The relationship between language learning strategies, proficiency, age and self-efficacy beliefs: A study of language learners in Botswana

System

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 338-352

  Magogwe, Joel Mokuedi ^a   Oliver, Rhonda ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA   (Botswana)

^b EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Age; Botswana; Language learning strategies; Level of education; Self efficacy beliefs

Indexed keywords

EID: 34547925207     PISSN: 0346251X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2007.01.003     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Bandura A. Recycling misconceptions of perceived self-efficacy. Cognitive Therapy and Research 8 (1984) 231-255
2. Bandura A., and Schunk D.H. Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41 (1981) 586-598
3. Carson J.G., and Longhini A. Focusing on learning styles and strategies: a diary study in an immersion setting. Language Learning 52 2 (2002) 401-438
4. Chamot A., and Kupper L. Learning strategies in foreign language instruction. Foreign Language Annals 22 1 (1989) 13-24
5. Chang, S.F., 1991. A study of language learning behaviours of Chinese students at the University of Georgia and the relation of those behaviours to oral proficiency and other factors. University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
6. Chen S.Q. A study of communication strategies in interlanguage production by Chinese EFL learners. Language Learning 40 (1990) 155-187
7. Ching L.C. Strategy and self-regulation instruction as contributors to Improving students' cognitive model in an ESL programme. English For Specific Purposes 13 (2002) 261-289
8. Cohen E.G. Teaching in multiculturally heterogeneous classrooms: findings from a model program. McGill Journal of Education 26 1 (1990) 7-23
9. Cohen A.D. Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language (1998), Longman, Essex, UK
10. Dreyer C. Learner Variables as Predictors of ESL Proficiency (1992), Potchefstroom University, South Africa
11. Ehrman M., and Oxford R. Effects of sex differences, career choice, and psychological type on adult language learning strategies. The Modern Language Journal 72 iii (1989) 253-265
12. Ehrman M., and Oxford R. Adult language learning strategies in an intensive training setting. The Modern Language Journal 74 3 (1990) 311-327
13. Feather N.T. Values, valences, and course enrollment: testing the role of personal values within an expectancy-valence framework. Journal of Educational Psychology 80 (1988) 381-391
14. Fincham F., and Cain K. Learned helplessness in humans: a developmental analysis. Developmental Review 6 (1986) 138-156
15. Goh C., and Kwah P.F. Chinese ESL students' learning strategies: a look at frequency, proficiency and gender. Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics 2 (1997) 39-53
16. Green M., and Oxford R. A closer look at learning strategies, L2 proficiency and gender. TESOL Quarterly 29 (1995) 261-297
17. Griffiths C. Patterns of language learning strategy use. System 31 3 (2003) 367-383
18. Halbach A. Finding out about students' learning strategies by looking at their diaries: a case study. System 28 (2000) 85-96
19. Hsiao T., and Oxford R. Comparing theories of language learning strategies: a confirmatory factor analysis. The Modern Language Journal 86 3 (2002) 368-383
20. Jinks, J.L., Morgan, V.L., 1999. Children's perceived academic self-efficacy: an inventory. Retrieved 13/9/2004, from http://www.coe.ilstu.edu/scienceed/jinks/efficacypub97.htm.
21. Khaldieh S.A. Learning strategies and writing processes of proficient vs. less-proficient learners of Arabic. Foreign Language Annals 33 5 (2000) 522-533
22. Mahlobo E.B. The relationship between standardised test performance and language learning strategies in English as s second language: a case study. Journal For Language Teaching 37 2 (2003) 164-176
23. Mullins, P. (1992). Successful English language strategies of students enrolled in the Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok Thailand. United States International University, San Diego, CA.
24. O'Malley J.M., and Chamot A. Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition (1990), CUP, Cambridge
25. O'Mara F., and Lett J. Foreign Language Learning and Retention: Interim Results of the Language Skill Change Project (1990), Advanced Technology, Inc., Reston, VA
26. Oxford R. Use of language learning strategies: a synthesis of studies with implications for strategy training. System 17 (1989) 235-247
27. Oxford R. Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know (1990), Newbury House, New York
28. Oxford R. Research on second language learning strategies. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 13 (1993) 175-187
29. Oxford R., and Burry-Stock J.A. Assessing the use of language learning strategies worldwide with the ESL/EFL version of the strategy inventory for language learning (SILL). System 23 1 (1995) 1-23
30. Oxford R., and Nyikos M. Variables affecting choice of language learning strategies by university students. The Modern Language Journal 73 ii (1989) 291-300
31. Pajares F., and Schunk D.H. Self-efficacy beliefs and school success: Self-efficacy, self-concept, and school achievement. Perception (2001), Ablex Publishing, London pp. 239-266
32. Pape S.J., and Wang C. Middle school children's strategic behavior: classification and relation to academic achievement and mathematical problem-solving. Instructional Science 31 (2003) 419-449
33. Phillips V. A look at learner strategy use and ESL proficiency. CATESOL Journal (1991) 57-67
34. Purdie N., and Oliver R. Language learning strategies used by bilingual school-aged children. System 27 (1999) 375-388
35. Rossiter, M.J., 2003. The effects of affective strategy training in the ESL classroom. Retrieved 13/9, 2004, from http:/www-writing.berkely.edu//tesl-ej/ej26/az.html.
36. Rubin J. What the good language learner can teach us. TESOL Quarterly 9 (1975) 41-51
37. Stern H.H. What can we learn from the good language learner?. Canadian Modern Language Review 31 (1975) 304-318
38. Taguchi T. Learner factors affecting the use of learning strategies in cross-cultural contexts. Prospect 17 2 (2002) 18-31
39. Twyford, C.W., 1988. Age-related factors in second language acquisition. Focus, 2.
40. Vidal R.J. Is there a correlation between reported language learning strategy use, actual strategy use and achievement?. Linguagem & Ensino 5 1 (2002) 43-73
41. Wang, C., 2004. Self-regulated learning strategies and self-efficacy beliefs of children learning English as a second language. Unpublished Ph.D., Ohio State University, Educational Theory and Practice.
42. Watanabe, Y., 1990. External variables affecting learning strategies of Japanese EFL learners: effects of entrance examination, years spent at college/university, and staying overseas. Unpublished master's thesis, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
43. Wharton G. Language learning strategy use of bilingual foreign language learners in Singapore. Language Learning 50 2 (2000) 203-243