Finite-element method simulations of guided wave phenomena at terahertz frequencies

Proceedings of the IEEE

Volumn 95, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1624-1640

  Deibel, Jason A ^a   Escarra, Matthew ^a   Berndsen, Nicholas ^a   Wang, Kanglin ^a   Mittleman, Daniel M ^a  

^a Rice University   (United States)

Author keywords

Finite element method (FEM); Photonic crystals; Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs); Terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz TDS); Waveguides

Indexed keywords

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE POLARIZATION; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; GUIDED ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION; OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; REFLECTOMETERS; SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; SURFACE PLASMONS; TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS; WAVEFORM ANALYSIS; WAVEGUIDES;

COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD SIMULATION; FREE SPACE OPTICS; SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING; SURFACE PLASMON POLARITONS; TERAHERTZ DEVICE; TERAHERTZ FREQUENCIES; TERAHERTZ TIME DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY;

TERAHERTZ WAVES;

EID: 34547214298     PISSN: 00189219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2007.898817     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (75)

1. D. M. Mittleman et al., "Non-contact semiconductor wafer characterization with the terahertz hall effect," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 71, pp. 16-18, 1997.
2. D. Grischkowsky et al., "Far-infrared time-domain spectroscopy with terahertz beams of dielectrics and semiconductors," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 2006-2015, 1990.
3. D. Crawley et al., "Three-dimensional terahertz pulse imaging of dental tissue," J. Biol. Opt., vol. 8, pp. 303-307, 2003.
4. R. M. Woodward et al., "Terahertz pulsed imaging of skin cancer in the time and frequency domain," J. Biol. Phys., vol. 29, pp. 257-261, 2003.
5. R. H. Jacobson, D. M. Mittleman, and M. C. Nuss, "Chemical recognition of gases and gas mixtures using terahertz radiation," Opt. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 2011-2013, 1996.
6. M. R. Leahy-Hoppa et al., "Wideband terahertz spectroscopy of explosives," Chem. Phys. Lett., vol. 434, no. 4-6, pp. 227-230, 2007.
7. Y. C. Shen et al., "Detection and identification of explosives using terahertz pulsed spectroscopic imaging," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 86, no. 24, p. 241 116, 1986.
8. K. Kawase, Y. Ogawa, and Y. Watanabe, "Non-destructive terahertz imaging of illicit drugs using spectral fingerprints," Opt. Express, vol. 11, no. 20, pp. 2549-2554, 2003.
9. F. Huang et al., "Terahertz study of 1, 3, 5-trinitro-s-triazine by time-domain and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 85, no. 23, pp. 5535-5537, 2004.
10. D. Zimdars et al., "Large area terahertz imaging and non-destructive evaluation applications," InsightVNon-Destr. Test. Cond. Monit., vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 537-539, 2006.
11. S. Wang and X.-C. Zhang, "Pulsed terahertz tomography," J. Phys. D, vol. 37, pp. R1-R36, 2004.
12. D. M. Mittleman, Ed., Sensing With Terahertz Radiation. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2002.
13. P. R. Smith, D. H. Auston, and M. C. Nuss, "Subpicosecond photoconducting dipole antennas," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 255-260, Feb. 1988.
14. M. v. Exter and D. Grischkowsky, "Characterization of an optoelectronic terahertz beam systems," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 1684-1690, Nov. 1990.
15. X.-C. Zhang et al., "Terahertz optical rectification from a nonlinear organic crystal," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 61, no. 26, pp. 3080-3082, 1992.
16. D. H. Auston and K. P. Cheung, "Coherent time-domain far-infrared spectroscopy," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B: Opt. Phys., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 606-612, 1985.
17. Q. Wu and X.-C. Zhang, "Free-space electro-optic sampling of terahertz beams," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 67, no. 24, pp. 3523-3525, 1995.
18. K. Wang and D. M. Mittleman, "Guided propagation of terahertz pulses on metal wires," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 22, pp. 2001-2007, 2005.
19. M. Goto et al., "Teflon photonic crystal fiber as terahertz waveguide," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 43, pp. L317-L319, 2004.
20. H. Han et al., "Terahertz pulse propagation in a plastic photonic crystal fiber," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 80, pp. 2634-2636, 2002.
21. G. d. 1. Reyes et al., "Low-loss single-mode terahertz waveguiding using Cytop," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 89, p. 211 119, 2006.
22. S. A. Maier and H. A. Atwater, "Plasmonics: Localization and guiding of electromagnetic energy in metal/dielectric structures," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 98, p. 011 101, 2005.
23. R. Mendis and D. Grischkowsky, "Undistorted guided-wave propagation of subpicosecond terahertz pulses," Opt. Lett., vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 846-848, 2001.
24. R. Mendis and D. Grischkowsky, "THz interconnect with low-loss and low-group velocity dispersion," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 444-446, Nov. 2001.
25. M. Nagel, A. Marchewka, and H. Kurz, "Low-index discontinuity terahertz waveguides," Opt. Express, vol. 14, no. 21, pp. 9944-9954, 2006.
26. M. Wachter, M. Nagel, and H. Kurz, "Metallic slit waveguide for dispersion-free low-loss terahertz signal transmission," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 90, p. 061 111, 2007.
27. K. Wang and D. M. Mittleman, "Metal wires for terahertz waveguiding," Nature, vol. 432, p. 376, 2004.
28. M. Wachter, M. Nagel, and H. Kurz, "Frequency-dependent characterization of THz Sommerfeld wave propagation on single-wires," Opt. Express, vol. 13, no. 26, p. 10 815, 2005.
29. T.-I. Jeon and D. Grischkowsky, "Direct optoelectronic generation and detection of sub-ps-electrical pulses on sub-mm-coaxial transmission lines," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 85, no. 25, pp. 6092-6094, 2004.
30. R. Coccioli et al., "Finite-element methods in microwaves: A selected bibliography," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 34-38, Dec. 1996.
31. B. M. A. Rahman, F. A. Fernandez, and J. B. Davies, "Review of finite element methods for microwave and optical waveguides," Proc. IEEE, vol. 79, no. 10, pp. 1442-1448, Oct. 1991.
32. I. Tsukerman, F. Cajko, and A. P. Sokolov, "Traditional and new simulation techniques for nanoscale optics and photonics," Proc. SPIE, Plasmonics: Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties III, vol. 5927, pp. 128-137, 2005.
33. R. L. Courant, "Variational methods for the solution of problems of equilibrium and vibration," Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 5, pp. 1-23, 1943.
34. P. P. Silvester, "Finite-element solution of homogeneous waveguide problems," Alta Frequenza, vol. 38, pp. 313-317, 1969.
35. W. B. J. Zimmerman, Multiphysics Modeling With Finite Element Methods, ser. Series on Stability, Vibration, and Control of Systems, Series A. London: World Scientific, 2006, vol. 18.
36. J. Jin, The Finite Element Method in Electromagnetics. New York: John Wiley & Sonc, Inc., 2002.
37. C. Ashcraft, SPOOLES.
38. T. Davis, UMFPACK, Gainesville, FL, 2005.
39. R. Barrett et al., Templates for the Solution of Linear Systems: Bulding Blocks for Iterattive Methods, ser. Miscellaneous Titles in Applied Mathematics Series No. 43. Philadelphia: SIAM, 1994.
40. D. Jiao and J.-M. Jin, "A general approach for the stability analysis of the time-domain finite-element method for electromagnetic simulations," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 1624-1632, Nov. 2002.
41. J.-F. Lee, R. Lee, and A. Cangellaris, "Time-domain finite-element methods," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 430-441, Mar. 1997.
42. B. Butrylo et al., "A survey of parallel solvers for the finite element method in computational electromagnetics," COMPEL: The International J. for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 531-546, 2004.
43. O. Schenk and K. Gartner, "On fast factorization pivoting methods for symmetric indefinite systems," Elec. Trans. Numer. Anal., vol. 23, pp. 158-179, 2006.
44. O. Schenk and K. Gartner, "Solving unsymmetric sparse systems of linear equations with PARDISO," J. Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 475-487, 2004.
45. COMSOL Multiphysics. Stockholm, Sweden: COMSOL AB, 2007.
46. G. Goubau, "Surface waves and their application to transmission lines," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 21, pp. 1119-1128, 1950.
47. T.-I. Jeon, J. Zhang, and D. Grischkowsky, "THz Sommerfeld wave propagation on a single metal wire," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 86, p. 161 904, 2005.
48. Q. Cao and J. Jahns, "Azimuthally polarized surface plasmons as effective terahertz waveguides," Opt. Express, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 511-518, 2005.
49. K. L. Shlager, G. S. Smith, and J. G. Maloney, "Optimization of bow-tie antennas for pulse radiation," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 975-982, Jul. 1994.
50. D. B. Rutledge, D. P. Neikirk, and D. P. Kasilingam, "Integrated- circuit antennas," in Infrared and Millimeter Waves, K. J. Button, Ed. New York: Academic, 1983, pp. 1-90.
51. J. V. Rudd and D. M. Mittleman, "The influence of substrate lens design in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 19, pp. 319-329, 2002.
52. Y. Zhu and A. Cangellaris, Multigrid Finite Element Methods for Electromagnetic Field Modeling, ser. The IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory, D. G. Dudley, Ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, Inc., 2006.
53. J. A. Deibel et al., "Enhanced coupling of terahertz radiation to cylindrical wire waveguides," Opt. Express, vol. 14, pp. 279-290, 2006.
54. F. Yang, J. R. Sambles, and G. W. Bradberry, "Long-range surface modes supported by thin films," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 44, pp. 5855-5572, 1991.
55. J. V. Rudd, J. L. Johnson, and D. M. Mittleman, "Cross-polarized angular emission patterns from lens-coupled terahertz antennas," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 18, pp. 1524-1533, 2001.
56. H. Cao and A. Nahata, "Coupling of terahertz pulses onto a single metal wire waveguide using milled grooves," Opt. Express, vol. 13, no. 18, pp. 7028-7034, 2005.
57. J. Deibel, M. Escarra, and D. M. Mittleman, "Photoconductive terahertz antenna with radial symmetry," Electron. Lett., vol. 41, pp. 9-10, 2005.
58. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 1999.
59. P. U. Jepsen and S. R. Keiding, "Radiation patterns from lens coupled terahertz antennas," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 807-809, 1995.
60. C. Fattinger and D. Grischkowsky, "Terahertz beams," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 54, pp. 490-492, 1989.
61. G. Chang et al., "Generation of radially polarized terahertz pulses via velocity-mismatched optical rectification," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 433-435, 2007.
62. M. Walther et al., "Emission and detection of terahertz pulses from a metal-tip antenna," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 22, pp. 2357-2365, 2005.
63. M. Walther, M. R. Freeman, and F. A. Hegmann, "Metal-wire terahertz time-domain spectroscopy," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 87, p. 261 107, 2005.
64. J. A. Deibel et al., "Frequency-dependent radiation patterns emitted by THz plasmons on finite length cylindrical wires," Opt. Express, vol. 14, pp. 8772-8778, 2006.
65. S. A. Maier et al., "Terahertz surface plasmon-polariton propagation and focusing on periodically corrugated metal wires," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 97, p. 176 805, 2006.
66. K. Matsumaru, "Reflection of a pyramidally tapered rectangular waveguide," IRE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. MTT-7, no. 2, pp. 192-196, Apr. 1959.
67. F. Sporleder and H.-G. Unger, Waveguide Tapers, Transitions, & Couplers, ser. IEE Electromagnetic Waves Series. London, U.K.: IEE, 1979.
68. N. N. Qaddoumi, M. Abou-Khousa, and W. M. Saleh, "Near-field microwave imaging utilizing tapered rectangular waveguides," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1752-1756, Oct. 2006.
69. D. F. P. Pile and D. K. Gramotnev, "Adiabatic and nonadiabatic nanofocusing of plasmons by tapered waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 89, p. 041 111, 2006.
70. M. I. Stockman, "Nanofocusing of optical energy in tapered plasmonic waveguides," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 93, no. 13, p. 137 404, 2004.
71. S. John, "Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 58, pp. 2486-2489, 1987.
72. E. Yablonovitch, "Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 58, pp. 2059-2062, 1987.
73. Z. Jian and D. M. Mittleman, "Characterization of guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 100, p. 123 113, 2006.
74. Z. Jian and D. M. Mittleman, "Out-of-plane dispersion and homogenization in photonic crystal slabs," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 87, p. 191 113, 2005.
75. T. Prasad et al., "The superprism effect in a metal-clad terahertz photonic crystal slab," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 683-685, 2007.