When the world understands me... and my alignment with the group. From self-verification to verification of one's group identity

International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 213-236

  Gómez, Angel ^a   Morales, J Francisco ^a   Huici, Carmen ^a   Gaviria, Elena ^a   Jiménez, Juan ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Collective self verification; Group identity; Self verification; Social identity

Indexed keywords

EID: 34547841664     PISSN: 15777057     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (111)

1. Anseel F & Lievens, F. (in press). Certainty as a moderator of feedback reactions? A test of the strength of the self-verification motive. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.
2. Aronson E (1968). Dissonance theory: Progress and problems. In RP Abelson, E Aronson, WJ McGuire, TM Newcomb, MJ Rosenberg & PH Tannenbaum (Eds.), Theories of Cognitive Consistency: A Sourcebook (pp. 5-27). Chicago: Rand-McNally & Company
3. Aronson E & Carlsmith JM (1962). Performance expectancy as a determinant of actual performance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65, 178-182.
4. Baumeister RF & Tice DM (1990). Anxiety and social exclusion. Journal of Clinical and Social Psychology, 9, 165-195.
5. Blanz M, Mummendey A, Mielke R & Klink A (1998). Responding to negative social identity: A taxonomy of identity management strategies. European Journal Social Psychology, 28, 697-729.
6. Branscombe NR, Ellemers N, Spears R & Doosje B (1999). The context and content of social identity threats. In N Ellemers, R Spears & B Doosje (Eds.), Social Identity: Context, commitment, content, (pp. 35-58). Oxford: Blackwell.
7. Branscombe NR, Schmitt MT & Harvey RD (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African-Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 135-149.
8. Brewer M B (2001). The many faces of social identity: Implications for political psychology. Political Psychology, 22, 115-125.
9. Brewer MB & Caporael LR (1990). Selfish genes vs. selfish people: Sociobiology as origin myth. Motivation and Emotion, 14, 237-243.
10. Brown R (2000). Social Identity Theory: past achievements, current problems and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 745-778.
11. Byrne R & Whiten A (1988). Machiavellian intelligence. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
12. Campbell DT (1958). Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities. Behavioral Science, 3, 14-25.
13. Caporael LR, Dawes RM, Orbell JM & Van de Kragt A (1989). Selfishness examined: Cooperation in the absence of egoistic incentives. Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 12, 683-739.
14. Cast AD & Burke PJ (2002). A Theory of Self-Esteem, Social Forces, 80, 1041-1068.
15. Castano E, Yzerbyt V & Bourgignon D (2003). We are one and we like it: the impact of ingroup entitativity on social identification. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 735-754.
16. Chen S & Boucher HC & Tapias MP (2006). The relational self revealed: Integrative conceptualization and implications for interpersonal life. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 151-179.
17. Chen S, Chen KY & Shaw L (2004). Self-verification motives at the collective level of self-definition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 77-94.
18. Chen S, English T & Peng K (2006). Self-verification and contextualized self-views. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 930-942.
19. Chen S, Shaw L & Jeung KY (2006). Collective Self-Verification Among Members of a Naturally-Occurring Group: Possible Antecedents and Long-Term Consequences. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 28, 101-115.
20. Clement RW & Krueger J (2002). Social categorization moderates social projection. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 219-231
21. Cooley CH (1902). Human nature and the social order. London: Transaction Publishers.
22. Cosmides L & Tooby J (1992). Cognitive adaptations for social exchange. In JH Barkow, L Cosmides, & J Tooby (Eds.), The adapted mind. Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture (pp. 163-228). New York: Oxford University Press.
23. Crawford MT, Sherman SJ & Hamilton DL (2002). Perceived entitativity, stereotype formation, and the interchangeability of group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1076-1094.
24. Dasgupta N, Banaji MR & Abelson RP (1999). Group entitativity and group perception: Associations between physical features and psychological judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 991-1003.
25. Dauenheimer DG, Stahlberg D, Spreeman S & Sedikides C (2002). Self-enhancement, self-assessment, or self-verification? The intricate role of trait modifiability in the self-evaluation process. Revue Internationale De Psychologie Sociale, 15, 89-112.
26. De La Ronde C & Swann, WB Jr. (1998). Partner verification: Responding shattered images of our intimates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 374-382.
27. De Marree KG, Petty RE & Briñol P (2007). Self-certainty: Parallels to attitude certainty. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 7, 159-188.
28. Dovidio JF, Gaertner SL & Kawakami K (2003). Intergroup contact: The past, present, and the future. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 6, 5-20.
29. Drigotas SM, Rusbult CE, Wieselquist J, & Whitton S (1999). Close partner as sculptor of the ideal self: Behavioral affirmation and the Michelangelo phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 293-323.
30. Ellemers N, Spears R & Doojse B (2002). Self and social identity. Annual Review of Psychology, 53. 161-186.
31. Ellemers N & Van Knippenberg A (1997). Stereotyping in social context. In R Spears, PJ Oakes, N Ellemers & SA Haslam (Eds.), The social psychology of stereotyping and group life (pp. 208-235). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
32. Fenigstein A, Scheier MF & Buss AH (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 522-527.
33. Fernández I, Carrera P, Sánchez F & Páez D (1997). Prototipos emocionales desde una perspectiva cultural. Revista Electrónica de Motivación y Emoción, (http://reme.uji.es/articulos/aetxei2711912101/texto.html)
34. Festinger LA (1957). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
35. Festinger L & Carlsmith JM (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210.
36. Gabriel S & Gardner WL (1999). Are there "his" and "her" types of interdependence? The implications of gender differences in collective and relational interdependence for affect, behavior, and cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 642-655.
37. Giesler RB, Josephs, RA & Swann WB Jr. (1996). Self-verification in clinical depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 358-368.
38. Gómez A (2002). If my group stereotypes others, others stereotype my group... and we know. Concept, research lines and future perspectives of meta-stereotypes. Revista de Psicología Social, 17, 253-282
39. Gómez A (2006). Sí mismo e Identidad social. In A Gómez, E Gaviria & I Fernández, Psicología Social (pp. 229-295). Sanz y Torres: Madrid.
40. Gómez A, Huici C & Morales JF (2004). ¡Nos gusta que nos vean... como somos!. Implicaciones de la teoría de la auto-verificación a nivel intergrupal. Revista de Psicología Social, 19, 139-158
41. Goffman E (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday.
42. Hamilton DL & Sherman SJ (1996). Perceiving persons as groups. Psychological Review, 103, 336-355.
43. Hamilton DL, Sherman SJ & Lickel B (1998). Perceiving social groups: the importance of the entitativity continuum. In C Sedikides, J Schopler & CA Insko (Eds.), Intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior (pp. 47-74). Mahawh, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum.
44. Heine SJ & Renshaw K (2002), Interjudge agreement, self-enhancement, and liking: Cross-cultural divergences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 442-451.
45. Higgins ET (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340.
46. Hinkle S & Brown R (1990). Intergroup comparisons and social identity: Some links and lacunae. In D Abrams & MA Hogg (Eds.), Social Identity Theory: Constructive and Critical Advances. New York: Harvester/Wheatsheaf.
47. Hofstede G (1984), Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. London: Sage.
48. Hogg MA (2000). Subjective uncertainty reduction through self-categorization: a motivational theory of social identity processes and group phenomena. In W Stroebe & M Hewstone (Eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (pp. 223-255). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
49. Hogg MA & Abrams D (1993). Toward a single process uncertainty reduction model of social motivation in groups. In MA Hogg & D Abrams (Eds.), Group motivation: social psychological perspectives (pp 173-190). London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
50. Humphrey NK (1976). The social function of intellect. In PPG Bateson & RA Hinde (Eds.), Growing points in ethology (pp. 303-317). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
51. Ichiyama MA (1993). A longitudinal analysis of the reflected appraisal process in small group interaction. Social Psychology Quarterly, 56, 87-99.
52. James W (1890). The Principles of Psychology. New York: Holt.
53. Jetten J, Branscombe NR, Schmitt MT & Spears R (2001). Rebels with a cause: Group identification as a response to perceived discrimination from the mainstream. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1204-1213.
54. Jetten J, Schmitt MT, Branscombe NR & McKimmie BM (2005). Maintaining group identification under conditions of devaluation: Intergroup differentiation and intragroup respect as social creativity responses. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 208-215.
55. Jones EE & Davis KE (1965). From acts to dispositions: The attribution process in person perception. In L Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 219-266). New York: Academic Press.
56. Katz J & Beach SRH (2000). Looking for love? Self-verification and self-enhancement effects on initial romantic attraction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1526-1539.
57. Katz J, Beach SRH & Anderson P (1996). Self-enhancement versus self-verification: Does spousal support always help? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 20, 345-360.
58. Kelley HH (1967). Attribution theory in social psychology. In D. Levine (Ed), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol 15, pp. 192-238). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
59. Kihlstrom JF & Cantor N (1984). Mental representations of the self. In L Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 17, pp 1-47). New York: Academic Press.
60. Kirkpatrick LA & Ellis BJ (2001). An evolutionary-psychological approach to self-esteem: Multiple domains and multiple functions. In M Clark & G Fletcher (Eds.), The Blackwell handbook in social psychology. Vol. 2: Interpersonal processes (pp. 411-436). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
61. Leary MR & Baumeister RF (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 1-62). San Diego, Academic Press.
62. Lecky P (1945). Self-consistency: A theory of personality. New York: Island Press.
63. Lemay EP & Ashmore RD (2004). Reactions to perceived categorization by others during the transition to college: Internalizaton of self-verification processes. Group Processes & Interpersonal Relations, 7, 173-187.
64. Lickel B, Hamilton DL & Sherman SJ (2001). Elements of a lay theory of groups: Types of groups, relational styles, and the perception of group entitativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 129-140
65. Markus H & Cross S (1990). The interpersonal self. In LA Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 576-608). New York: Guilford Press
66. Markus H & Nurius P (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954-969.
67. Mead GH (1934). Mind, Self and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
68. McNulty SE & Swann WB Jr. (1994). Identity negotiation in roommate relationships: The self as architect and consequence of social reality. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 67, 1012-1023.
69. Mlicki PP & Ellemers N (1996). Being different or being better? National stereotypes and identifications of Polish and Dutch students. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 97-114.
70. Mummendey A & Schreiber HJ (1983). Better or different? Positive social identity by discrimination against or by differentiation from outgroups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 389-397.
71. Murray SL, Holmes, JG & Griffin DW (1996). The benefits of positive illusions: Idealization and the construction of satisfaction in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 70, 79-98.
72. Pelham BW & Swann WB Jr. (1994). The juncture of intrapersonal and interpersonal knowledge: Self-certainty and interpersonal congruence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 349-357.
73. Pettigrew TF (1998). Intergroup Contact: Theory, Research and New Perspectives. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85.
74. Pettigrew TF & Tropp LR (2000). Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Recent meta-analytic findings. In S Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 93-114). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
75. Pettigrew TF & Tropp LR (in press). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
76. Pinel EC & Swann WB Jr. (2000). Finding the self through others: Self-verification and social movement participation. In T Owens & S Stryker (Eds.), Self, identity, and social movements: (pp. 132-152). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
77. Reid SA & Hogg MA (2005). Uncertainty Reduction, Self-Enhancement, and Ingroup Identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 804-817
78. Reynolds KJ, Turner JC & Haslam SA (2000) When are we better than them and they worse than us? A closer look at social discrimination in positive and negative domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 64-80
79. Ritts V & Stein JR (1995). Verification and commitment in marital relationships: An exploration of self-verification theory in community college students. Psychologycal Reports, 76, 383-386.
80. Secord PF & Backman C (1961). Personality Theory and the Problem of Stability and Change in Individual Behavior: An Interactive Approach. Psychological Review, 68, 21-32.
81. Secord PE & Backman CW (1965). An interpersonal approach to personality. In B. Maher (Eds.), Progress in experimental personality research (Vol. 2, pp. 91-125). New York: Academic Press.
82. Sedikides C (1993). Assessment, enhancement, and verification determinants of the self-evaluation process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 317-338.
83. Sherton JN & Richeson JA (2005). Intergroup contact and pluralistic ignorance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 91-107.
84. Simon B, Loewy M, Stürmer S, Weber U, Freytag P, Habig C, Kampmeier C & Spahlinger P (1998). Collective identification and social movement participation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 646-658.
85. Singelis TM, Triandis HC, Bhawuk DPS & Gelfand MJ (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 29, 240-275.
86. Spears R, Jetten J & Scheepers D (2002). Distinctiveness and the definition of collective self: A tripartite model. In ATesser, JV Wood & DA Stapel (Eds.), Self and motivation: Emerging psychological perspectives (pp. 147-171). Lexington: APA.
87. Swann WB Jr. (1983), Self-verification: Bringing social reality into harmony with the self. In J Suls & AG Greenwald (Eds.). Psychologycal Perspectives on the Self (Vol. 2, pp. 33-66). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.
88. Swann WB Jr. (1987). Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1038-1051.
89. Swann WB Jr. (1990). To be adored or to be known: The interplay of self-enhancement and self-verification. In RM Sorrentino & ET Higgins (Eds.) Foundations of Social Behavior, (Vol. 2, pp. 408-448). New York: Guilford.
90. Swann WB Jr. (1999). Resilient identities: Self relationships and the construction of social reality. New York: Basic Books.
91. Swann WB Jr. (2005). The self and identity negotiation. Interaction Studies, 6, 69-83
92. Swann WB Jr., Bosson JK & Pelham BW (2002). Different partners, different selves: The verification of circumscribed identities. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1215-1228
93. Swann WB Jr., Chang-Schneider C & Angulo S (in press). Self-verification in relationships as an adaptive process. In J Wood, A Tesser & J Holmes (Eds.) Self and Relationships. Psychology Press: New York.
94. Swann WB Jr., De La Ronde C & Hixon JG (1994). Authenticity and positivity strivings in marriage and courtship. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 66, 857-869.
95. Swann WB Jr. & Ely RJ (1984). A battle of wills: Self-verification versus behavioral confirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1287-1302.
96. Swann WB Jr, Griffin JJ, Predmore S & Gaines B (1987). The cognitive-affective crossfire: When self-consistency confronts self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 881-889.
97. Swann WB Jr. & Pelham BW (2002). Who wants out when the going gets good? Psychological investment and preference for self-verifying college roommates. Self and Identity, 1, 219-233.
98. Swann WB Jr., Pelham, BW & Chidester T (1988). Change through paradox: Using self-verification to alter beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 268-273.
99. Swann WB Jr., Pelham BW & Krull DS (1989). Agreeable fancy or disagreeable truth? Reconciling self-enhancement and self-verification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 782-791.
100. Swann WB Jr., Polzer JT, Seyle C & Ko S (2004). Finding value in diversity: Verification of personal and social self-views in diverse groups. Academy of Management Review, 29, 9-27.
101. Swann WB Jr. & Read SJ (1981). Self-verification: How we sustain our self-conceptions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 351-372.
102. Swann WB Jr., Rentrow PJ & Guinn JS (2002). Self-verification: The search for coherence. In MR Leary & JJP Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 367-383). New York: Guilford.
103. Swann WB Jr. & Schroeder DG (1995). The search for beauty and truth: A framework for understanding reactions to evaluations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1307-1318.
104. Swann WB Jr., Stein-Seroussi A & Giesler RB (1992). Why people self-verify. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 392-401.
105. Tajfel H & Turner JC (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In WG Austin & S Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole.
106. Turner JC (1987) A self categorization theory. In JC Turner, MA Hogg, PJ Oakes SD Reicher & MS Whetherell (Eds.) Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory (pp.42-67). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
107. Turner JC (1999). Some current issues in research on social identity and self categorization theories. In N Ellemers, R Spears & B Doosje (Eds.), Social Identity: Context, Commitment, Content (pp. 6-34). Oxford: Blackwell.
108. Turner JC, Hogg MA, Turner PJ & Smith PM (1984). Failure and defeat as determinants of group cohesiveness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 97-111.
109. Turner JC, Oakes P, Haslam SA & McGarty C (1994). Self and collective: Cognition and social context. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 454-463.
110. Turner JC & Reynolds KJ (2001) The social identity perspective in intergroup relations: Theories, themes and controversies. In R Brown & S Gaertner (Eds), Handbook of social psychology: Vol 4: Intergroup processes (pp. 133-152). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
111. Wenzel M (2004). Social identification as a determinant of concerns about individual-, group-, and inclusive-level justice. Social Psychology Quarterly, 67, 70-87.