment community oxygen consumption and nutrient exchange in the central and easternNorth Pacific. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28:882-898.
235. Smith, K.L., G.A. White, M.B. Laver, R.R. McConnaughey, and J.P. Meador. 1979. Free vehicle capture of abyssopelagic animals. Deep- Sea Res. 26:57-64.
236. Smith-Beasley, L. 1992. A study of the vertical distribution of upper mesopelagic animals in the Monterey Submarine Canyon, California. Unpubl. Master's thesis, Moss Landing Marine Labs., San Jose State University, CA, 62 pp.
237. Smoker, W., and W.G. Pearcy. 1970. Growth and reproduction of the lanternfish Stenobrachius leucopsarus. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 27:1265-1275.
238. Somiya, H. 1976. Functional significance of the yellow lens in the eyes of Argyropelecus affinis. Mar. Biol. 34:93-99.
239. Springer, V.G. 1982. Pacific plate biogeography with special reference to shore fishes. Smithson. Contr. Biol. 367:1-182.
240. Stein, D.L. 1980. Description and occurrence of macrourid larvae and juveniles in the northeastern Pacific Ocean off Oregon. Deep-Sea Res. 27:889-900.
241. Stein, D.L. 1985. Towing large nets by single warp at abyssal depths: methods and biological results. Deep-Sea Res. 32:183-200.
242. Stein, D.L., and J. Butler. 1972. First records of Bathysaurus mollis (Pisces: Bathysauridae) from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 29:1093-1094.
243. Stein, D.L., and W. G. Pearcy. 1982. Aspects of reproduction, early life history, and biology of macrourid fishes off Oregon, U.S.A. Deep-Sea Res. 29:1313-1329.
244. Stepien, C.A., A.K. Dillon, and A.K. Patterson. 2000. Population genetics, phylogeography, and systematics of the thornyhead rockfishes (Sebastolobus) along the deep continental slopes of the North Pacific Ocean. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 57:1701-1717.
245. Stickney, D.G., and J. J. Torres. 1989. Proximate composition and energy content of mesopelagic fishes from the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Mar. Biol. 103:13-24.
246. Sulak, K. J., C.A. Wenner, G.R. Sedberry, and L. van Guelpen. 1985. The life history and systematics of deep-sea lizard fishes, genus Bathysaurus (Synodontidae). Can. J. Zool. 63:623-642.
247. Sutton, T.T., and T.L. Hopkins. 1996. Species composition, abundance, and vertical distribution of the stomiid (Pisces: Stomiiformes) fish assemblage of the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. 59:530-542.
248. Sutton, T.T.. 1996. Trophic ecology of the stomiid (Pisces: Stomiidae) fish assemblage of the eastern Gulf of Mexico: strategies, selectivity and impact of a top mesopelagic predator group. Mar. Biol. 127:179-192.
249. Sutton, T.T., T.L. Hopkins., and T.M. Lancraft. 1995. Trophic diversity of a mesopelagic fish community, p. 353-351. In: Pelagic biogeography ICoPBII. Proc. 2nd intl. conference. IOC Workshop Report No. 142. A.C. Pierrot-Bults and S. van der Spoel (eds.). UNESCO.
250. Sverdrup, H.U., M.W. Johnson, and R. H. Fleming. 1942. The oceans: their physics, chemistry and general biology. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1060 pp.
251. Swan, S.C., and J.D.M. Gordon. 2001. A review of age estimation in macrourid fishes with new data on age validation of juveniles. Fish. Res. 51:177-195.
252. Takahashi, S., S. Tanabe, and K. Kawaguchi. 2000. Organochlorine and butyltin residues in mesopelagic myctophid fishes from the western North Pacific. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34:5129-5136.
253. Talbot, J. J. 1973. Some aspects of the ecology and bathymetric distribution of Cyclothone acclinidens in the Santa Catalina Basin. Copeia 1973:600-601.
254. Taylor, H.F. 1922. Deductions concerning the air bladder and the specific gravity of fishes. Bull. Bureau Fish. 38:121-126.
255. Thompson, D.R., R.W. Furness, and L.R. Monteiro. 1998. Seabirds as biomonitors of mercury inputs to epipelagic and mesopelagic marine food chains. Science Total Env. 213:299-305.
256. Torgersen, T., and S. Kaartvedt. 2001. In situ swimming behaviour of individual mesopelagic fish studied by split-beam echo target tracking. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 58:346-354.
257. Torres, J. J., B.W. Belman, and J.J. Childress. 1979. Oxygen consumption rates of midwater fishes as a function of depth of occurrence. Deep-Sea Res. 26A:185-197.
258. Tyler, H.R., Jr., and W.G. Pearcy. 1975. The feeding habits of three species of lanternfishes (family Myctophidae) off Oregon, USA. Mar. Biol. 32:7-11.
259. Uchupi, E., and K.O. Emery. 1963. The continental slope between San Francisco, California and Cedros Island, Mexico. Deep-Sea Res. 10:397-447.
260. Vent, R.J., and G.V. Pickwell. 1977. Acoustic volume scattering measurements with related biological and chemical observations in the northeastern tropical Pacific, p. 697-716. In: Oceanic sound scattering prediction. N.R. Andersen and B.J. Zahuranec (eds.). Plenum Press, NY.
261. Vetter, R.D., and E.A. Lynn. 1997. Bathymetric demography, enzyme activity patterns, and bioenergetics of deep-living scorpaenid fishes (genera Sebastes and Sebastolobus): paradigms revisited. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 155:173-188.
262. Wagner H.-J., E. Fröhlich, K. Negishi, and S.P. Collin. 1998. The eyes of deep-sea fish II. functional morphology of the retina. Prog. Retinal Eye Res. 17: 637-685.
263. Wakefield, W.W., and A. Genin. 1987. The use of a Canadian (perspective) grid in deep-sea photography. Deep-Sea Res. 34:469-478.
264. Wakefield, W.W., and K.L. Smith, Jr. 1990. Ontogenetic vertical migration in Sebastolobus altivelis as a mechanism for transport of particulate organic matter at continental slope depths. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36:1314-1328.
265. Warrant, E. 2000. The eyes of deep-sea fishes and the changing nature of visual scenes with depth. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 355: 1155-1159.
266. Watanabe, H., M. Moku, K. Kawaguchi, K. Ishimaru, and A. Ohno. 1999. Diel vertical migration of myctophid fishes (Family Myctophidae) in the transitional waters of the western North Pacific. Fish. Oceanogr. 8:115-127.
267. Watson, W. 1996. Anoplogastridae: fangtooths, p. 683-685. In: The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Atlas No. 33. H.G. Moser (ed.). Allen Press. Lawrence, KS.
268. Weitzman, S.H. 1997. Systematics of deep-sea fishes, p. 43-77, In: Deep-sea fishes. D. J. Randall and A.P. Farrell (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego.
269. Widder, E.A., M.I. Latz, P. J. Herring, and J.F. Case. 1984. Far red bioluminescence from two deep-sea fishes. Science 225: 512-514.
270. Willis, J.M. 1984. Mesopelagic fish faunal regions of the northeast Pacific. Biol. Oceanogr. 3:167-185.
271. Willis, J.M., and W.G. Pearcy. 1980. Spatial and temporal variations in the population size structure of three lanternfishes (Myctophidae) off Oregon, USA. Mar. Biol. 57:181-191.
272. Wilson, R.R., Jr. 1982. A comparison of ages estimated by the polarized light method with ages estimated by vertebrae in females of Coryphaenoides acrolepis (Pisces:Macrouridae). Deep-Sea Res. 29:1373-1379.
273. Wilson, R.R., Jr. 1984. Taxonomic and biological studies on the abyssal grenadiers Coryphaenoides armatus and C. yaquinae in the eastern and central North Pacific, with special reference to otoliths. Unpubl. Ph.D. diss., University of California, San Diego. 194 pp.
274. Wilson, R.R., Jr. 1985. Depth-related changes in sagitta morphology in six species of macrourid fishes of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Copeia 1985:1011-1017.
275. Wilson, R.R., Jr. 1988. Analysis of growth zones and microstructure in otoliths of two macrourids from the North Pacific abyss. Environ. Biol. Fish. 21:251-261.
276. Wilson, R.R., Jr. 1994. Interrelationships of the subgenera of Coryphaenoides (Gadiformes: Macrouridae): comparison of protein electrophoresis and peptide mapping. Copeia 1994:42-50.
277. Wilson, R.R., Jr. 2001. A new species of Nezumia from Fieberling Guyot, eastern North Pacific Ocean. Rev. Biol. Trop. 49 (Suppl.1):29-37.
278. Wilson, R.R. Jr., and P. Attia. 2003. Interrelationships of the subgenera of Coryphaenoides (Teleostei: Gadiformes: Macrouridae): synthesis of allozyme, peptide mapping, and DNA sequence data. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 27:343-347.
279. Wilson, R.R. Jr., and K.L. Smith, Jr. 1984. Effect of near-bottom currents on detection of bait by the abyssal grenadier fishes (Coryphaenoides spp.) recorded in situ with a video camera on a free vehicle. Mar. Biol. 84:83-91.
280. Wilson, R.R. Jr. 1985. Live capture, maintenance, and partial decompression of a deep-sea grenadier fish (Coryphaenoides acrolepis) in a hyperbaric trap-aquarium. Deep-Sea Res. 32:1571-1582.
281. Wilson, R.R. Jr., and R.S. Waples. 1983. Distribution, morphology, and biochemical genetics of Coryphaenoides armatus and C. yaquinae (Pisces:Macrouridae) in the central and eastern North Pacific. Deep- Sea Res. 30:1127-1145.
282. Wilson, R.R. Jr. 1984. Electrophoretic and biometric variability in the abyssal grenadier Coryphaenoides armatus of the western North Atlantic, eastern South Pacific and eastern North Pacific Oceans. Mar. Biol. 80:227-237.
283. Wisner, R.L. 1962. Midwater trawl surveys. Limnol. Oceanogr. 7 suppl.:xxxix-xli.
284. Wisner, R.L. 1976. The taxonomy and distribution of lanternfishes (Family Myctophidae) of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. NORDA Rept. 3. Navy Ocean Res. Dev. Activity. Bay St. Louis, MS.
285. Yancey, P. H., T. Kulongoski, M.D. Usibelli, R. Lawrence-Berrey, and A. Pedersen. 1992. Adaptations in mesopelagic fishes-II. Protein contents of various muscles and actomyosin contents and structure of swimming muscle. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 103B: 691-697.
286. Yancey, P.H., R. Lawrence-Berrey, and M.D. Douglas. 1989. Adaptations in mesopelagic fishes. I. Buoyant glycosaminoglycan layers in species without diel vertical migrations. Mar. Biol. 103:453-459.
287. Young, R.E., E.M. Kampa, S.D. Maynard, F. M. Mencher, and C.F.E. Roper. 1980. Counterillumination and the upper depth limits of midwater animals. Deep-Sea Res. 27A:671-691.
288. Young, R.E., and C.F.E. Roper. 1977. Intensity regulation of bioluminescence during countershading in living midwater animals. U.S. Fish. Bull. 75:239-252.
289. Young, R.E., C.F.E. Roper., and J.F. Walters. 1979. Eyes and extraocular photoreceptors in midwater cephalopods and fishes: their roles in detecting downwelling light for counterillumination. Mar. Biol. 51:371-380.
290. Zahuranec, B. J., and W.L. Pugh. 1971. Biological results from scattering layer investigations in the Norwegian Sea, p. 360-379. In: Proceedings of an international symposium on biological sound scattering in the ocean. G.B. Farquhar (ed.). U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
291. Zdanowicz, V.S., B. Sharack, S.L. Cunneff, T.W. Finneran, B. Leimburg, and M. C. Ingham. 1996. Metal concentrations in midwater fish and plankton from the 106-mile dumpsite. J. Mar. Env. Eng. 1:131-148.