Dynamics of vaginal bacterial communities in women developing bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or no infection, analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and real-time PCR

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 73, Issue 18, 2007, Pages 5731-5741

  Vitali, Beatrice ^a   Pugliese, Ciro ^a   Biagi, Elena ^a   Candela, Marco ^a   Turroni, Silvia ^a   Bellen, Gert ^b   Donders, Gilbert G G ^b,c,d   Brigidi, Patrizia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^b Femicare vzw   (Belgium)

^c Regionaal Ziekenhuis Heilig Hart Tienen   (Belgium)

^d UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTROPHORESIS; MAMMALS; PATHOGENS; PATIENT TREATMENT; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS;

BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION; VAGINAL FLUIDS;

BACTERIA;

RNA 16S;

BACTERIUM; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REAL TIME; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; REPRODUCTIVE DISORDER;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL FLORA; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LACTOBACILLUS; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RNA GENE; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; VAGINA CANDIDIASIS; VAGINA DISCHARGE; VAGINA FLORA; VAGINITIS;

ADULT; CANDIDIASIS; DNA PRIMERS; DNA, FUNGAL; ELECTROPHORESIS, POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL; FEMALE; HUMANS; LABORATORY TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES; LACTOBACILLUS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREMENOPAUSE; RANDOM ALLOCATION; RNA, RIBOSOMAL, 16S; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA; VAGINA; VAGINOSIS, BACTERIAL;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); LACTOBACILLUS;

EID: 34648819702     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01251-07     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Altermann, E., W. M. Russell, M. A. Azcarate-Peril, R. Barrangou, B. L. Buck, O. McAuliffe, N. Souther, A. Dobson, T. Duong, M. Callanan, S. Lick, A. Hamrick, R. Cano, and T. R. Klaenhammer. 2005. Complete genome sequence of the probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:3906-3912.
2. Altschul, S. F., T. L. Madden, A. A. Schaffer, J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, V. Miller, and D. J. Lipman. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search program. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402.
3. Amsel, R., P. A. Totten, C. A. Spiegel, C. K. Chen, D. Eschenbach, and K. K. Holmes. 1983. Nonspecific vaginitis: diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiological associations. Am. J. Med. 74:14-22.
4. Antonio, M. A., S. E. Hawes, and S. L. Hillier. 1999. The identification of vaginal Lactobacillus species and the demographic and microbiologic characteristics of women colonized by these species. J. Infect. Dis. 180:1950-1956.
5. Aroutcheva, A., D. Gariti, M. Simon, S. Shott, J. Faro, J. A. Simoes, A. Gurguis, and S. Faro. 2001. Defense factors of vaginal lactobacilli. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 185:375-379.
6. Bartosch, S., F. Alemu, G. T. Macfarlane, and M. E. T. McMurdo. 2004. Characterization of bacterial communities in feces from healthy elderly volunteers and hospitalized patients by using real-time PCR and effects of antibiotic treatment on the fecal microbiota. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 3575-3581.
7. Bassam, B. J., G. Caetano-Anolles, and P. M. Gresshoff. 1991. Fast and sensitive silver staining of DNA in Polyacrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 196:80-83.
8. 2-producing Lactobacillus among women with bacterial vaginosis. J. Infect. Dis. 191:924-929.
9. Burton, J. P., and G. Reid. 2002. Evaluation of the bacterial vaginal flora of 20 postmenopausal women by direct (Nugent score) and molecular (polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) techniques. J. Infect. Dis. 186:1770-1780.
10. Burton, J. P., P. A. Cadieux, and G. Reid. 2003. Improved understanding of the bacterial vaginal microbiota of women before and after probiotic instillation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:97-101.
11. Convert, M., G. Martinetti Lucchini, M. Dolina, and J. C. Piffaretti. 2005. Comparison of LightCycler PCR and culture for detection of group B streptococci from vaginal swabs. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 11:1022-1026.
12. Coolen, M. J. L., E. Post, C. C. Davis, and L. J. Forney. 2005. Characterization of microbial communities found in the human vagina by analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:8729-8737.
13. Devillard, E., J. P. Burton, J. Hammon, D. Lam, and G. Reid. 2004. Novel insight into the vaginal microflora in postmenopausal women under hormone replacement therapy as analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 117:76-81.
14. Devillard, E., J. P. Burton, and G. Reid. 2005. Complexity of vaginal microflora as analyzed by PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in a patient with recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 13:25-31.
15. Donders, G. G. G., A. Vereecken, E. Bosmans, A. Dekeersmaecker, G. Salembier, and B. Spitz. 2002. Definition of a type of abnormal vaginal flora that is distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobic vaginitis. BJOG 109:34-43.
16. Eschenbach, D. A., P. R. Davick, B. L. Williams, S. J. Klebanoff, K. Young-Smith, C. M. Critchlow, and K. K. Holmes. 1989. Prevalence of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus species in normal women and women with bacterial vaginosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:251-256.
17. Eschenbach, D. A. 1993. History and review of bacterial vaginosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 169:441-445.
18. Falsen, E., C. Pascual, B. Sjoden, M. Ohlen, and M. D. Collins. 1999. Phenotypic and phylogenetic characterization of a novel Lactobacillus species from human sources: description of Lactobacillus iners sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49:217-221.
19. Foxman, B., R. Barlow, H. D'Arcy, B. Gillespie, and J. D. Sobel. 2000. Candida vaginitis: self-reported incidence and associated costs. Sex. Transm. Dis. 27:230-235.
20. Fredericks, D. N., T. L. Fiedler, and J. M. Marrazzo. 2005. Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 353:1899-1911.
21. Heilig, H. G. H. J., E. G. Zoetendal, E. E. Vaughan, P. Marteau, A. D. L. Akkermans, and W. M. de Vos. 2002. Molecular diversity of Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria in the human intestine as determined by specific amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:114-123.
22. Hill, L. H., H. Ruparelia, and J. A. Embel. 1983. Non specific vaginitis and other genital infections in three clinic populations. Sex. Transm. Dis. 10:114-118.
23. Hillier, S. H., and K. K. Holmers. 1990. Bacterial vaginosis, p. 547-559. In K. K. Holmes, P. A. Mardh, and P. F. Sparling (ed.), Sexually transmitted diseases, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
24. Hyman, R. W., M. Fukushima, L. Diamond, J. Kumm, L. C. Giudice, and R. W. Davis. 2005. Microbes of human vaginal epithelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:7952-7957.
25. Larsen, B., and G. R. Monif. 2001. Understanding the bacterial flora of female genital tract. Clin. Infect. Dis. 32:e69-e77.
26. Malinen, E., T. Rinttila, K. Kajander, J. Matto, A. Kassinen, L. Krogius, M. Saarela, R. Korpela, and A. Palva. 2005. Analysis of the fecal microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome patients and healthy controls with real-time PCR. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 100:373-382.
27. Matsuki, T., K. Watanabe, J. Fujimoto, Y. Kado, T. Takada, K. Matsumoto, and R. Tanaka. 2004. Quantitative PCR with 16S rRNA-gene-targeted species-specific primers for analysis of human intestinal bifidobacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:167-173.
28. McLean, N. W., and I. J. Rosenstein. 2000. Characterization and selection of a Lactobacillus species to re-colonize the vagina of women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis. J. Med. Microbiol. 49:543-552.
29. Myer, L., L. Kuhn, Z. A. Stein, T. C. Wright, and L. Denny. 2005. Intravaginal practices, bacterial vaginosis, and women's susceptibility to HIV infection: epidemiological evidence and biological mechanisms. Lancet Infect. Dis. 5:786-794.
30. Ronnqvist, P. D., U. B. Forsgren-Brusk, and E. E. Grahn-Hakansson. 2006. Lactobacilli in the female genital tract in relation to other genital microbes and vaginal pH. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 85:726-735.
31. Sakamoto, M., Y. Takeuchi, M. Umeda, I. Ishikawa, and Y. Benno. 2001. Rapid detection and quantification of five periodontopathic bacteria by real-time PCR. Microbiol. Immunol. 45:39-44.
32. Sobel, J. D. 2002. Pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep. 4:514-519.
33. Sobel, J. D., and W. Chaim. 1996. Vaginal microbiology of women with acute recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:2497-2499.
34. Song, Y.-L., N. Kaco, Y. Matsumiya, C.-X. Liu, H. Katu, and K. Watanabe. 1999. Identification of and hydrogen peroxide production by fecal and vaginal lactobacilli isolated from Japanese women and newborn infants. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:3062-3064.
35. Vasquez, A., T. Jakobsson, S. Ahrne, U. Forsum, and G. Molin. 2002. Vaginal Lactobacillus flora of healthy Swedish women. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 2746-2749.
36. Verstraelen, H., R. Verhelst, G. Claeys, M. Temmerman, and M. Vaneechoutte. 2004. Culture-independent analysis of vaginal microflora: the unrecognized association of Atopobium vaginae with bacterial vaginosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 191:1130-1132.
37. Vonhoutte, T., V. D. Preter, E. D. Brandt, K. Verbeke, J. Swings, and G. Huys. 2006. Molecular monitoring of the fecal microbiota of healthy human subjects during administration of lactulose and Saccharomyces boulardii. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:5990-5997.
38. Walter, J., G. W. Tannock, A. Tilsala-Timisjarvi, S. Rodtong, D. M. Loach, K. Munro, and Y. Alatossava. 2000. Detection and identification of gastrointestinal Lactobacillus species by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and species-specific PCR primers. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 297-303.
39. Watts, D. H., M. Fazarri, H. Minkoff, S. L. Hillier, B. Sha, M. Glesby, A. M. Levine, R. Burk, J. M. Palefsky, M. Moxley, L. Ahdieh-Grant, and H. D. Strickler. 2005. Effects of bacterial vaginosis and other genital infections on the natural history of human Papillomavirus infection in HIV-1-infected and high-risk HIV-1-uninfected women. J. Infect. Dis. 191:1129-1139.
40. Zariffard, M. R., M. Saifuddin, B. E. Sha, and G. T. Spear. 2002. Detection of bacterial vaginosis-related organisms by real-time PCR for lactobacilli, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 34:277-281.
41. Zhou, X., S. J. Bent, M. G. Schneider, C. C. Davis, M. R. Islam, and L. J. Forney. 2004. Characterization of vaginal microbial communities in adult healthy women using cultivation-independent methods. Microbiology 150: 2565-2573.