메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 1693-1705

Candesartan cilexetil - A review of effects on cardiovascular complications in hypertension and chronic heart failure

Author keywords

Candesartan; Cardiovascular disease; Heart failure; Hypertension

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CANDESARTAN HEXETIL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ENALAPRIL; FELODIPINE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE PLUS LOSARTAN; IRBESARTAN; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; PLACEBO; VALSARTAN;

EID: 34547184060     PISSN: 03007995     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1185/030079907X210723     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (21)

References (126)
  • 1
    • 33646799069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: Systematic analysis of population health data
    • Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, et al. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006;367:1747-57
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 1747-1757
    • Lopez, A.D.1    Mathers, C.D.2    Ezzati, M.3
  • 3
    • 34547157234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thom T, Haase N, Rosamond W, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee [online]. Available from www.circulationaha. org
    • Thom T, Haase N, Rosamond W, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee [online]. Available from www.circulationaha. org
  • 4
    • 0026061942 scopus 로고
    • Resolved and unresolved issues in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease: A workshop consensus statement
    • Dzau V, Braunwald E. Resolved and unresolved issues in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease: a workshop consensus statement. Am Heart J 1991;121:1244-63
    • (1991) Am Heart J , vol.121 , pp. 1244-1263
    • Dzau, V.1    Braunwald, E.2
  • 5
    • 33748359554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing the cardiovascular complications of hypertension
    • Trenkwalder P. Preventing the cardiovascular complications of hypertension. Eur Heart J Suppl 2004;6:H37-H42
    • (2004) Eur Heart J Suppl , vol.6
    • Trenkwalder, P.1
  • 6
    • 18544369738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cardiovascular continuum and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade
    • Dzau V. The cardiovascular continuum and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade. J Hypertens 2005;23(Suppl): S9-S17
    • (2005) J Hypertens , vol.23 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Dzau, V.1
  • 7
    • 0141617552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of cardiovascular disease: Following the link from hypertension to myocardial infarction and heart failure
    • Black HR. The burden of cardiovascular disease: following the link from hypertension to myocardial infarction and heart failure. Am J Hypertens 2003;16:4S-6S
    • (2003) Am J Hypertens , vol.16
    • Black, H.R.1
  • 8
    • 0029960897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of disease progression, left ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure in hypertension treatment trials
    • Moser M, Herbert P. Prevention of disease progression, left ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure in hypertension treatment trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:1214-8
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.27 , pp. 1214-1218
    • Moser, M.1    Herbert, P.2
  • 9
    • 2342550627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ALLHAT: A critical assessment
    • Sjoholm A. ALLHAT: a critical assessment. Blood Press 2004;13:75-9
    • (2004) Blood Press , vol.13 , pp. 75-79
    • Sjoholm, A.1
  • 10
    • 4844226726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ALLHAT: What has it taught us so far?
    • Leenen FH. ALLHAT: what has it taught us so far? Can Med Assoc J 2004;171:719-20
    • (2004) Can Med Assoc J , vol.171 , pp. 719-720
    • Leenen, F.H.1
  • 11
    • 33646404629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension treatment and implications of recent cardiovascular outcome trials
    • Weber MA. Hypertension treatment and implications of recent cardiovascular outcome trials. J Hypertens Suppl 2006;24: S37-S44
    • (2006) J Hypertens Suppl , vol.24
    • Weber, M.A.1
  • 12
    • 34547147076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 receptor in the cardiovascular continuum. Eur Heart J Suppl 2004;6:H3-H9
    • 1 receptor in the cardiovascular continuum. Eur Heart J Suppl 2004;6:H3-H9
  • 13
    • 33846362954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II cell signaling: Physiological and pathological effects in the cardiovascular system
    • Mehta PK, Griendling KK. Angiotensin II cell signaling: physiological and pathological effects in the cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007;292:C82-C97
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.292
    • Mehta, P.K.1    Griendling, K.K.2
  • 14
    • 18244407290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 receptor comes of age. Hypertension 2005;45:840-4
    • 2 receptor comes of age. Hypertension 2005;45:840-4
  • 16
    • 0027048340 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors as cardioprotective agents
    • Massie BM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors as cardioprotective agents. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:101-171
    • (1992) Am J Cardiol , vol.70 , pp. 101-171
    • Massie, B.M.1
  • 17
    • 0021691568 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hypertension with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
    • Johnston CI. Treatment of hypertension with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Aust New Zealand J Med 1984;14:509-13
    • (1984) Aust New Zealand J Med , vol.14 , pp. 509-513
    • Johnston, C.I.1
  • 18
    • 0028263639 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II receptor antagonists: A new approach to blockade of the renin-angiotensin system
    • Kang PM, Landau AJ, Eberhardt RT, Frishman WH. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists: a new approach to blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Am Heart J 1994;127:1388-401
    • (1994) Am Heart J , vol.127 , pp. 1388-1401
    • Kang, P.M.1    Landau, A.J.2    Eberhardt, R.T.3    Frishman, W.H.4
  • 19
    • 0033386873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interrupting the renin-angiotensin system: The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists in the treatment of hypertension
    • Weber MA. Interrupting the renin-angiotensin system: the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists in the treatment of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1999;12:189S-194S
    • (1999) Am J Hypertens , vol.12
    • Weber, M.A.1
  • 20
    • 18644365347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-II receptor blockers: Benefits beyond blood pressure reduction?
    • Volpe M, Ruilope LM, McInnes GT, et al. Angiotensin-II receptor blockers: benefits beyond blood pressure reduction? J Hum Hypertens 2005;19:331-9
    • (2005) J Hum Hypertens , vol.19 , pp. 331-339
    • Volpe, M.1    Ruilope, L.M.2    McInnes, G.T.3
  • 21
    • 0033851901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE inhibition and AT(1) receptor blockers: Efficacy and duration in hypertension
    • Meredith PA. ACE inhibition and AT(1) receptor blockers: efficacy and duration in hypertension. Heart 2000;84(Suppl 1): i39-i41
    • (2000) Heart , vol.84 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Meredith, P.A.1
  • 22
    • 0034968894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues in hypertension: Drug tolerability and special populations
    • Gavras HP. Issues in hypertension: drug tolerability and special populations. Am J Hypertens 2001;14:231S-236S
    • (2001) Am J Hypertens , vol.14
    • Gavras, H.P.1
  • 23
    • 0026762669 scopus 로고
    • Cough and angioneurotic edema associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. A review of the literature and pathophysiology
    • Israili ZH, Hall WD. Cough and angioneurotic edema associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. A review of the literature and pathophysiology. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:234-42
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 234-242
    • Israili, Z.H.1    Hall, W.D.2
  • 24
    • 0018975497 scopus 로고
    • The captopril-induced eruption. A possible mechanism: Cutaneous kinin potentiation
    • Wilkin JK, Hammond JJ, Kirkendall WM. The captopril-induced eruption. A possible mechanism: cutaneous kinin potentiation. Arch Dermatol 1980;116:902-5
    • (1980) Arch Dermatol , vol.116 , pp. 902-905
    • Wilkin, J.K.1    Hammond, J.J.2    Kirkendall, W.M.3
  • 26
    • 0024258818 scopus 로고
    • Safety profiles of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
    • Warner NJ, Rush JE. Safety profiles of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Drugs 1988;35(Suppl 5):89-97
    • (1988) Drugs , vol.35 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 89-97
    • Warner, N.J.1    Rush, J.E.2
  • 27
    • 0023060592 scopus 로고
    • Safety profiles of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors captopril and enalapril
    • Irvin JD, Viau JM. Safety profiles of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors captopril and enalapril. Am J Med 1986;81: 46-50
    • (1986) Am J Med , vol.81 , pp. 46-50
    • Irvin, J.D.1    Viau, J.M.2
  • 28
  • 29
    • 3442877524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cough and angioedema from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: New insights into mechanisms and management
    • Dykewicz MS. Cough and angioedema from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: new insights into mechanisms and management. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;4: 267-70
    • (2004) Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 267-270
    • Dykewicz, M.S.1
  • 30
    • 0033961969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on the clinical pharmacology of candesartan cilexetil
    • Gavras H. Update on the clinical pharmacology of candesartan cilexetil. Am J Hypertens 2000;13:25S-30S
    • (2000) Am J Hypertens , vol.13
    • Gavras, H.1
  • 31
    • 0033390259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan cilexetil: An angiotensin II receptor blocker
    • Stoukides CA, McVoy HJ, Kaul AF. Candesartan cilexetil: an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Ann Pharmacother 1999;33:1287-98
    • (1999) Ann Pharmacother , vol.33 , pp. 1287-1298
    • Stoukides, C.A.1    McVoy, H.J.2    Kaul, A.F.3
  • 32
    • 25844476905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin receptor blockers: Therapeutic targets and cardiovascular protection
    • Ruilope LM, Rosei EA, Bakris GL, et al. Angiotensin receptor blockers: therapeutic targets and cardiovascular protection. Blood Press 2005;14:196-209
    • (2005) Blood Press , vol.14 , pp. 196-209
    • Ruilope, L.M.1    Rosei, E.A.2    Bakris, G.L.3
  • 33
    • 33748696800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From hypertension to heart failure - are there better primary prevention strategies?
    • Meredith P, Ostergren J. From hypertension to heart failure - are there better primary prevention strategies? J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2006;7:64-73
    • (2006) J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst , vol.7 , pp. 64-73
    • Meredith, P.1    Ostergren, J.2
  • 34
    • 0028798158 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure variability and its implications for antihypertensive therapy
    • Meredith P, Perloff D, Mancia G, Pickering T. Blood pressure variability and its implications for antihypertensive therapy. Blood Pressure 1995;4:5-11
    • (1995) Blood Pressure , vol.4 , pp. 5-11
    • Meredith, P.1    Perloff, D.2    Mancia, G.3    Pickering, T.4
  • 35
    • 21244471510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-acting blood pressure reduction by candesartan cilexetil in patients with hypertension
    • Bonner G, Fuchs W. Long-acting blood pressure reduction by candesartan cilexetil in patients with hypertension. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:935-40
    • (2005) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.21 , pp. 935-940
    • Bonner, G.1    Fuchs, W.2
  • 36
    • 0028024815 scopus 로고
    • Trough:peak ratio and twenty-four-hour blood pressure control
    • Elliott HL. Trough:peak ratio and twenty-four-hour blood pressure control. J Hypertens Suppl 1994;12:S29-S33
    • (1994) J Hypertens Suppl , vol.12
    • Elliott, H.L.1
  • 37
    • 0030713021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure
    • Joint National Committee
    • Joint National Committee. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2413-46
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 2413-2446
  • 38
    • 0032905903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Key features of candesartan cilexetil and a comparison with other angiotensin II receptor antagonists
    • Sever PS. Key features of candesartan cilexetil and a comparison with other angiotensin II receptor antagonists. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(Suppl 1):S3-S10
    • (1999) J Hum Hypertens , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Sever, P.S.1
  • 39
    • 0031882729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antihypertensive effect and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil, a new generation angiotensin II antagonist, in comparison with losartan
    • Andersson OK, Neldam S. The antihypertensive effect and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil, a new generation angiotensin II antagonist, in comparison with losartan. Blood Press 1998;7:53-9
    • (1998) Blood Press , vol.7 , pp. 53-59
    • Andersson, O.K.1    Neldam, S.2
  • 40
    • 0033813470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Achieving quality 24-h blood pressure control with candesartan cilexetil
    • Meredith P. Achieving quality 24-h blood pressure control with candesartan cilexetil. Blood Press Suppl 2000;1:23-6
    • (2000) Blood Press Suppl , vol.1 , pp. 23-26
    • Meredith, P.1
  • 42
    • 0030661710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan cilexetil, a new generation angiotensin II antagonist, provides dose dependent antihypertensive effect
    • Elmfeldt D, George M, Hubner R, Olofsson B. Candesartan cilexetil, a new generation angiotensin II antagonist, provides dose dependent antihypertensive effect. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11:S49-S53
    • (1997) J Hum Hypertens , vol.11
    • Elmfeldt, D.1    George, M.2    Hubner, R.3    Olofsson, B.4
  • 43
    • 0031461066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of candesartan after administration of its pro-drug candesartan cilexetil in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension - a population analysis
    • Meineke I, Feltkamp H, Hogemann A, Gundert-Remy U. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of candesartan after administration of its pro-drug candesartan cilexetil in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension - a population analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1997;53:221-8
    • (1997) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.53 , pp. 221-228
    • Meineke, I.1    Feltkamp, H.2    Hogemann, A.3    Gundert-Remy, U.4
  • 44
    • 0033555514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bell TP, DeQuattro V, Lasseter KC, et al. Effective dose range of candesartan cilexetil for systemic hypertension [Candesartan Cilexetil Study Investigators]. Am J Cardiol 1999;83: 272-5, A6
    • Bell TP, DeQuattro V, Lasseter KC, et al. Effective dose range of candesartan cilexetil for systemic hypertension [Candesartan Cilexetil Study Investigators]. Am J Cardiol 1999;83: 272-5, A6
  • 45
    • 0032532076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of candesartan cilexetil in patients with systemic hypertension [Candesartan Cilexetil Study Investigators]
    • Reif M, White WB, Fagan TC, et al. Effects of candesartan cilexetil in patients with systemic hypertension [Candesartan Cilexetil Study Investigators]. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:961-5
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.82 , pp. 961-965
    • Reif, M.1    White, W.B.2    Fagan, T.C.3
  • 46
    • 34547207786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern strategies in hypertension management
    • Meredith P. Modern strategies in hypertension management. Eur Heart J Suppl 2004;6:H23-H29
    • (2004) Eur Heart J Suppl , vol.6
    • Meredith, P.1
  • 47
    • 0031472678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical profile of the novel angiotensin II type I blocker candesartan cilexetil
    • Sever PS. Clinical profile of the novel angiotensin II type I blocker candesartan cilexetil. J Hypertens Suppl 1997;15: S9-S12
    • (1997) J Hypertens Suppl , vol.15
    • Sever, P.S.1
  • 48
    • 0033391893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the efficacy and duration of action of candesartan cilexetil and losartan as assessed by clinic and ambulatory blood pressure after a missed dose, in truly hypertensive patients: A placebo-controlled, forced titration study [Candesartan/Losartan study investigators]
    • Lacourciere Y, Asmar R. A comparison of the efficacy and duration of action of candesartan cilexetil and losartan as assessed by clinic and ambulatory blood pressure after a missed dose, in truly hypertensive patients: a placebo-controlled, forced titration study [Candesartan/Losartan study investigators]. Am J Hypertens 1999;12:1181-7
    • (1999) Am J Hypertens , vol.12 , pp. 1181-1187
    • Lacourciere, Y.1    Asmar, R.2
  • 50
    • 33745579670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-lasting angiotensin type 1 receptor binding and protection by candesartan: Comparison with other biphenyl-tetrazole sartans
    • Vauquelin G, Fierens F, Van Liefde I. Long-lasting angiotensin type 1 receptor binding and protection by candesartan: comparison with other biphenyl-tetrazole sartans. J Hypertens Suppl 2006;24:S23-S30
    • (2006) J Hypertens Suppl , vol.24
    • Vauquelin, G.1    Fierens, F.2    Van Liefde, I.3
  • 51
    • 0035852724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers
    • Burnier M. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers. Circulation 2001;103:904-12
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 904-912
    • Burnier, M.1
  • 52
    • 0036429265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-receptor blockers. Differences in potency and efficacy. Blood Press 2002;11:293-301
    • 1-receptor blockers. Differences in potency and efficacy. Blood Press 2002;11:293-301
  • 53
    • 0036380141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 receptor blockade on blood pressure, renal haemodynamics and hormonal responses to intravenous angiotensin II infusion in hypertensive patients. Blood Press 2002;11:244-52
    • 1 receptor blockade on blood pressure, renal haemodynamics and hormonal responses to intravenous angiotensin II infusion in hypertensive patients. Blood Press 2002;11:244-52
  • 54
    • 0034959207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan in comparison to losartan: The CLAIM study
    • Bakris G, Gradman A, Reif M, et al. Antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan in comparison to losartan: the CLAIM study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2001;3:16-21
    • (2001) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) , vol.3 , pp. 16-21
    • Bakris, G.1    Gradman, A.2    Reif, M.3
  • 55
    • 0033123506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of candesartan cilexetil and losartan in patients with systemic hypertension [Candesartan Versus Losartan Efficacy Comparison (CANDLE) Study Group]
    • Gradman AH, Lewin A, Bowling BT, et al. Comparative effects of candesartan cilexetil and losartan in patients with systemic hypertension [Candesartan Versus Losartan Efficacy Comparison (CANDLE) Study Group]. Heart Dis 1999;1:52-7
    • (1999) Heart Dis , vol.1 , pp. 52-57
    • Gradman, A.H.1    Lewin, A.2    Bowling, B.T.3
  • 56
    • 33645543047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive efficacy of olmesartan medoxomil and candesartan cilexetil in achieving 24-hour blood pressure reductions and ambulatory blood pressure goals
    • Brunner HR, Arakawa K. Antihypertensive efficacy of olmesartan medoxomil and candesartan cilexetil in achieving 24-hour blood pressure reductions and ambulatory blood pressure goals. Clin Drug Invest 2006;26:185-93
    • (2006) Clin Drug Invest , vol.26 , pp. 185-193
    • Brunner, H.R.1    Arakawa, K.2
  • 57
    • 0041508544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of candesartan with lisinopril on ambulatory blood pressure and morning surge in patients with systemic hypertension
    • Eguchi K, Kario K, Shimada K. Comparison of candesartan with lisinopril on ambulatory blood pressure and morning surge in patients with systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:621-4
    • (2003) Am J Cardiol , vol.92 , pp. 621-624
    • Eguchi, K.1    Kario, K.2    Shimada, K.3
  • 58
    • 3543019104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of candesartan and lisinopril alone and in combination on blood pressure and microalbuminuria
    • Morgan T, Anderson A, Bertram D, MacInnis RJ. Effect of candesartan and lisinopril alone and in combination on blood pressure and microalbuminuria. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2004;5:64-71
    • (2004) J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst , vol.5 , pp. 64-71
    • Morgan, T.1    Anderson, A.2    Bertram, D.3    MacInnis, R.J.4
  • 59
    • 0001562166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of clinical usefulness of TCV-116 (candesartan cilexetil) in patients with essential hypertension - a double-blind, parallel group-comparison study using enalapril maleate as control drug
    • Arakawa K, Ogihara T, Iimura O, et al. Evaluation of clinical usefulness of TCV-116 (candesartan cilexetil) in patients with essential hypertension - a double-blind, parallel group-comparison study using enalapril maleate as control drug. J Clin Ther Med 1996;12:2613-61
    • (1996) J Clin Ther Med , vol.12 , pp. 2613-2661
    • Arakawa, K.1    Ogihara, T.2    Iimura, O.3
  • 60
    • 0030712995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive effects of candesartan cilexetil, enalapril and placebo
    • Franke H. Antihypertensive effects of candesartan cilexetil, enalapril and placebo. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11(Suppl 2): S61-S62
    • (1997) J Hum Hypertens , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Franke, H.1
  • 61
    • 0030699197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan cilexetil and enalapril are of equivalent efficacy in patients with mild to moderate hypertension
    • Zanchetti A, Omboni S, Di Biagio C. Candesartan cilexetil and enalapril are of equivalent efficacy in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11 (Suppl 2): S57-S59
    • (1997) J Hum Hypertens , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Zanchetti, A.1    Omboni, S.2    Di Biagio, C.3
  • 62
    • 0036855573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of candesartan and enalapril on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension: The candesartan assessment in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy (CATCH) study
    • Cuspidi C, Muiesan ML, Valagussa L, et al. Comparative effects of candesartan and enalapril on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension: the candesartan assessment in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy (CATCH) study. J Hypertens 2002;20:2293-300
    • (2002) J Hypertens , vol.20 , pp. 2293-2300
    • Cuspidi, C.1    Muiesan, M.L.2    Valagussa, L.3
  • 63
    • 0035070431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect duration of candesartan cilexetil once daily, in comparison with enalapril once daily, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension
    • Himmelmann A, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, Wester A, et al. The effect duration of candesartan cilexetil once daily, in comparison with enalapril once daily, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Blood Press 2001;10:43-51
    • (2001) Blood Press , vol.10 , pp. 43-51
    • Himmelmann, A.1    Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S.2    Wester, A.3
  • 64
    • 0034029720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1) receptor blockade in hypertensive women: Benefits of candesartan cilexetil versus enalapril or hydrochlorothiazide
    • 1) receptor blockade in hypertensive women: benefits of candesartan cilexetil versus enalapril or hydrochlorothiazide. Am J Hypertens 2000;13:504-11
    • (2000) Am J Hypertens , vol.13 , pp. 504-511
    • Malmqvist, K.1    Kahan, T.2    Dahl, M.3
  • 65
    • 0035146855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive effects and tolerability of candesartan alone and in combination with amlodipine
    • Farsang C, Kawecka-Jaszcz K, Langan J, et al. Antihypertensive effects and tolerability of candesartan alone and in combination with amlodipine. Clin Drug Invest 2001;21:17-23
    • (2001) Clin Drug Invest , vol.21 , pp. 17-23
    • Farsang, C.1    Kawecka-Jaszcz, K.2    Langan, J.3
  • 66
    • 13844315305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil vs. amlodipine as assessed by home blood pressure in hypertensive patients
    • Imbs JL, Nisse-Durgeat S. Efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil vs. amlodipine as assessed by home blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Int J Clin Pract 2005;59:78-84
    • (2005) Int J Clin Pract , vol.59 , pp. 78-84
    • Imbs, J.L.1    Nisse-Durgeat, S.2
  • 67
    • 38349004014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical guideline 34: Hypertension
    • NICE/BHS, online, Available from, accessed 28 June
    • NICE/BHS. Clinical guideline 34: hypertension. Management of hypertension in adults in primary care: Partial update [online]. Available from http://www.nice.org.uk/CG034guidance [accessed 28 June 2006]
    • (2006) Management of hypertension in adults in primary care: Partial update
  • 68
    • 0037527647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
    • European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology
    • European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology. 2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2003;21:1011-53
    • (2003) J Hypertens 2003 , vol.21 , pp. 1011-1053
  • 69
    • 22244471384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II receptor antagonists alone and combined with hydrochlorothiazide: Potential benefits beyond the antihypertensive effect
    • Meredith PA. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists alone and combined with hydrochlorothiazide: potential benefits beyond the antihypertensive effect. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2005;5: 171-83
    • (2005) Am J Cardiovasc Drugs , vol.5 , pp. 171-183
    • Meredith, P.A.1
  • 70
    • 0034006111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of combination tablets containing candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide or losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with moderate to severe hypertension: Results of the CARLOS study
    • Koenig W. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of combination tablets containing candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide or losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with moderate to severe hypertension: results of the CARLOS study. Clin Drug Invest 2000;19:239-46
    • (2000) Clin Drug Invest , vol.19 , pp. 239-246
    • Koenig, W.1
  • 71
    • 0033803617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of a combination tablet of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide in insufficiently controlled primary hypertension - comparison with a combination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide
    • Ohman KP, Milon H, Valnes K. Efficacy and tolerability of a combination tablet of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide in insufficiently controlled primary hypertension - comparison with a combination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide. Blood Press 2000;9:214-20
    • (2000) Blood Press , vol.9 , pp. 214-220
    • Ohman, K.P.1    Milon, H.2    Valnes, K.3
  • 72
    • 0036015042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of candesartan, felodipine, and their combination in the treatment of elderly patients with systolic hypertension
    • Morgan T, Anderson A. A comparison of candesartan, felodipine, and their combination in the treatment of elderly patients with systolic hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2002;15:544-9
    • (2002) Am J Hypertens , vol.15 , pp. 544-549
    • Morgan, T.1    Anderson, A.2
  • 73
    • 12844262143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term dual blockade with candesartan and lisinopril in hypertensive patients with diabetes: The CALM II study
    • Andersen NH, Poulsen PL, Knudsen ST, et al. Long-term dual blockade with candesartan and lisinopril in hypertensive patients with diabetes: the CALM II study. Diabetes Care 2005;28:273-7
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 273-277
    • Andersen, N.H.1    Poulsen, P.L.2    Knudsen, S.T.3
  • 74
    • 7944227453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan-lisinopril in combination vs. up-titration of lisinopril: The AMAZE trials
    • Izzo Jr JL, Weinberg MS, Hainer JW, et al. Antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan-lisinopril in combination vs. up-titration of lisinopril: the AMAZE trials. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2004;6:485-93
    • (2004) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) , vol.6 , pp. 485-493
    • Izzo Jr, J.L.1    Weinberg, M.S.2    Hainer, J.W.3
  • 75
    • 0036369626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy: A randomized double-blind crossover study
    • Rossing K, Christensen PK, Jensen BR, Parving HH. Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy: a randomized double-blind crossover study. Diabetes Care 2002;25:95-100
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 95-100
    • Rossing, K.1    Christensen, P.K.2    Jensen, B.R.3    Parving, H.H.4
  • 76
    • 0042525700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renoprotective effects of adding angiotensin II receptor blocker to maximal recommended doses of ACE inhibitor in diabetic nephropathy: A randomized double-blind crossover trial
    • Rossing K, Jacobsen P, Pietraszek L, Parving HH. Renoprotective effects of adding angiotensin II receptor blocker to maximal recommended doses of ACE inhibitor in diabetic nephropathy: a randomized double-blind crossover trial. Diabetes Care 2003;26:2268-74
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 2268-2274
    • Rossing, K.1    Jacobsen, P.2    Pietraszek, L.3    Parving, H.H.4
  • 77
    • 0034627208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: The candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (CALM) study
    • Mogensen CE, Neldam S, Tikkanen I, et al. Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: the candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (CALM) study. Br Med J 2000;321: 1440-4
    • (2000) Br Med J , vol.321 , pp. 1440-1444
    • Mogensen, C.E.1    Neldam, S.2    Tikkanen, I.3
  • 78
    • 0037181148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Vasan RS, Beiser A, Seshadri S, et al. Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: The Framingham Heart Study. J Am Med Assoc 2002;287:1003-10
    • (2002) J Am Med Assoc , vol.287 , pp. 1003-1010
    • Vasan, R.S.1    Beiser, A.2    Seshadri, S.3
  • 79
    • 0038460302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 report
    • Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. J Am Med Assoc 2003;289:2560-72
    • (2003) J Am Med Assoc , vol.289 , pp. 2560-2572
    • Chobanian, A.V.1    Bakris, G.L.2    Black, H.R.3
  • 80
    • 4544230268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, pathophysiology and treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly
    • Thijs L, Den Hond E, Nawrot T, Staessen JA. Prevalence, pathophysiology and treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2004;2:761-9
    • (2004) Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther , vol.2 , pp. 761-769
    • Thijs, L.1    Den Hond, E.2    Nawrot, T.3    Staessen, J.A.4
  • 81
    • 0030707643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil in an elderly hypertensive population
    • McInnes GT, O'Kane KPJ, Jonker J. The efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil in an elderly hypertensive population. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11:S75-S80
    • (1997) J Hum Hypertens , vol.11
    • McInnes, G.T.1    O'Kane, K.P.J.2    Jonker, J.3
  • 82
    • 0032720579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE)
    • Hansson L, Lithell H, Skoog I, et al. Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). Blood Press 1999;8: 177-83
    • (1999) Blood Press , vol.8 , pp. 177-183
    • Hansson, L.1    Lithell, H.2    Skoog, I.3
  • 83
    • 0037534905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): Principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial
    • Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, et al. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens 2003;21:875-86
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , pp. 875-886
    • Lithell, H.1    Hansson, L.2    Skoog, I.3
  • 84
    • 3843078519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE); outcomes in patients not receiving add-on therapy after randomization
    • Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, et al. The Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE); outcomes in patients not receiving add-on therapy after randomization. J Hypertens 2004;22:1605-12
    • (2004) J Hypertens , vol.22 , pp. 1605-1612
    • Lithell, H.1    Hansson, L.2    Skoog, I.3
  • 85
    • 33747752535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large scale study of angiotensin II inhibition therapy in an elderly population: The CHANCE study
    • Asmar R, Nisse-Durgeat S. A large scale study of angiotensin II inhibition therapy in an elderly population: the CHANCE study. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2006;2:317-23
    • (2006) Vasc Health Risk Manag , vol.2 , pp. 317-323
    • Asmar, R.1    Nisse-Durgeat, S.2
  • 86
    • 0034763769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ELITE II and Val-HeFT are different trials: Together what do they tell us?
    • Dickstein K. ELITE II and Val-HeFT are different trials: together what do they tell us? Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med 2001;2:240-3
    • (2001) Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med , vol.2 , pp. 240-243
    • Dickstein, K.1
  • 87
    • 0042410539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: The CHARM-Overall programme
    • Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, et al. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet 2003;362:759-66
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 759-766
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1    Swedberg, K.2    Granger, C.B.3
  • 88
    • 0041909380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: The CHARM-Alternative trial
    • Granger CB, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet 2003;362: 772-6
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 772-776
    • Granger, C.B.1    McMurray, J.J.2    Yusuf, S.3
  • 89
    • 0041408235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: The CHARM-Added trial
    • McMurray JJ, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet 2003;362:767-71
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 767-771
    • McMurray, J.J.1    Ostergren, J.2    Swedberg, K.3
  • 90
    • 0041408234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: The CHARM-Preserved trial
    • Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved trial. Lancet 2003;362:777-81
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 777-781
    • Yusuf, S.1    Pfeffer, M.A.2    Swedberg, K.3
  • 91
    • 33646094699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of dose of background angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor to the benefits of candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM)-Added trial
    • McMurray JJ, Young JB, Dunlap ME, et al. Relationship of dose of background angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor to the benefits of candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM)-Added trial. Am Heart J 2006;151:985-91
    • (2006) Am Heart J , vol.151 , pp. 985-991
    • McMurray, J.J.1    Young, J.B.2    Dunlap, M.E.3
  • 92
    • 7544249402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and morbidity reduction with candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: Results of the CHARM low-left ventricular ejection fraction trials
    • Young JB, Dunlap ME, Pfeffer MA, et al. Mortality and morbidity reduction with candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results of the CHARM low-left ventricular ejection fraction trials. Circulation 2004;110:2618-26
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 2618-2626
    • Young, J.B.1    Dunlap, M.E.2    Pfeffer, M.A.3
  • 93
    • 7544246246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of candesartan on New York Heart Association functional class. Results of the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme
    • O'Meara E, Solomon S, McMurray J, et al. Effect of candesartan on New York Heart Association functional class. Results of the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1920-6
    • (2004) Eur Heart J , vol.25 , pp. 1920-1926
    • O'Meara, E.1    Solomon, S.2    McMurray, J.3
  • 94
    • 0042154108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic outcome during 1 year in newly detected hypertensives: Results of the Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in a North of Sweden Efficacy Evaluation (ALPINE study)
    • Lindholm LH, Persson M, Alaupovic P, et al. Metabolic outcome during 1 year in newly detected hypertensives: results of the Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in a North of Sweden Efficacy Evaluation (ALPINE study). J Hypertens 2003;21:1563-74
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , pp. 1563-1574
    • Lindholm, L.H.1    Persson, M.2    Alaupovic, P.3
  • 95
    • 21844434198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of candesartan on the development of a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failure
    • Yusuf S, Ostergren JB, Gerstein HC, et al. Effects of candesartan on the development of a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failure. Circulation 2005;112:48-53
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 48-53
    • Yusuf, S.1    Ostergren, J.B.2    Gerstein, H.C.3
  • 96
    • 0021797133 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of diabetic retinopathy and blindness: A population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota
    • Dwyer MS, Melton III LJ, Ballard DJ, et al. Incidence of diabetic retinopathy and blindness: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota. Diabetes Care 1985;8:316-22
    • (1985) Diabetes Care , vol.8 , pp. 316-322
    • Dwyer, M.S.1    Melton III, L.J.2    Ballard, D.J.3
  • 97
    • 0021136256 scopus 로고
    • The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years
    • Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol 1984;102:520-6
    • (1984) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.102 , pp. 520-526
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.2    Moss, S.E.3
  • 99
    • 0036986361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Diabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) programme, rationale and study design
    • Chaturvedi N, Sjolie AK, Svensson A. The Diabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) programme, rationale and study design. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2002;3:255-61
    • (2002) J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst , vol.3 , pp. 255-261
    • Chaturvedi, N.1    Sjolie, A.K.2    Svensson, A.3
  • 100
    • 20444402237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Diabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) programme: Baseline characteristics
    • The DIRECT Programme Study Group
    • The DIRECT Programme Study Group. The Diabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) programme: baseline characteristics. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2005;6:25-32
    • (2005) J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst , vol.6 , pp. 25-32
  • 101
    • 0038290257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
    • Harvey JN. Trends in the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2003;12:317-22
    • (2003) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens , vol.12 , pp. 317-322
    • Harvey, J.N.1
  • 102
    • 33750103663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan, an angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker, reduces cardiovascular events in patients on chronic haemodialysis - a randomized study
    • Takahashi A, Takase H, Toriyama T, et al. Candesartan, an angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker, reduces cardiovascular events in patients on chronic haemodialysis - a randomized study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21:2507-12
    • (2006) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.21 , pp. 2507-2512
    • Takahashi, A.1    Takase, H.2    Toriyama, T.3
  • 103
    • 34547201167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-receptor blockade on cardiovascular structure and function. Eur Heart J Suppl 2004;6:H17-H21
    • 1-receptor blockade on cardiovascular structure and function. Eur Heart J Suppl 2004;6:H17-H21
  • 104
    • 0028035369 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic implications of baseline electrocardiographic features and their serial changes in subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy
    • Levy D, Salomon M, D'Agostino RB, et al. Prognostic implications of baseline electrocardiographic features and their serial changes in subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 1994;90:1786-93
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 1786-1793
    • Levy, D.1    Salomon, M.2    D'Agostino, R.B.3
  • 105
    • 0028807479 scopus 로고
    • Association of change in left ventricular mass with prognosis during long-term antihypertensive treatment
    • Muiesan ML, Salvetti M, Rizzoni D, et al. Association of change in left ventricular mass with prognosis during long-term antihypertensive treatment. J Hypertens 1995;13:1091-5
    • (1995) J Hypertens , vol.13 , pp. 1091-1095
    • Muiesan, M.L.1    Salvetti, M.2    Rizzoni, D.3
  • 106
    • 0031951913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension is related to cognitive impairment: A 20-year follow-up of 999 men
    • Kilander L, Nyman H, Boberg M, et al. Hypertension is related to cognitive impairment: a 20-year follow-up of 999 men. Hypertension 1998;31:780-6
    • (1998) Hypertension , vol.31 , pp. 780-786
    • Kilander, L.1    Nyman, H.2    Boberg, M.3
  • 107
    • 0025234906 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: Prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias
    • MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet 1990;335:765-74
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 765-774
    • MacMahon, S.1    Peto, R.2    Cutler, J.3
  • 108
    • 0030603535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia
    • Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S, et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet 1996;347:1141-5
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1141-1145
    • Skoog, I.1    Lernfelt, B.2    Landahl, S.3
  • 109
    • 0037160968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol
    • Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 995-1003
    • Dahlof, B.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3
  • 110
    • 16544380286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health-related quality of life during treatment of elderly patients with hypertension: Results from the Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE)
    • Degl'Innocenti A, Elmfeldt D, Hofman A, et al. Health-related quality of life during treatment of elderly patients with hypertension: results from the Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). J Hum Hypertens 2004;18:239-45
    • (2004) J Hum Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 239-245
    • Degl'Innocenti, A.1    Elmfeldt, D.2    Hofman, A.3
  • 112
    • 0038261970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ACCESS study: Evaluation of acute candesartan cilexetil therapy in stroke survivors
    • Schrader J, Luders S, Kulschewski A, et al. The ACCESS study: evaluation of acute candesartan cilexetil therapy in stroke survivors. Stroke 2003;34:1699-703
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 1699-1703
    • Schrader, J.1    Luders, S.2    Kulschewski, A.3
  • 113
    • 34547182550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial; 2007
    • Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial; 2007
  • 114
    • 2942635317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes in hypertension patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: The VALUE randomised trial
    • Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, et al. Outcomes in hypertension patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004;363:2022-31
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 2022-2031
    • Julius, S.1    Kjeldsen, S.E.2    Weber, M.3
  • 115
    • 0035922441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
    • Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. New Engl J Med 2001;345:861-9
    • (2001) New Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 861-869
    • Brenner, B.M.1    Cooper, M.E.2    de Zeeuw, D.3
  • 116
    • 33747767282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin receptor blockers may increase risk of myocardial infarction: Unraveling the ARB-MI paradox
    • Strauss MH, Hall AS. Angiotensin receptor blockers may increase risk of myocardial infarction: unraveling the ARB-MI paradox. Circulation 2006;114:838-54
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 838-854
    • Strauss, M.H.1    Hall, A.S.2
  • 117
    • 33747781181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin receptor blockers do not increase risk of myocardial infarction
    • Tsuyuki RT, McDonald MA. Angiotensin receptor blockers do not increase risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation 2006;114:855-60
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 855-860
    • Tsuyuki, R.T.1    McDonald, M.A.2
  • 118
    • 26944481628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of myocardial infarction: Systematic review
    • McDonald MA, Simpson SH, Ezekowitz JA, et al. Angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of myocardial infarction: systematic review. Br Med J 2005;331:873
    • (2005) Br Med J , vol.331 , pp. 873
    • McDonald, M.A.1    Simpson, S.H.2    Ezekowitz, J.A.3
  • 119
    • 33748343622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan- and atenolol-based treatments induce different patterns of carotid artery and left ventricular remodeling in hypertension
    • Ariff B, Zambanini A, Vamadeva S, et al. Candesartan- and atenolol-based treatments induce different patterns of carotid artery and left ventricular remodeling in hypertension. Stroke 2006;37:2381-4
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 2381-2384
    • Ariff, B.1    Zambanini, A.2    Vamadeva, S.3
  • 120
    • 0032497292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1998;98:946-52
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 946-952
    • Benjamin, E.J.1    Wolf, P.A.2    D'Agostino, R.B.3
  • 121
    • 0029029056 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of atrial fibrillation: Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba follow-up study
    • Krahn AD, Manfreda J, Tate RB, et al. The natural history of atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba follow-up study. Am J Med 1995;98:476-84
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.98 , pp. 476-484
    • Krahn, A.D.1    Manfreda, J.2    Tate, R.B.3
  • 122
    • 0028238365 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of hypertension
    • Whelton PK. Epidemiology of hypertension. Lancet 1994;344:101-6
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 101-106
    • Whelton, P.K.1
  • 123
    • 33646105845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program
    • Ducharme A, Swedberg K, Pfeffer MA, et al. Prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. Am Heart J 2006;151:985-91
    • (2006) Am Heart J , vol.151 , pp. 985-991
    • Ducharme, A.1    Swedberg, K.2    Pfeffer, M.A.3
  • 124
    • 33646254610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation and risk of clinical events in chronic heart failure with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: Results from the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme
    • Olsson LG, Swedberg K, Ducharme A, et al. Atrial fibrillation and risk of clinical events in chronic heart failure with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1997-2004
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.47 , pp. 1997-2004
    • Olsson, L.G.1    Swedberg, K.2    Ducharme, A.3
  • 125
    • 34248651181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan in the prevention of relapsing atrial fibrillation
    • Tveit A, Grundvold I, Olufsen M, et al. Candesartan in the prevention of relapsing atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2006
    • (2006) Int J Cardiol
    • Tveit, A.1    Grundvold, I.2    Olufsen, M.3
  • 126
    • 33745697921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource utilization and costs in the Cadesartan in the Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme
    • McMurray J, Andersson FL, Stewart S, et al. Resource utilization and costs in the Cadesartan in the Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1447-58
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 1447-1458
    • McMurray, J.1    Andersson, F.L.2    Stewart, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.