Earth's anthrobiogeochemical copper cycle

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2007, Pages

  Rauch, Jason N ^a   Graedel, T E ^a  

^a Yale University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; COPPER; GEOLOGICAL REPOSITORIES; MOON;

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; COPPER; EXTRACTION;

EID: 34548246597     PISSN: 08866236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006GB002850     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. Allegre, C. J., J. P. Poirier, E. Humler, and A. W. Hofmann (1995), The chemical composition of the Earth, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 134, 515-526.
2. Andreae, M. O. (1991), Biomass burning: Its history, us, and distribution and its impact on environmental quality and global climate, in Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications, edited by J. S. Levine, pp. 3-21, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
3. Andreae, M. O., and P. Merlet (2001), Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 15, 955-966.
4. Artaxo, P., R. Calixto de Campos, E. T. Fernandes, J. V. Martins, Z. Xiao, O. Lindqvist, M. T. Fernandez-Jimenez, and W. Maenhaut (2000), Large scale mercury and trace element measurements in the Amazon basin, Atmos. Environ., 34, 4085-4096.
5. Bassin, C., G. Laske, and G. Masters (2000), The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America, Eos Trans. AGU, 81(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., F897.
6. Bertine, K. K., and E. D. Goldberg (1971), Fossil fuel combustion and the major sedimentary cycle, Science, 173, 233-235.
7. Bertram, M., T. E. Graedel, H. Rechberger, and S. Spatari (2002), The contemporary European copper cycle: Waste management subsystem, Ecol. Econ., 42, 43-57.
8. Bluth, G. J. S., C. C. Schnetzler, A. J. Krueger, and L. S. Walter (1993), The contribution of explosive volcanism to global atmospheric sulphur dioxide concentrations, Nature, 366, 327-329.
9. Brennan, R. F., and M. D. A. Boland (2004), Comparing copper requirements of canola, albus lupin, durum wheat and spring wheat grown on alkaline soils, Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 44, 921-929.
10. Carey, A. E., C. A. Nezat, W. B. Lyons, S. J. Kao, D. M. Hicks, and J. S. Owen (2002), Trace metal fluxes to the ocean: The importance of high-standing oceanic islands, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(23), 2099, doi:10.1029/2002GL015690.
11. Clark, W. C. (Ed.) (1982), Carbon Dioxide Review, Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
12. Clarke, L. B., and L. L. Sloss (1992), Trace Elements - Emissions from Coal Combustion and Gasification, IEA Coal Res., London.
13. Davies, D. J., and B. G. Bennett (1985), Exposure of man to environmental copper - An exposure commitment assessment, Sci. Total Environ., 46, 215-227.
14. de Vries, W., P. F. A. M. Romkens, T. van Leeuwen, and J. J. B. Bronswijk (2002), Heavy metals, in Agriculture, Hydrology, and Water Quality, edited by P. M. Haygarth and S. C. Jarvis, pp. 107-132, CAB Int., New York.
15. Dias, G. M., and G. C. Edwards (2003), Differentiating natural and anthropogenic sources of metals to the environment, Human Ecol. Risk Assess., 9(4), 699-721.
16. Duce, R. A., et al. (1991), The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 5, 193-259.
17. Dyrud, L. P., K. Denney, J. Urbina, D. Janches, E. Kudeki, and S. Franke (2004), The meteor flux: It depends how you look, Earth Moon Planets, 95(1-4), 89-100.
18. Falkowski, P., et al. (2000), The global carbon cycle: A test of our knowledge of Earth as a system, Science, 290, 291-296.
19. Feiler, H. (1980), Fate of priority pollutants in publicly owned treatment works, Interim Rep. EPA-440/1-80/301, U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Washington, D. C.
20. Field, C., M. Behrenfeld, J. Randerson, and P. Falkowski (1998), Primary production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components, Science, 281, 237-240.
21. Galloway, J. N., et al. (2004), Nitrogen cycles: Past, present, and future, Biogeochemistry, 70, 153-226.
22. Garrels, R. M., and F. T. Mackenzie (1972), A quantitative model for the sedimentary rock cycle, Mar. Chem., 1, 27-41.
23. Georgopoulos, P. G., A. Roy, M. J. Yonone-Lioy, R. E. Opiekun, and J. Lioy (2001), Environmental copper: Its dynamics and human exposure issues, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part B, 4, 341-394.
24. Gleick, P. H. (2000), The World's Water, 335 pp., Island Press, Washington, D. C.
25. Goldemberg, J. (Ed.) (2000), World Energy Assessment, U. N. Dev. Programme, New York.
26. Gong, S. L., L. A. Barrie, and M. Lazure (2002), Canadian Aerosol Module (CAM): A size-segregated simulation of atmospheric aerosol processes for climate and air quality models: 2. Global sea-salt aerosol and its budgets, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), 4779, doi: 10.1029/ 2001JD002004.
27. Gordon, R. B. (2002), Production residues in copper technological cycles, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 36, 87-106.
28. Gordon, R. B., M. Bertram, and T. E. Graedel (2006), Metal stocks and sustainability, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 103(5), 1209-1214.
29. Graedel, T. E., et al. (2004), Multilevel cycle of anthropogenic copper, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 1242-1252.
30. Graedel, T. E., et al. (2005), Multilevel cycle of anthropogenic zinc, J. Ind. Ecol., 9(3), 67-90.
31. Gutenmann, W., M. Rutzke, T. Kuntz, and D. Lisk (1994), Elements and polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage sludges of large cities in the United States, Chemosphere, 28, 725-728.
32. Han, F. X., A. Banin, Y. Su, D. L. Monts, M. J. Plodinec, W. L. Kingery, and G. E. Triplett (2002), Industrial age anthropogenic inputs of heavy metals into the pedosphere, Naturwissenschaften, 89, 497-504.
33. Harris, G. (1998), An analysis of global fertilizer application rates for major crops, paper presented at IFA Annual Conference, Int. Fertil. Dev. Cent., Toronto, Ont., Canada.
34. Hewitt, E. J., and T. A. Smith (1975), Plant Mineral Nutrition, Eng. Univ. Press, London.
35. Hinkley, T. K. (1991), Distribution of metals between particulate and gascous forms in a volcanic plume, Bull Volcanol., 53, 395-400.
36. Hinkley, T. K., P. J. Lamothe, S. A. Wilson, D. L. Finnegan, and T. M. Gerlach (1999), Metal emissions from Kilauea, and a suggested revision of the estimated worldwide metal output by quiescent degassing of volcanoes, Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 170, 315-325.
37. Hong, S., J. Candelone, C. Turetta, and C. F. Boutron (1996), Changes in natural lead, copper, zinc, and cadmium concentrations in central Greenland ice from 8250 to 149100 years ago: Their association with climatic changes and resultant variations of dominant source contributions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 143, 233-244.
38. Hussam, A., M. Habibuddowla, M. Alauddin, Z. A. Hossain, A. K. M. Munir, and A. H. Khan (2003), Chemical fate of arsenic and other metals in groundwater of Bangladesh: Experimental measurement and chemical equilibrium model, J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A, 38(1), 71-86.
39. International Copper Study Group (2004), Copper Bulletin Yearbook, 24 pp., Lisbon, Portugal.
40. Jickells, T. D., et al. (2005), Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate, Science, 308, 67-71.
41. Johnson, J., et al. (2005), Contemporary anthropogenic silver cycle: A multilevel analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4655-4665.
42. Kapur, A. (2004), The future of the red metal: Scenario analysis and implications for policy, Ph.D. thesis, 156 pp., Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn.
43. Karner, D. B., J. Levine, R. A. Muller, F. Asaro, M. Ram, and M. R. Stolz (2003), Extraterrestrial accretion from the GISP2 ice core, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67, 751-763.
44. Klee, R. J., and T. E. Graedel (2004), Elemental cycles: A status report on human or natural dominance, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 29, 69-107.
45. Landner, L., and L. Lindeström (1998), Koppar i samhälle och miljö, Miljöforskargruppen (MFG), Stockholm.
46. Lantzy, R. J., and F. T. Mackenzie (1979), Atmospheric trace metals: Global cycles and assessment of man's impact, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 43, 511-525.
47. Li, Y. H. (1991), Distribution patterns of the elements in the ocean - A synthesis, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55, 3223-3240.
48. Lisk, D. J., W. H. Gutenmann, M. Rutzke, H. T. Kuntz, and G. Chu (1992), Survey of toxicants and nutrients in composted waste materials, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 22, 190-194.
49. Ludwig, J., L. T. Marufu, B. Huber, M. O. Andreae, and G. Helas (2003), Domestic combustion of biomass fuels in developing countries: A major source of atmospheric pollutants, J. Atmos. Chem., 44, 23-37.
50. Mackenzie, F. T., A. Lerman, and A. J. Andersson (2004), Past and present of sediment and carbon biogeochemical cycling models, Biogeosciences, 1, 11-32.
51. Martin, J. M., and M. Meybeck (1979), Elemental mass-balance of material carried by major world rivers, Mar. Chem., 7, 173-206.
52. Martin, J. M., and A. J. Thomas (1994), The global insignificance of telluric input of dissolved trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni and zn) to ocean margins, Mar. Chem., 46, 165-178.
53. Martin, J. M., D. M. Guan, F. Elbazpoulichet, A. J. Thomas, and V. V. Gordeev (1993), Preliminary assessment of the distributions of some trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Ph, and Zn) in a pristine aquatic environment - The Lena River estuary (Russia), Mar. Chem., 43, 185-199.
54. McDonough, W. F. (1998), Earth's core, in Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, edited by C. P. Marshall and R. W. Fairbridge, pp. 151-156, Springer, New York.
55. McLennan, S. (1995), Sediments and soils: Chemistry and abundances, in Rock Physics and Phase Relations: A Handbook of Physical Constants, AGU Ref. Shelf, vol. 3, edited by T. J. Ahrens, pp. 8-20, AGU, Washington, D. C.
56. Mohr, K. F. (1875), Geschichte der Erde, Verlag Max Cohen and Sohn, Bonn, Germany.
57. Molnar, P. (2001), Climate change, flooding in and environments, and erosion rates, Geology, 29(12), 1071-1074.
58. Moolenaar, S. W. (1999), Heavy-metal balances, part II: Management of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in European agro-ecosystems, J. Ind. Ecol., 3(1), 41-53.
59. Moolenaar, S., and T. Lexmond (2000), Applications of dynamic balances in agricultural systems, in Heavy Metals: A Problem Solved?, edited by E. van der Voet, J. B. Guinée, and H. A. Udo de Haes, pp. 139-152, Springer, New York.
60. Morgan, J. W., J. Hertogen, and E. Anders (1978), The Moon: Composition determined by nebular processes, Earth Moon Planets, 18(4), 465-478.
61. Mumma, R. O., et al. (1984), National survey of elements and other constituents in municipal sewage sludges, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 13, 75-83.
62. Nozaki, Y. (1997), A fresh look at element distribution in the North Pacific, Eos Trans. AGU, 78, 221-223.
63. Nriagu, J. O. (1979), The global copper cycle, in Copper in the Environment, vol. 1, Ecological Cycling, edited by J. O. Nriagu, pp. 1-17, John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
64. Nriagu, J. O. (1990), Human influence on the global cycling of trace metals, Paleogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 82, 113-120.
65. Nriagu, J. O., and J. M. Pacyna (1988), Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals, Nature, 333, 134-139.
66. Nriagu, J. O., G. Lawson, H. K. T. Wong, and V. Cheam (1996), Dissolved trace metals in Lakes Superior, Erie, and Ontario, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 178-187.
67. Opiela, J. N. (2006), A study of the material density distribution of space debris, paper presented at 36th Annual Meeting, COSPAR Sci. Assembly, Beijing.
68. Pacyna, J. M., and E. G. Pacyna (2001), An assessment of global and regional emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources worldwide, Environ. Rev., 9, 269-298.
69. Pacyna, J. M., M. T. Schultz, and Y. F. Li (1995), Global budget of trace metal sources, Environ. Rev., 3, 145-159.
70. Page, G. W. (1981), Comparison of groundwater and surface contamination by toxic substances, Environ. Sci. Technol., 15, 1475-1481.
71. Palme, H., and H. C. St. O'Neill (2004), Cosmochemical estimates of mantle composition, in Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 2, edited by H. D. Holland and K. K. Turekian, pp. 1-38, Elsevier, New York.
72. Park, H., and W. H. Schlesinger (2002), Global biogeochemical cycle of boron, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(4), 1072, doi:10.1029/ 2001GB001766.
73. Parkes, R. J., B. A. Cragg, S. J. Bale, J. M. Getlifff, K. Goodman, P. A. Rochelle, J. C. Fry, A. J. Weightman, and S. M. Harvey (1994), Deep bacterial biosphere in Pacific Ocean sediments, Nature, 371, 410-413.
74. Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B. (1996), Accretion of extraterrestrial matter during the last 80 million years and its effect on the marine osmium isotope record, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 3187-3196.
75. Planer-Friedrich, B., and B. J. Merkel (2006), Volatile metals and metalloids in hydrothermal gases, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 3181-3187.
76. Plank, T., and C. H. Langmuir (1998), The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle, Chem. Geol., 145, 325-394.
77. Porterfield, W. W. (1984), Inorganic Chemistry: A Unified Approach, Addison-Wesley, Boston, Mass.
78. Poulton, S. W., and R. Raiswell (2000), Solid phase associations, oceanic fluxes and the anthropogenic perturbation of transition metals in world river particulates, Mar Chem., 72, 17-31.
79. Poulton, S. W., and R. Raiswell (2002), The low-temperature geochemical cycle of iron: From continental fluxes to marine sediment deposition, Am. J. Sci., 302, 774-805.
80. Quinby-Hunt, M. S., and K. K. Turekian (1983), Distribution of elements in sea water, Eos Trans. AGU, 64, 130-132.
81. Rankama, K., and T. G. Sahama (1950), Geochemistry: A Survey of the Chemistry of the Earth, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill.
82. Reymer, A., and G. Schubert (1984), Phanerozoic addition rates to the continental crust and crustal growth, Tectonics, 3, 63-77.
83. Richardson, G. M., R. Garrett, I. Mitchell, M. Mah-Paulson, and T. Hackbarth (2001), Critical review on natural global and regional emissions of six trace metals to the atmosphere: Report for ILZRO, ICA, & NiPERA, report, Risklogic Sci. Serv., Inc., Ottawa, Ont., Canada.
84. Ringwood, A. E. (1986), Terrestrial origin of the Moon, Nature, 322, 323-328.
85. Rodhe, H. (1992), Modeling biogeochemical cycles, in Global Biogeochemical Cycles, edited by S. S. Butcher et al., pp. 55-72, Elsevier, New York.
86. Ross, S. A. (1995), Global Waste Survey: Final Report - 1995, Int. Mar. Org., London.
87. Rossi, A. (1997). Long term evolution of Earth orbiting debris, in Dynamics and Astrometry of Natural and Artficial Celestial Bodies: Proceedings of IAU Colloquium 165, edited by I. M. Wytrzyszczak, J. H. Lieske, and R. A. Feldman, pp. 367-374, Springer, New York.
88. Rudnick, R. L., and D. M. Fountain (1995), Nature and composition of the continental crust: A lower crustal perspective, Rev. Geophys., 33(3), 267-309.
89. Rudnick, R. L., and S. Gao (2003), The composition of the continental crust, in Treatise on Geochemistiy, vol. 3, edited by H. D. Holland and K. K. Turekian, pp. 1-64, Elsevier, New York.
90. Salters, V. J., and A. Stracke (2004), Composition of the depleted mantle, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q05B07, doi:10.1029/ 2003GC000597.
91. Sanders, P. G., N. Xu, T. M. Dalka, and M. M. Maricq (2003), Airborne brake wear debris: Size distributions, composition, and a comparison of dynamometer and vehicle tests, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 4060-4069.
92. Selbin, J. (1973), The origin of the chemical elements, J. Chem. Ed., 50, 306.
93. Sen, G. (2001), Earth's Materials: Minerals and Rocks, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, N. J.
94. Shaw, D. M., J. J. Cramer, M. D. Higgins, and M. G. Truscott (1986), Composition of the Canadian Precambrian shield and the continental crust of the Earth, in Geological Society Special Publications: The Nature of the Lower Continental Crust, edited by J. D. Dawson et al., pp. 275-282, Geol. Soc. of London, London.
95. Skinner, B. J., and S. C. Porter (1987), Physical Geology, John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
96. Smil, V. (2000), Phosphorus in the environment: Natural flows and human interferences, Annu. Rev. Energy Environ., 25, 53-88.
97. Stallard, R. F. (1998), Terrestrial sedimentation and the carbon cycle: Coupling weathering and erosion to carbon burial, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 12, 231-257.
98. Stigter, J. B., H. P. M. de Haan, R. Guicherit, C. P. A. Dekkers, and M. L. Daane (2000), Determination of cadmium, zinc, copper, chromium and arsenic in crude oil cargoes, Environ. Pollut., 107, 451-464.
99. Syvitskia, J. P. M., S. D. Peckhama, R. Hilbermana, and T. Mulderb (2003), Predicting the terrestrial flux of sediment to the global ocean: A planetary perspective, Sediment. Geol., 162, 5-24.
100. Taylor, S. R., and S. M. McLennan (1995), The geochemical evolution of the continental crust, Rev. Geophys., 33, 241-265.
101. United States Department of Agriculture (1998), Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 8th ed., Nat. Resour. Conserv. Serv., Washington, D. C.
102. Vitousek, P. M., P. R. Ehrlich, A. H. Ehrlich, and P. A. Matson (1986), Human appropriation of the products of photosynthesis, BioScience, 36(6), 368-373.
103. Wedepohl, K. H. (1995), The composition of the continental crust, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 1217-1232.
104. Wedepohl, K. H., and G. Hartmann (1994), The composition of the primitive upper earth's mantle, in Kimberlites, Related Rocks and Mantle Xenoliths, edited by H. O. A. Meyer and O. H. Leonardos, pp. 486-495, Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
105. Whittaker, R. H. (1975), Communities and Ecosystems, Macmillan, New York.
106. Wirsenius, S. (2003), The biomass metabolism of the food system, a model based survey of the global and regional turnover of food biomass, J. Ind. Ecol., 7(1), 47-80.
107. Yamasoe, M. A., P. Artaxo, A. H. Miguel, and A. G. Allen (2000), Chemical composition of aerosol particles from direct emissions of vegetation fires in the Amazon Basin: Water-soluble species and trace elements, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1641-1653.