A continuous collection system for household pharmaceutical wastes: A pilot project

Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association

Volumn 57, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 828-835

  Musson, Stephen E ^a   Townsend, Timothy ^a   Seaburg, Kurt ^b   Mousa, John ^b  

^a J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering   (United States)

^b Alachua Co Environ Protect Dept   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL WASTES; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; HAZARDS; LAWS AND LEGISLATION; SANITARY SEWERS;

CONTINUOUS COLLECTION SYSTEMS; DRUG STORE CHAINS; NONPRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS; PHARMACEUTICAL HANDLING;

DRUG PRODUCTS;

ARTICLE; DOMESTIC WASTE; DRUG INDUSTRY; HEALTH SURVEY; PILOT STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

EID: 34547120961     PISSN: 10962247     EISSN: 21622906     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.57.7.828     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Ashton, D.; Hilton, M.; Thomas, K.V. Investigating the Environmental Transport of Human Pharmaceuticals to Streams in the United Kingdom; Sci. Tot. Env. 2004, 333, 167-184.
2. Wiegel, S.; Aulinger, A.; Brockmeyer, R.; Harms, H.; Löffler, J.; Reincke, H.; Schmidt, R.; Stachel, B.; von Tümpling, W.; Wanke, A. Pharmaceuticals in the River Elbe and Its Tributaries; Chemosphere 2004, 57, 107-126.
3. Hignite, C.; Azarnoff, D.L. Drugs and Drug Metabolites as Environmental Contaminants: Chlorophenxoyisobutyrate and Salicylic Acid in Sewage Water Effluent; Life Sci. 1977, 20, 337-342.
4. Kolpin, D.W.; Furlong, E.T.; Meyer, M.T.; Thurman, E.M.; Zaugg, S.D.; Barber, L.B.; Buxton, H.T. Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Streams, 1999-2000: a National Reconnaissance; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 1202-1211.
5. Daughton, C.G.; Ternes, T.A. Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment: Agents of Subtle Change? Environ. Health Perspect. 1999, 107(Suppl. 6), 907-938.
6. Sedlak, D.L.; Gray, J.L.; Pinkston, K.E. Understanding Micro Contaminants in Recycled Water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 509A-515A.
7. Fisher, P.M.J.; Borland, R. Gauging the Pharmaceutical Burden on Sydney's Environment: a Preventative Response. J. Cleaner Prod. 2003, 11, 315-320.
8. Bound, J.P.; Voulvoulis, N. Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment - a Comparison of Risk Assessment Strategies; Chemosphere 2004, 56, 1143-1155.
9. Ternes, T.A. Occurrence of Drugs in German Sewage Treatment Plants and Rivers; Water Res. 1998, 32, 3245-3260.
10. Hemminger, P. Damming the Flow of Drugs into Drinking Water; Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113, A678-A681.
11. Rxlist - The Internet Drug Index; available at http://www.rxlist.com (accessed 2006).
12. Snyder, S.; Kelly, K.L.; Grange, A.; Sovocool, G.W.; Synder, E.; Giesy, J.P. Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Waters of Lake Mead, Nevada; In Daughton, C.G.; Jones-Lepp, T., Eds.; Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment: Scientific and Regulatory Issues; Symposium Series 791; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2001.
13. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2004 with Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans; DHHS 2004-1232; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2004.
14. Kuspis, D.A.; Krenzelok, E.P. What Happens to Expired Medications? A Survey of Community Medication Disposal; Vet. Human Toxicol. 1996, 38, 48-49.
15. National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities. The Cost of Medication Waste, 1997; available at http://www.napra.ca/practice/ toolkits/toolkit9/wastecost.pdf (accessed 2004).
16. Bound, J.P.; Voulvoulis, N. Household Disposal of Pharmaceuticals as a Pathway for Aquatic Contamination in the United Kingdom; Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113, 1705-1711.
17. TDC Environmental. Household Pharmaceutical Waste: Regualtory and Management Issues, August 2004; available at http://www.tdcenvironmental. com/HouseholdPharmWasteMgtIssuesFinal.pdf (accessed 2005).
18. Return Unwanted Medicines; available at http://www.returnmed. com.au (accessed 2005).
19. Musson, S.; Townsend, T. Management of Discarded Pharmaceuticals; Pract. Period. Haz. Toxic Radioactive Waste Manage. 1998, 2, 89-92.
20. Andreozzi, R.; Raffaele, M.; Nicklas, P. Pharmaceuticals in STP Effluents and Their Solar Photodegredation in Aquatic Environment; Chemosphere 2003, 50, 1319-1330.
21. Stumpf, M.; Ternes, T.A.; Wilken, R.; Rodrigues, S.V.; Baumann, W. Polar Drug Residues in Sewage and Natural Waters in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Sci. Tot. Environ., 1999, 225, 135-141.
22. Hirsch, R.; Ternes, T.; Haberer, K.; Kratz, K. Occurence of Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment; Sci. Tor. Environ., 1999, 225, 109-118.
23. Ternes, T.; Stüber, J.; Herrmann, N.; McDowell, D.; Ried, A.; Kampmann, M.; Teiser, D. Ozonation: a Tool for Removal of Pharmaceuticals, Contrast Media and Musk Fragrances from Wastewater?; Water Res., 2003, 37, 1976-1982.