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Until the launch of SeaWiFS in September 1997, there was no single instrument appropriate for estimating APAR in the oceans and on land at the global scale. For the oceans, there has been no color sensor at all since the end of the CZCS mission in 1986. For land, the AVHRR instruments aboard the NOAA satellites have been invaluable, even though their design was not optimized for vegetation monitoring.
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35
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Sea-surface temperatures are climatological averages from the U.S. Navy Marine Climatic Atlas (CD-ROM) (Naval Command Oceanographic Detachment Center, Asheville, NC, 1995), with processing described in (16).
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Seasonal maps of global NPP are available at www. sciencemag.org/feature/data/982246.shl
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49
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The CASA modeling activity has been supported through NASA's Earth Observing System program as part of an Interdisciplinary Science grant to P. J. Sellers and H. A. Mooney and a grant from the Western Regional Center of the Department of Energy National Institute for Global Environmental Change to C.B.F. The VGPM activity has been supported through NASA grants to P.F. and M.J.B. J.T.R. was supported by a NASA Earth System Science Graduate Student Fellowship. Thanks to A. Lowry, D. Kolber, Z. Kolber, M. Thompson, and C. Malmström for assistance in developing and exercising the models. This is Carnegie Institution of Washington Department of Plant Biology publication 1279.
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