메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 873-887

Inhalation toxicology of ricin preparations: Animal models, prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to protection

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIPHTHERIA PERTUSSIS TETANUS VACCINE; LIPOSOME; PLANT TOXIN; POLYGLACTIN; POLYLACTIDE; RECOMBINANT RICIN A VACCINE; RECOMBINANT VACCINE; RICIN; RICIN TOXIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 34547760887     PISSN: 08958378     EISSN: 10917691     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08958370701432124     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (60)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0033616693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a structural motif in toxins and interleukin-2 that may be responsible for binding to endothelial cells and initiating vascular leak syndrome
    • Baluna, R., Rizo, J., Gordon, B. E., Ghetie, V., and Vitetta, E. S. 1999. Evidence for a structural motif in toxins and interleukin-2 that may be responsible for binding to endothelial cells and initiating vascular leak syndrome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96(7):3957-3962.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , Issue.7 , pp. 3957-3962
    • Baluna, R.1    Rizo, J.2    Gordon, B.E.3    Ghetie, V.4    Vitetta, E.S.5
  • 3
    • 0030886158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of rat lung following inhalation of ricin aerosol
    • Brown, R. F. R., and White, D. E. 1997. Ultrastructure of rat lung following inhalation of ricin aerosol. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 78(4):267-276.
    • (1997) Int. J. Exp. Pathol , vol.78 , Issue.4 , pp. 267-276
    • Brown, R.F.R.1    White, D.E.2
  • 4
    • 34547773376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cope, A. C., Dec, J., Cannan, R. K., Renshaw, B., and Moore, S. 1946. Ricin, Summary Technical Report of Division 9 (Chemistry), Chemical warfare agents and related problems, U.S. Defense Office of Science and Development, National Defense Research Committee, 1, pp. 179-203.
    • Cope, A. C., Dec, J., Cannan, R. K., Renshaw, B., and Moore, S. 1946. Ricin, Summary Technical Report of Division 9 (Chemistry), Chemical warfare agents and related problems, U.S. Defense Office of Science and Development, National Defense Research Committee, Vol. 1, pp. 179-203.
  • 5
    • 33745602817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monovalent and polyvalent carbohydrate inhibitors of ricin binding to a model of the cell surface receptor
    • Dawson, R. M., Alderton, M. R., Wells, D., and Hartley, P. G. 2006. Monovalent and polyvalent carbohydrate inhibitors of ricin binding to a model of the cell surface receptor. J. Appl. Toxicol. 26(3):247-252.
    • (2006) J. Appl. Toxicol , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-252
    • Dawson, R.M.1    Alderton, M.R.2    Wells, D.3    Hartley, P.G.4
  • 7
    • 0023219950 scopus 로고
    • RNA N-glycosidase activity of ricin A-chain; Mechanism of action of the toxic lectin ricin on eukaryotic ribosomes
    • Endo, Y., and Tsurugi, K. 1987. RNA N-glycosidase activity of ricin A-chain; Mechanism of action of the toxic lectin ricin on eukaryotic ribosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 262(17):8128-8130.
    • (1987) J. Biol. Chem , vol.262 , Issue.17 , pp. 8128-8130
    • Endo, Y.1    Tsurugi, K.2
  • 8
    • 0023664263 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of action of ricin and related toxin lectins on eukaryotic ribosomes. The site and characteristics of the modification in 28S ribosomal RNA caused by the toxins
    • Endo, Y., Mitsui, K., Motizuki, M., and Tsurugi, K. 1987. The mechanism of action of ricin and related toxin lectins on eukaryotic ribosomes. The site and characteristics of the modification in 28S ribosomal RNA caused by the toxins, J. Biol. Chem. 262(12):5908-5912.
    • (1987) J. Biol. Chem , vol.262 , Issue.12 , pp. 5908-5912
    • Endo, Y.1    Mitsui, K.2    Motizuki, M.3    Tsurugi, K.4
  • 9
    • 0021985323 scopus 로고
    • The use of anti-ricin antibodies to protect mice intoxicated with ricin
    • Foxwell, B. M. J., Detre, S. I., Donovan, T. A., and Thorpe, P. E. 1985. The use of anti-ricin antibodies to protect mice intoxicated with ricin. Toxicology 34(1):79-88.
    • (1985) Toxicology , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-88
    • Foxwell, B.M.J.1    Detre, S.I.2    Donovan, T.A.3    Thorpe, P.E.4
  • 10
    • 34547768497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Franz, D., and Jaax, N. 1997. Ricin toxin. In Textbook of military medicine: Part I, Medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare, eds. R. Zajtchuk and R. F. Bellamy, pp. 631-642. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General of the Army, TMM Publications.
    • Franz, D., and Jaax, N. 1997. Ricin toxin. In Textbook of military medicine: Part I, Medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare, eds. R. Zajtchuk and R. F. Bellamy, pp. 631-642. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General of the Army, TMM Publications.
  • 11
    • 0017881962 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of two constituent polypeptide chains of ricin E
    • Funatsu, G., Mise, T., Matsuda, H., and Funatsu, M. 1978. Isolation and characterization of two constituent polypeptide chains of ricin E. Agric. Biol. Chem. 42(4):851-859.
    • (1978) Agric. Biol. Chem , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 851-859
    • Funatsu, G.1    Mise, T.2    Matsuda, H.3    Funatsu, M.4
  • 12
    • 0000876903 scopus 로고
    • Inhalation toxicology and histopathology of ricin and abrin toxins
    • Griffiths, G. D., Rice, P., Allenby, A. C., Bailey, S. C., and Upshall, D. G.1994. Inhalation toxicology and histopathology of ricin and abrin toxins. Inhal. Toxicol. 7(2):269-288.
    • (1994) Inhal. Toxicol , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 269-288
    • Griffiths, G.D.1    Rice, P.2    Allenby, A.C.3    Bailey, S.C.4    Upshall, D.G.5
  • 14
    • 0030733914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liposomally-encapsulated ricin toxoid vaccine delivered intratracheally elicits a good immune response and protects against a lethal pulmonary dose of ricin toxin
    • Griffiths, G. D., Bailey, S. C., Hambrook, J. L., Keyte, M., Jayasekera, P., Miles, J., and Williamson, E. 1997. Liposomally-encapsulated ricin toxoid vaccine delivered intratracheally elicits a good immune response and protects against a lethal pulmonary dose of ricin toxin. Vaccine 15(17-18):1933-1939.
    • (1997) Vaccine , vol.15 , Issue.17-18 , pp. 1933-1939
    • Griffiths, G.D.1    Bailey, S.C.2    Hambrook, J.L.3    Keyte, M.4    Jayasekera, P.5    Miles, J.6    Williamson, E.7
  • 15
    • 0032033575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local and systemic responses against ricin toxin promoted by toxoid or peptide vaccines alone or in liposomal formulations
    • Griffiths, G. D., Bailey, S. C., Hambrook, J. L., and Keyte, M. 1998. Local and systemic responses against ricin toxin promoted by toxoid or peptide vaccines alone or in liposomal formulations. Vaccine 16(5):530-535.
    • (1998) Vaccine , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 530-535
    • Griffiths, G.D.1    Bailey, S.C.2    Hambrook, J.L.3    Keyte, M.4
  • 16
    • 0033523046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the quality of protection elicited by toxoid and peptide liposomal vaccine formulations against ricin as assessed by markers of inflammation
    • Griffiths, G. D., Phillips, G. J., and Bailey, S. C. 1999. Comparison of the quality of protection elicited by toxoid and peptide liposomal vaccine formulations against ricin as assessed by markers of inflammation. Vaccine 17(20-21):2562-2568.
    • (1999) Vaccine , vol.17 , Issue.20-21 , pp. 2562-2568
    • Griffiths, G.D.1    Phillips, G.J.2    Bailey, S.C.3
  • 17
    • 27144531007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel neutralizing monoclonal antibody against cell bindingpolypeptide of ricin
    • Guo, J.-W., Shen, B.-F., Feng, J.-N., Sun, Y.-X., Yu, M., and Hu, M.-R. 2005. A novel neutralizing monoclonal antibody against cell bindingpolypeptide of ricin. Hybridoma (Larchmt.) 24(5):263-266.
    • (2005) Hybridoma (Larchmt.) , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 263-266
    • Guo, J.-W.1    Shen, B.-F.2    Feng, J.-N.3    Sun, Y.-X.4    Yu, M.5    Hu, M.-R.6
  • 18
    • 0022889862 scopus 로고
    • Deposition of particles in the human respiratory tract in the size range 0.005-15 μm
    • Heyder, J., Gebhart, J., Rudolf, G., Schiller, C. F., and Stahlhofen, W. 1986. Deposition of particles in the human respiratory tract in the size range 0.005-15 μm. J. Aerosol. Sci., 17(5):811-825.
    • (1986) J. Aerosol. Sci , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 811-825
    • Heyder, J.1    Gebhart, J.2    Rudolf, G.3    Schiller, C.F.4    Stahlhofen, W.5
  • 20
    • 0037154847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral immunization of mice with ricin toxoid vaccine encapsulated in polymeric microspheres against aerosol challenge
    • Kende, M., Yan, C., Hewetson, J., Frick, M. A., Rill, W. L., and Tammariello, R. 2002. Oral immunization of mice with ricin toxoid vaccine encapsulated in polymeric microspheres against aerosol challenge. Vaccine 20(11-12):1681-1691.
    • (2002) Vaccine , vol.20 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 1681-1691
    • Kende, M.1    Yan, C.2    Hewetson, J.3    Frick, M.A.4    Rill, W.L.5    Tammariello, R.6
  • 21
    • 32844463270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of intranasal vaccination in mice with deglycosylated chain A ricin by LTR72, a novel mucosal adjuvant
    • Kende, M., Del Giudice, G., Rivera, N., and Hewetson, J. 2006. Enhancement of intranasal vaccination in mice with deglycosylated chain A ricin by LTR72, a novel mucosal adjuvant. Vaccine 24(12):2213-2221.
    • (2006) Vaccine , vol.24 , Issue.12 , pp. 2213-2221
    • Kende, M.1    Del Giudice, G.2    Rivera, N.3    Hewetson, J.4
  • 22
    • 33947575119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of intranasal vaccination with recombinant chain A ricin vaccine (rRV) in mice by mucosal adjuvants LTK63 and LTR72
    • Kende, M., Tan, X., Wlazlowski, C., Williams, R., Lindsey, C., and Del Giudice, G. 2007. Enhancement of intranasal vaccination with recombinant chain A ricin vaccine (rRV) in mice by mucosal adjuvants LTK63 and LTR72. Vaccine 25(16):3219-3227.
    • (2007) Vaccine , vol.25 , Issue.16 , pp. 3219-3227
    • Kende, M.1    Tan, X.2    Wlazlowski, C.3    Williams, R.4    Lindsey, C.5    Del Giudice, G.6
  • 23
    • 0031901150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site selective differences in cytochrome P450 isoform activities. Comparison of expression in rat and rhesus monkey lung and induction in rats
    • Lee, C., Watt, K. C., Chang, A. M., Plopper, C. G., Buckpitt, A. R., and Pinkerton, K. E. 1998. Site selective differences in cytochrome P450 isoform activities. Comparison of expression in rat and rhesus monkey lung and induction in rats. Drug. Metab. Dispos. 26(5):396-400.
    • (1998) Drug. Metab. Dispos , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 396-400
    • Lee, C.1    Watt, K.C.2    Chang, A.M.3    Plopper, C.G.4    Buckpitt, A.R.5    Pinkerton, K.E.6
  • 25
    • 0015092050 scopus 로고
    • Effect of crystalline ricin on the biosynthesis of protein, RNA and DNA in experimental tumor cells
    • Lin, J. Y., Liu, K., Chen, C.-C., and Tung, T.-C. 1971. Effect of crystalline ricin on the biosynthesis of protein, RNA and DNA in experimental tumor cells. Cancer Res. 31(7):921-924.
    • (1971) Cancer Res , vol.31 , Issue.7 , pp. 921-924
    • Lin, J.Y.1    Liu, K.2    Chen, C.-C.3    Tung, T.-C.4
  • 26
    • 0018908163 scopus 로고
    • Purification and physicochemical properties of ricins and agglutinins from Ricinus communis
    • Lin, T. T.-S., and Li, S. S.-L. 1980. Purification and physicochemical properties of ricins and agglutinins from Ricinus communis. Eur. J. Biochem. 105(3):453-459.
    • (1980) Eur. J. Biochem , vol.105 , Issue.3 , pp. 453-459
    • Lin, T.T.-S.1    Li, S.S.-L.2
  • 27
    • 0016773943 scopus 로고
    • An aerosol generator of high stability
    • Liu, B. Y. H., and Lee, K. W. 1975. An aerosol generator of high stability Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 36(12):861-865.
    • (1975) Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , vol.36 , Issue.12 , pp. 861-865
    • Liu, B.Y.H.1    Lee, K.W.2
  • 29
    • 0026102757 scopus 로고
    • Ribosome inactivating proteins in plants
    • Lord, J. M., Hartley, M. R., and Roberts, L. M. 1991. Ribosome inactivating proteins in plants. Semin. Cell Biol. 2(1):15-22.
    • (1991) Semin. Cell Biol , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-22
    • Lord, J.M.1    Hartley, M.R.2    Roberts, L.M.3
  • 30
    • 30344485142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entry of protein toxins into mammalian cells by crossing the endoplasmic reticulum membrane: Co-opting basic mechanisms of endoplasmic reticululm-associated degradation
    • Lord, J. M., Roberts, L. M., and Lencer, W. I. 2005. Entry of protein toxins into mammalian cells by crossing the endoplasmic reticulum membrane: Co-opting basic mechanisms of endoplasmic reticululm-associated degradation. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 300:149-168.
    • (2005) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol , vol.300 , pp. 149-168
    • Lord, J.M.1    Roberts, L.M.2    Lencer, W.I.3
  • 31
    • 3142647063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insertional mutagenesis of ricin A chain: A novel route to an anti-ricin vaccine
    • Marsden, C. J., Knight, S., Smith, D. C., Day, P. J., Roberts, L. M., Phillips, G. J., and Lord, J. M. 2004. Insertional mutagenesis of ricin A chain: a novel route to an anti-ricin vaccine. Vaccine 22(21-22):2800-2805.
    • (2004) Vaccine , vol.22 , Issue.21-22 , pp. 2800-2805
    • Marsden, C.J.1    Knight, S.2    Smith, D.C.3    Day, P.J.4    Roberts, L.M.5    Phillips, G.J.6    Lord, J.M.7
  • 32
    • 0017672610 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of ricin E from castor beans
    • Mise, T., Funatsu, G., Ishiguro, M., and Funatsu, M. 1977. Isolation and characterization of ricin E from castor beans. Agric. Biol. Chem. 41(10):2041-2046.
    • (1977) Agric. Biol. Chem , vol.41 , Issue.10 , pp. 2041-2046
    • Mise, T.1    Funatsu, G.2    Ishiguro, M.3    Funatsu, M.4
  • 33
    • 0015498978 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of Ricinus communis agglutinin with normal and tumour cell surfaces
    • Nicolson, G. L., and Blaustein, J. 1972. The interaction of Ricinus communis agglutinin with normal and tumour cell surfaces. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 266(2):543-547,
    • (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.266 , Issue.2 , pp. 543-547
    • Nicolson, G.L.1    Blaustein, J.2
  • 35
    • 0002169483 scopus 로고
    • Toxic lectins and related proteins
    • eds. P. Cohen and S. van Heyningen, pp, Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Olsnes, S., and Pihl, A. 1982. Toxic lectins and related proteins. In Molecular action of toxins and viruses, eds. P. Cohen and S. van Heyningen, pp. 51-105. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (1982) Molecular action of toxins and viruses , pp. 51-105
    • Olsnes, S.1    Pihl, A.2
  • 37
    • 0037503914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy and prophylaxis of inhaled biological toxins (Review article)
    • Paddle, B. M. 2003. Therapy and prophylaxis of inhaled biological toxins (Review article). J. Appl. Toxicol. 23(3):139-170.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Toxicol , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 139-170
    • Paddle, B.M.1
  • 38
    • 0026531732 scopus 로고
    • Protein toxic inhibitors of protein synthesis
    • Perentesis, J. P., Miller, S. P., and Bodley, J. W. 1992. Protein toxic inhibitors of protein synthesis. Biofactors 3(3):173-184.
    • (1992) Biofactors , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 173-184
    • Perentesis, J.P.1    Miller, S.P.2    Bodley, J.W.3
  • 41
    • 0030245817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosolized specific antibody protects mice from lung injury associated with aerosolized ricin exposure
    • Poli, M. A., Rivera, V. R., Pitt, M. L., and Vogel, P.1996. Aerosolized specific antibody protects mice from lung injury associated with aerosolized ricin exposure. Toxicon 34(9):1037-1044.
    • (1996) Toxicon , vol.34 , Issue.9 , pp. 1037-1044
    • Poli, M.A.1    Rivera, V.R.2    Pitt, M.L.3    Vogel, P.4
  • 43
    • 84998044765 scopus 로고
    • Regional deposition of inhaled monodisperse coarse and fine aerosol particles in small laboratory animals
    • Raabe, O. G., Al-Bayati, M., Teague, S. V., and Rasolt, A. 1988. Regional deposition of inhaled monodisperse coarse and fine aerosol particles in small laboratory animals. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 32(suppl. 1):53-63.
    • (1988) Ann. Occup. Hyg , vol.32 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 53-63
    • Raabe, O.G.1    Al-Bayati, M.2    Teague, S.V.3    Rasolt, A.4
  • 44
    • 0038440713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of inhalation exposure modality and particle size on the respiratory deposition of ricin in BALB/c mice
    • Roy, C. J., Hale, M., Hartings, J. M., Pitt, L., and Duniho, S. 2003. Impact of inhalation exposure modality and particle size on the respiratory deposition of ricin in BALB/c mice. Inhal. Toxicol. 15(6):619-638.
    • (2003) Inhal. Toxicol , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 619-638
    • Roy, C.J.1    Hale, M.2    Hartings, J.M.3    Pitt, L.4    Duniho, S.5
  • 46
    • 85054420829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schreider, J. P. 1983. Nasal airway anatomy and inhalation deposition in experimental animals and people. In Nasal tumours in animals and man, III. Experimental nasal carcinogenesis, eds. G. Reznik and S. F. Stinson, pp. 1-26. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
    • Schreider, J. P. 1983. Nasal airway anatomy and inhalation deposition in experimental animals and people. In Nasal tumours in animals and man, Vol. III. Experimental nasal carcinogenesis, eds. G. Reznik and S. F. Stinson, pp. 1-26. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • 47
    • 0001904160 scopus 로고
    • Biotransformation of toxicants
    • 4th ed, eds. M. O. Amdur, J. Doull, and C. D. Klaassen, pp, Pergamon Press
    • Sipes, I. G., and Gandolfi, A. J. 1991. Biotransformation of toxicants. In Casarett and Doull's toxicology; The basic science of poisons, 4th ed., eds. M. O. Amdur, J. Doull, and C. D. Klaassen, pp. 88-126, Pergamon Press.
    • (1991) Casarett and Doull's toxicology; The basic science of poisons , pp. 88-126
    • Sipes, I.G.1    Gandolfi, A.J.2
  • 48
    • 0037056037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel recombinant vaccine which protects mice against ricin intoxication
    • Smallshaw, J. E., Firan, A., Fulmer, J. R., Ruback, S. L., Ghetie, V., and Vitetta, E. S. 2002. A novel recombinant vaccine which protects mice against ricin intoxication. Vaccine 20(27-28):3422-3427.
    • (2002) Vaccine , vol.20 , Issue.27-28 , pp. 3422-3427
    • Smallshaw, J.E.1    Firan, A.2    Fulmer, J.R.3    Ruback, S.L.4    Ghetie, V.5    Vitetta, E.S.6
  • 50
    • 25144493280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical toxicity and efficacy testing of RiVax, a recombinant protein vaccine against ricin
    • Smallshaw, J. E., Richardson, J. A., Pincus, S., Schindler, J., and Vitetta, E. S. 2005. Preclinical toxicity and efficacy testing of RiVax, a recombinant protein vaccine against ricin. Vaccine 23(39):4775-4784.
    • (2005) Vaccine , vol.23 , Issue.39 , pp. 4775-4784
    • Smallshaw, J.E.1    Richardson, J.A.2    Pincus, S.3    Schindler, J.4    Vitetta, E.S.5
  • 51
    • 0027219786 scopus 로고
    • Ricin A-chain and ricin A-chain immunotoxins rapidly damage human endothelial cells: Implications for vascular leak syndrome
    • Soler-Rodriguez, A. M., Ghetie, M. A., Oppenheimer-Marks, N., Uhr, J. W., and Vitetta, E. S. 1993. Ricin A-chain and ricin A-chain immunotoxins rapidly damage human endothelial cells: Implications for vascular leak syndrome. Exp. Cell Res. 206(2):227-234.
    • (1993) Exp. Cell Res , vol.206 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-234
    • Soler-Rodriguez, A.M.1    Ghetie, M.A.2    Oppenheimer-Marks, N.3    Uhr, J.W.4    Vitetta, E.S.5
  • 52
    • 33747229123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ribosome-inactivating proteins: Progress and problems
    • Stirpe, F., and Battelli, M. G. 2006. Ribosome-inactivating proteins: progress and problems. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 63(16):1850-1866.
    • (2006) Cell. Mol. Life Sci , vol.63 , Issue.16 , pp. 1850-1866
    • Stirpe, F.1    Battelli, M.G.2
  • 53
    • 0022489331 scopus 로고
    • Ribosome-inactivating proteins to date
    • Stirpe, F., and Barbieri, L. 1986. Ribosome-inactivating proteins to date. FEBS Lett. 195(1-2):1-8.
    • (1986) FEBS Lett , vol.195 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-8
    • Stirpe, F.1    Barbieri, L.2
  • 54
    • 14744291476 scopus 로고
    • Ribosome-inactivating proteins from plants: Present status and future prospects
    • Stirpe, F., Barbieri, L., Batelli, M. G., Soria, M., and Lappi, D.A. 1992. Ribosome-inactivating proteins from plants: Present status and future prospects. Biotechnology (NY) 10(4):405-412.
    • (1992) Biotechnology (NY) , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 405-412
    • Stirpe, F.1    Barbieri, L.2    Batelli, M.G.3    Soria, M.4    Lappi, D.A.5
  • 56
    • 33644938073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wang, S., Feng, J., Guo, J., Guo, Leiming, G., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Qin, W., Hu, M., Han, G., and Shen, B. 2006. A novel designed single domain antibody on 3-D structure of ricin A chain remarkably blocked ricin-induced cytotoxicity. Mol. Immunol. 43:1912-1919.
    • Wang, S., Feng, J., Guo, J., Guo, Leiming, G., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Qin, W., Hu, M., Han, G., and Shen, B. 2006. A novel designed single domain antibody on 3-D structure of ricin A chain remarkably blocked ricin-induced cytotoxicity. Mol. Immunol. 43:1912-1919.
  • 57
    • 34547771882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wannemacher, R. W., and Anderson, J. B. 2006. Inhalation ricin: Aerosol procedures, toxicology and therapy. In Inhalation toxicology, 2nd ed., eds. H. Salem and S. Katz, pp. 973-980. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Taylor & Francis.
    • Wannemacher, R. W., and Anderson, J. B. 2006. Inhalation ricin: Aerosol procedures, toxicology and therapy. In Inhalation toxicology, 2nd ed., eds. H. Salem and S. Katz, pp. 973-980. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Taylor & Francis.
  • 58
    • 0030147202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesions of acute inhaled lethal ricin intoxication in rhesus monkeys
    • Wilhelmsen, C. L., and Pitt, M. L. M. 1996. Lesions of acute inhaled lethal ricin intoxication in rhesus monkeys. Vet. Pathol. 33(3):296-302.
    • (1996) Vet. Pathol , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 296-302
    • Wilhelmsen, C.L.1    Pitt, M.L.M.2
  • 59
    • 0030218606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal stimulation of long-lasting immunity against aerosol ricin challenge with ricin toxoid vaccine encapsulated in polymeric microspheres
    • Yan, C., Rill, W. L., Malli, R., Hewetson, J., Naseem, H., Tammariello, R., and Kende, M. 1996. Intranasal stimulation of long-lasting immunity against aerosol ricin challenge with ricin toxoid vaccine encapsulated in polymeric microspheres. Vaccine 14(11):1031-1038.
    • (1996) Vaccine , vol.14 , Issue.11 , pp. 1031-1038
    • Yan, C.1    Rill, W.L.2    Malli, R.3    Hewetson, J.4    Naseem, H.5    Tammariello, R.6    Kende, M.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.