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Pd/C catalyst employed in this study was purchased from Degussa Japan Co., Ltd except Pd/C D4 (Ka waken Fine Chemicals). The catalysts are commercially available. The Pd/C catalysts tested in this study have three types of Pd distribution: eggshell, thickshell and uniform. In the eggshell type catalyst, Pd distributes close to the surface within 50-150 nm depth. Pd disperses homogeneously in the uniform type catalyst. The thickshell type catalyst denotes the one whose Pd distributes until 200-500 nm from the surface.
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Pd/C catalyst employed in this study was purchased from Degussa Japan Co., Ltd except Pd/C D4 (Ka waken Fine Chemicals). The catalysts are commercially available. The Pd/C catalysts tested in this study have three types of Pd distribution: eggshell, thickshell and uniform. In the eggshell type catalyst, Pd distributes close to the surface within 50-150 nm depth. Pd disperses homogeneously in the uniform type catalyst. The thickshell type catalyst denotes the one whose Pd distributes until 200-500 nm from the surface.
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