Susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to photodynamic inactivation is associated with cell wall integrity

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Volumn 51, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 2929-2936

  Fuchs, Beth Burgwyn ^a   Tegos, George P ^a,b   Hamblin, Michael R ^a,b,c   Mylonakis, Eleftherios ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c HARVARD MIT DIVISION OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CASPOFUNGIN; GLUCAN; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENT; POLYETHYLENEIMINE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; RHO FACTOR; TALAPORFIN;

ARTICLE; CELL WALL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; DRUG SENSITIVITY; FUNGUS MUTATION; LIGHT EXPOSURE; MYCOSIS; NONHUMAN; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

BETA-GLUCANS; CELL WALL; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; DRUG RESISTANCE, FUNGAL; FUNGAL PROTEINS; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS; HUMANS; LIGHT; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; POLYETHYLENEIMINE; PORPHYRINS; RADIATION-SENSITIZING AGENTS; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE PROTEINS;

EID: 34547631303     PISSN: 00664804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00121-07     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Abruzzo, G. K., A. M. Flattery, C. J. Gill, L. Kong, J. G. Smith, V. B. Pikounis, J. M. Balkovec, A. F. Bouffard, J. F. Dropinski, H. Rosen, H. Kropp, and K. Bartizal. 1997. Evaluation of the echinocandin antifungal MK-0991 (L-743,872): efficacies in mouse models of disseminated aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:2333-2338.
2. Bliss, J. M., C. E. Bigelow, T. H. Foster, and C. G. Haidaris. 2004. Susceptibility of Candida species to photodynamic effects of Photofrin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48:2000-2006.
3. Brown, S. B., and K. J. Mellish. 2001. Verteporfin: a milestone in opthalmology [sic] and photodynamic therapy. Expert. Opin. Pharmacother. 2:351-361.
4. Calzavara-Pinton, P. G., M. Venturini, and R. Sala. 2005. A comprehensive overview of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of superficial fungal infections of the skin. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 78:1-6.
5. Castano, A. P., T. N. Demidova, and M. R. Hamblin. 2004. Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: part one - photosensitizers, photochemistry and cellular localization. Photodiagn. Photodynam. Ther. 1:279-293.
6. Castano, A. P., T. N. Demidova, and M. R. Hamblin. 2005. Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: part three-photosensitizer pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, tumor localization and modes of tumor destruction. Photodiagn. Photodynam. Ther. 2:91-106.
7. Castano, A. P., T. N. Demidova, and M. R. Hamblin. 2005. Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: part two - cellular signaling, cell metabolism and modes of cell death. Photodiagn. Photodynam. Ther. 2:1-23.
8. Chayakulkeeree, M., and J. R. Perfect. 2006. Cryptococcosis. Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am. 20:507-544.
9. Cox, G. M., T. S. Harrison, H. C. McDade, C. P. Taborda, G. Heinrich, A. Casadevall, and J. R. Perfect. 2003. Superoxide dismutase influences the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans by affecting growth within macrophages. Infect. Immun. 71:173-180.
10. Demidova, T. N., and M. R. Hamblin. 2004. Photodynamic therapy targeted to pathogens. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 17:245-254.
11. Demidova, T. N., and M. R. Hamblin. 2005. Effect of cell-photosensitizer binding and cell density on microbial photoinactivation. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:2329-2335.
12. Denning, D. W. 2003. Echinocandin antifungal drugs. Lancet 362:1142-1151.
13. Dismukes, W. E. 1993. Management of cryptococcosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 17(Suppl. 2):S507-S512.
14. Dolmans, D. E., D. Fukumura, and R. K. Jain. 2003. Photodynamic therapy for cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 3:380-387.
15. Drgonova, J., T. Drgon, K. Tanaka, R. Kollar, G. C. Chen, R. A. Ford, C. S. Chan, Y. Takai, and E. Cabib. 1996. Rho1p, a yeast protein at the interface between cell polarization and morphogenesis. Science 272:277-279.
16. Espinel-Ingroff, A. 1998. Comparison of in vitro activities of the new triazole SCH56592 and the echinocandins MK-0991 (L-743,872) and LY303366 against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and yeasts. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:2950-2956.
17. Feldmesser, M., Y. Kress, A. Mednick, and A. Casadevall. 2000. The effect of the echinocandin analogue caspofungin on cell wall glucan synthesis by Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Infect. Dis. 182:1791-1795.
18. Gerik, K. J., M. J. Donlin, C. E. Soto, A. M. Banks, I. R. Banks, M. A. Maligie, C. P. Selitrennikoff, and J. K. Lodge. 2005. Cell wall integrity is dependent on the PKC1 signal transduction pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol. Microbiol. 58:393-408.
19. Hamblin, M. R., and T. Hasan. 2004. Photodynamic therapy: a new antimicrobial approach to infectious disease? Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 3:436-450.
20. Hamblin, M. R., J. L. Miller, I. Rizvi, H. G. Loew, and T. Hasan. 2003. Pegylation of charged polymer-photosensitiser conjugates: effects on photodynamic efficacy. Br. J. Cancer 89:937-943.
21. Hamblin, M. R., D. A. O'Donnell, N. Murthy, K. Rajagopalan, N. Michaud, M. E. Sherwood, and T. Hasan. 2002. Polycationic photosensitizer conjugates: effects of chain length and Gram classification on the photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 49:941-951.
22. Igual, J. C., A. L. Johnson, and L. H. Johnston. 1996. Coordinated regulation of gene expression by the cell cycle transcription factor Swi4 and the protein kinase C MAP kinase pathway for yeast cell integrity. EMBO J. 15:5001-5013.
23. Jett, B. D., K. L. Hatter, M. M. Huycke, and M. S. Gilmore. 1997. Simplified agar plate method for quantifying viable bacteria. BioTechniques 23:648-650.
24. Jiang, B., A. F. Ram, J. Sheraton, F. M. Klis, and H. Bussey. 1995. Regulation of cell wall beta-glucan assembly: PTC1 negatively affects PBS2 action in a pathway that includes modulation of EXG1 transcription. Mol. Gen. Genet. 248:260-269.
25. Kamada, Y., H. Qadota, C. P. Python, Y. Anraku, Y. Ohya, and D. E. Levin. 1996. Activation of yeast protein kinase C by Rhol GTPase. J. Biol. Chem. 271:9193-9196.
26. Kopeckà, M., M. Gabriel, K. Takeo, M. Yamaguchi, A. Svoboda, M. Ohkusu, K. Hata, and S. Yoshida. 2001. Microtubules and actin cytoskeleton in Cryptococcus neoformans compared with ascomycetous budding and fission yeasts. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 80:303-311.
27. Madden, K., Y. J. Sheu, K. Baetz, B. Andrews, and M. Snyder. 1997. SBF cell cycle regulator as a target of the yeast PKC-MAP kinase pathway. Science 275:1781-1784.
28. Malik, Z., H. Ladan, and Y. Nitzan. 1992. Photodynamic inactivation of Gram-negative bacteria: problems and possible solutions. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 14:262-266.
29. Mazur, P., and W. Baginsky. 1996. In vitro activity of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase requires the GTP-binding protein Rhol. J. Biol. Chem. 271:14604-14609.
30. Merchat, M., G. Bertolini, P. Giacomini, A. Villanueva, and G. Jori. 1996. Meso-substituted cationic porphyrins as efficient photosensitizers of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 32:153-157.
31. Moan, J., and Q. Peng. 2003. An outline of the hundred-year history of PDT. Anticancer Res. 23:3591-3600.
32. Nonaka, H., K. Tanaka, H. Hirano, T. Fujiwara, H. Kohno, M. Umikawa, A. Mino, and Y. Takai. 1995. A downstream target of RHO1 small GTP-binding protein is PKC1, a homolog of protein kinase C, which leads to activation of the MAP kinase cascade in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 14:5931-5938.
33. Odom, A., S. Muir, E. Lim, D. L. Toffaletti, J. Perfect, and J. Heitman. 1997. Calcineurin is required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. EMBO J. 16:2576-2589.
34. Ozaki, K., K. Tanaka, H. Imamura, T. Hihara, T. Kameyama, H. Nonaka, H. Hirano, Y. Matsuura, and Y. Takai. 1996. Rom1p and Rom2p are GDP/GTP exchange proteins (GEPs) for the Rho1p small GTP binding protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 15:2196-2207.
35. Philip, B., and D. E. Levin. 2001. Wsc1 and Mid2 are cell surface sensors for cell wall integrity signaling that act through Rom2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:271-280.
36. Qadota, H., C. P. Python, S. B. Inoue, M. Arisawa, Y. Anraku, Y. Zheng, T. Watanabe, D. E. Levin, and Y. Ohya. 1996. Identification of yeast Rho1p GTPase as a regulatory subunit of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase. Science 272:279-281.
37. Saag, M. S., R. J. Graybill, R. A. Larsen, P. G. Pappas, J. R. Perfect, W. G. Powderly, J. D. Sobel, and W. E. Dismukes. 2000. Practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30:710-718.
38. Sekiya-Kawasaki, M., M. Abe, A. Saka, D. Watanabe, K. Kono, M. Minemura-Asakawa, S. Ishihara, T. Watanabe, and Y. Ohya. 2002. Dissection of upstream regulatory components of the Rho1p effector, 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 162:663-676.
39. Shedletzky, E., C. Unger, and D. P. Delmer. 1997. A microtiter-based fluorescence assay for (1,3)-beta-glucan synthases. Anal. Biochem. 249:88-93.
40. Shimizu, J., K. Yoda, and M. Yamasaki. 1994. The hypo-osmolarity-sensitive phenotype of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae hpo2 mutant is due to a mutation in PKC1, which regulates expression of beta-glucanase. Mol. Gen. Genet. 242:641-648.
41. Smijs, T. G., and H. J. Schuitmaker. 2003. Photodynamic inactivation of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. Photochem. Photobiol. 77:556-560.
42. Tang, R. J., J. Breger, A. Idnurm, K. J. Gerik, J. K. Lodge, J. Heitman, S. B. Calderwood, and E. Mylonakis. 2005. Cryptococcus neoformans gene involved in mammalian pathogenesis identified by a Caenorhabditis elegans progeny-based approach. Infect. Immun. 73:8219-8225.
43. Tegos, G. P., T. N. Demidova, D. Arcila-Lopez, H. Lee, T. Wharton, H. Gali, and M. R. Hamblin. 2005. Cationic fullerenes are effective and selective antimicrobial photosensitizers. Chem. Biol. 12:1127-1135.
44. Tegos, G. P., M. Anbe, C. Yang, T. N. Demidova, M. Satti, P. Mroz, S. Janjua, F. Gad, and M. R. Hamblin. 2006. Protease-stable polycationic photosensitizer conjugates between polyethyleneimine and chlorin(e6) for broad-spectrum antimicrobial photoinactivation. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:1402-1410.
45. Wainwright, M. 1998. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 42:13-28.
46. Watanabe, D., M. Abe, and Y. Ohya. 2001. Yeast Lrg1p acts as a specialized RhoGAP regulating 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis. Yeast 18:943-951.
47. Wilson, M., and N. Mia. 1993. Sensitisation of Candida albicans to killing by low-power laser light. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 22:354-357.
48. Wood, P. J., and R. G. Fulcher. 1983. Dye interactions. A basis for specific detection and histochemistry of polysaccharides. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 31:823-826.