The heterogeneity of epithelial ovarian cancers: Reconciling old and new paradigms

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine

Volumn 9, Issue 13, 2007, Pages 1-12

  Naora, Honami ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN; PROTEIN P53; UVOMORULIN;

CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER STEM CELL; CARCINOGENESIS; EPITHELIUM CELL; EPITHELIUM OVARY CANCER; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HOX GENE; HUMAN; METASTASIS; NONHUMAN; ONCOGENE; OVARY CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

CELL LINEAGE; EPITHELIAL CELLS; FEMALE; HUMANS; OVARIAN NEOPLASMS;

EID: 34548580824     PISSN: 14623994     EISSN: 14623994     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1462399407000324     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Jemal, A. et al. (2007) Cancer statistics, 2007. CA Cancer J Clin 57, 43-66
2. Bast, R.C., Jr. et al. (2005) New tumor markers: CA125 and beyond. Int J Gynecol Cancer 15 (Suppl 3), 274-281
3. Clements, P.B. and Young, R.H., eds (2000) Atlas of Gynecologic Surgical Pathology, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia
4. Seidman, J.D. et al. (2004) The histologic type and stage distribution of ovarian carcinomas of surface epithelial origin. Int J Gynecol Pathol 23, 41-44
5. Young, R.H. and Scully, R.E. (2001) Differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors based primarily on their patterns and cell types. Semin Diag Pathol 18, 161-235
6. Kaku, T. et al. (2003) Histological classification of ovarian cancer. Med Electron Microsc 36, 9-17
7. Auersperg, N. et al. (1994) Characterization of cultured human ovarian surface epithelial cells: Phenotypic plasticity and premalignant changes. Lab Invest 71, 510-518
8. Auersperg, N. et al. (2001) Ovarian surface epithelium: Biology, endocrinology, and pathology. Endocr Rev 22, 255-288
9. Feeley, K.M. and Wells, M. (2001) Precursor lesions of ovarian epithelial malignancy. Histopathology 38, 87-95
10. Maines-Bandiera, S.L. and Auersperg, N. (1997) Increased E-cadherin expression in ovarian surface epithelium: An early step in metaplasia and dysplasia? Int J Gynecol Pathol 16, 250-255
11. Davies, B.R., Worsley, S.D. and Ponder, B.A.J. (1998) Expression of E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, and beta-catenin in normal ovarian surface epithelium and epithelial ovarian cancers. Histopathology 32, 69-80
12. Inoue, M. et al. (1992) Expression of E-cadherin in normal, benign, and malignant tissues of female genital organs. Anat Pathol 98, 76-80
13. Sundfeldt, K. et al. (1997) E-cadherin expression in human epithelial ovarian cancer and normal ovary. Int J Cancer 74, 275-280
14. Birchmeier, W. and Behrens, J. (1994) Cadherin expression in carcinomas: role in the formation of cell junctions and the prevention of invasiveness. Biochim Biophys Acta 1198, 11-26
15. Thiery, J.P (2002) Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in tumor progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2, 442-454
16. Kobayashi, A. and Behringer, R.R. (2003) Developmental genetics of the female reproductive tract in mammals. Nat Rev Genet 4, 969-980
17. Guioli, S., Sekido, R. and Lovell-Badge, R. (2007) The origin of the Mullerian duct in chick and mouse. Dev Biol 302, 389-398.
18. Mittal, K.R. et al. (1993) Contralateral ovary in unilateral ovarian carcinoma: A search for preneoplastic lesions. Int J Gynecol Pathol 12, 59-63.
19. Tresserra, F. et al. (1998) Histological features of the contralateral ovary in patients with unilateral ovarian cancer: A case control study. Gynecol Oncol 71, 437-441
20. Salazar, H. et al. (1996) Microscopic benign and invasive malignant neoplasms and a cancer-prone phenotype in prophylactic oophorectomies. J Natl Cancer Inst 88, 1810-1820
21. Piek, J.M.J., Kenemans, P. and Verheijen, R.H.M. (2004) Intraperitoneal serous adenocarcinoma: A critical appraisal of three hypotheses on its cause. Am J Obstet Gynecol 191, 718-732
22. Crum, C.P. et al. (2007) The distal fallopian tube: A new model for pelvic serous carcinogenesis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 19, 3-9
23. Colgan, T.J. et al. (2001) Occult carcinoma in prophylactic oophorectomy specimens. Prevalence and association with BRCA germline mutation status. Am J Surg Pathol 25, 1283-1289
24. Paley, P.J. et al. (2001) Occult cancer of the fallopian tube in BRCA1 germline mutation carriers at prophylactic oophorectomy: A case for recommending hysterectomy at surgical prophylaxis. Gynecol Oncol 80, 176-180
25. Lee, Y. et al. (2007) A candidate precursor to serous carcinoma that originates in the distal fallopian tube. J Pathol 211, 26-35
26. Young, R.H., Gilks, C.B. and Scully, R.E. (1991) Mucinous tumors of the appendix associated mucinous tumors of the ovary and pseudomyxoma peritonei. A clinicopathological analysis of 22 cases supporting an origin in the appendix. Am J Surg Pathol 15, 415-429
27. Dubeau, L. (1999) The cell of origin of ovarian epithelial tumors and the ovarian surface epithelium dogma: Does the emperor have no clothes? Gynecol Oncol 72, 437-442
28. Sainz de la Cuesta, R. et al. (1996) Histologic transformation of benign endometriosis to early epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 60, 238-244
29. Ogawa, S. et al. (2000) Ovarian endometriosis associated with ovarian carcinoma: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. Gynecol Oncol 77, 298-304
30. Prowse, A.H. et al. (2006) Molecular genetic evidence that endometriosis is a precursor of ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 119, 556-562
31. Sato, N. et al. (2000) Loss of heterozygosity on 10q23.3 and mutation of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN in benign endometrial cyst of the ovary: possible sequence progression from benign endometrial cyst to endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Cancer Res 60, 7052-7056
32. Dinulescu, D.M. et al. (2005) Role of K-ras and Pten in the development of mouse models of endometriosis and endometrioid ovarian cancer. Nat Med 11, 63-70
33. Vercellini, P. et al. (1994) Analysis of p53 and ras gene mutations in endometriosis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 38, 70-71
34. Connolly, D.C. et al. (2003) Female mice chimeric for expression of the simian virus 40 TAg under control of the MISIIR promoter develop epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 63, 1389-1397
35. Flesken-Nikitin, A. et al. (2003) Induction of carcinogenesis by concurrent inactivation of p53 and Rb1 in the mouse ovarian surface epithelium. Cancer Res 63, 3459-3463
36. Orsulic, S. et al. (2002) Induction of ovarian cancer by defined multiple genetic changes in a mouse model system. Cancer Cell 1, 53-62
37. Schwartz, D.R. et al. (2002) Gene expression in ovarian cancer reflects both morphology and biological behavior, distinguishing clear cell from other poor-prognosis ovarian carcinomas. Cancer Res 62, 4722-4729
38. Lu, K.H. et al. (2004) Selection of potential markers for epithelial ovarian cancer with gene expression arrays and recursive descent partition analysis. Clin Cancer Res 10, 3291-3300
39. Zorn, K.K. et al. (2005) Gene expression profiles of serous, endometrioid and clear cell subtypes of ovarian and endometrial cancer. Clin Cancer Res 11, 6422-6430
40. Heinzelmann-Schwarz, V.A. et al. (2006) A distinct molecular profile associated with mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 94, 904-913
41. Shih, I.M. and Kurman, R.J. (2004) Ovarian tumorigenesis: A proposed model based on morphological and molecular genetic analysis. Am J Pathol 164, 1511-1518
42. Singer, G. et al. (2003) Mutations in BRAF and KRAS characterize the development of low-grade ovarian serous carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 95, 484-486
43. Enomoto, et al. (1991) K-ras activation occurs frequently in mucinous adenocarcinomas and rarely in other common epithelial tumors of the ovary. Am J Pathol 139, 777-785
44. Obata, K. et al. (1998) Frequent PTEN/MMAC mutations in endometrioid but not serous or mucinous epithelial ovarian tumors. Cancer Res 58, 2095-2097
45. Palacios, J. and Gamallo, C. (1998) Mutations in the beta-catenin gene (CTNNB1) in endometrioid ovarian carcinomas. Cancer Res 58, 1344-1347
46. Tashiro, H. et al. (1997) Mutations in PTEN are frequent in endometrioid carcinoma but rare in other common gynecological malignancies. Cancer Res 57, 3935-3940
47. Lax, S.F. et al. (2000) The frequency of p53, K-ras mutations and microsatellite instability differs in uterine endometrioid and serous carcinoma. Cancer 88, 814-824
48. Auersperg, N. and Roskelley, C. (1991) Retroviral oncogenes: interrelationships between neoplastic transformation and cell differentiation. Crit Rev Oncog 2, 125-160
49. Hoffman, A.G. et al. (1993) An in vitro model of ovarian epithelial carcinogenesis: Changes in cell-cell communication and adhesion occurring during neoplastic progression. Int J Cancer 54, 828-838
50. Zheng, J. et al. (1995) Genetic disparity between morphologically benign cysts contiguous to ovarian carcinomas and solitary cystadenomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 87, 1146-1153
51. Cheng, E.J. et al. (2004) Molecular genetic analysis of ovarian serous cystadenomas. Lab Invest 84, 778-784
52. Mark, M., Rijh, F.M. and Chambon, P. (1997) Homeobox genes in embryogenesis and pathogenesis. Pediatr Res 42, 421-429
53. Pearson, J.C., Lemons, D. and McGinnis, W. (2005) Modulating HOX gene functions during animal body patterning. Nat Rev Genet 6, 893-904
54. Gehring, W.J. and Hiromi, Y. (1986) Homeotic genes and the homeobox. Annu Rev Genet 20, 147-173
55. Taylor, H.S., Vanden Heuvel, G.B. and Igarashi, P. (1997) A conserved Hox axis in the mouse and human female reproductive system: Late establishment and persistent adult expression of the Hoxa cluster genes. Biol Reprod 57, 1338-1345
56. Cheng, W. et al. (2005) Lineage infidelity of epithelial ovarian cancers is controlled by HOX genes that specify regional identity in the reproductive tract. Nat Med 11, 531-537
57. Benson, G.V, et al. (1996) Mechanisms of reduced fertility in Hoxa-10 mutant mice: Uterine homeosis and loss of maternal Hoxa-10 expression. Development 122, 2687-2696
58. Gendron, R.L. et al. (1997) Abnormal uterine stromal and glandular function associated with maternal reproductive defects in Hoxa-11 null mice. Biol Reprod 56, 1097-1105.
59. Fraggetta, F. et al. (2003) CDX2 immunoreactivity in primary and metastatic ovarian mucinous tumors. Virch Arch 443, 782-786
60. Groisman, G.M., Meir, A. and Sabo, E. (2003) The value of Cdx2 immunostaining in differentiating primary ovarian carcinomas from colonic carcinomas metastatic to the ovaries. Int J Gynecol Pathol 23, 52-57
61. Naora, H. (2005) Developmental patterning in the wrong context. The paradox of epithelial ovarian cancers. Cell Cycle 4, 1033-1035
62. Li, C.I., Uribe, D.J. and Dating, J.R. (2005) Clinical characteristics of different histologic types of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 93, 1046-1052
63. Bonnet, D. and Dick, J.E. (1997) Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nat Med 3, 730-737
64. Al-Hajj, M. et al. (2003) Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 3983-3988
65. Singh, S.K. et al. (2004) Identification of human brain tumor initiating cells. Nature 432, 396-401
66. Bapat, S.A. et al. (2005) Stem and progenitor-like cells contribute to the aggressive behavior of human epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 65, 3025-3029
67. Szotek, P.P. et al. (2006) Ovarian cancer side population defines cells with stem cell-like characteristics and Müllerian inhibiting substance responsiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, 11154-11159
68. Pardal, R., Clarke, M.F. and Morrison, S.J. (2003) Applying the principles of stem-cell biology to cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 3, 895-902
69. Sell, S. (2004) Stem cell origin of cancer and differentiation therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 51, 1-28
70. Miller, S.J., Lavker, R.M. and Sun, T-T. (2005) Interpreting epithelial cancer biology in the context of stem cells: Tumor properties and therapeutic implications. Biochim. Biophys Acta 1756, 25-52
71. Karlan, B.Y. et al. (1995). Steroid hormone effects on the proliferation of human ovarian surface epithelial cells in vitro. Am J Obstet Gynecol 173, 97-104
72. Burleson, K.M. et al. (2004) Ovarian carcinoma ascites; spheroids adhere to extracellular matrix components and mesothelial. cell monolayers. Gynecol Oncol 93, 170-181
73. Fidler, I.J. (2003) The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: The 'seed and soil' hypothesis revisited: Nat Rev Cancer 3, 453-458
74. Pantel, K. and Brackenhoff, R.H. (2004) Dissecting the metastatic cascade. Nat Rev Cancer 4, 448-456
75. Naora, H. and Montell, D.J. (2005) Ovarian cancer metastasis: Integrating insights from disparate. model organisms. Nat Rev Cancer 5, 355-366
76. Wu, R. et al. (2007) Mouse model of human ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma based on somatic defects in the Wnt/beta-Catenin and PI3K/ Pten signaling pathways. Cancer Cell 11, 321-333