메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 454-467

Analytic insights into the population level impact of imperfect prophylactic HIV vaccines

Author keywords

HIV; Infectious disease; Mathematical model; Vaccine efficacy; Vaccines

Indexed keywords

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VACCINE;

EID: 34447305777     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3180959a94     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (106)
  • 1
    • 0033553287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIDS now world's fourth biggest killer
    • Balter M. AIDS now world's fourth biggest killer. Science. 1999;284:1101.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 1101
    • Balter, M.1
  • 2
    • 0038270791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for a global HIV vaccine enterprise
    • Klausner RD, Fauci AS, Corey L, et al. The need for a global HIV vaccine enterprise. Science. 2003;300:2036-2039.
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 2036-2039
    • Klausner, R.D.1    Fauci, A.S.2    Corey, L.3
  • 3
    • 0035815437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of a mucosal challenge and prevention of AIDS by a multiprotein DNA/MVAvaccine
    • Amara RR, Villinger F, Altman JD, et al. Control of a mucosal challenge and prevention of AIDS by a multiprotein DNA/MVAvaccine. Science. 2001;292:69-74.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 69-74
    • Amara, R.R.1    Villinger, F.2    Altman, J.D.3
  • 4
    • 0033766645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of viremia and prevention of clinical AIDS in rhesus monkeys by cytokine-augmented DNA vaccination
    • Barouch DH, Santra S, Schmitz JE, et al. Control of viremia and prevention of clinical AIDS in rhesus monkeys by cytokine-augmented DNA vaccination. Science. 2000;290:486-492.
    • (2000) Science , vol.290 , pp. 486-492
    • Barouch, D.H.1    Santra, S.2    Schmitz, J.E.3
  • 5
    • 0037122719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication-incompetent adenoviral vaccine vector elicits effective anti-immunodeficiency-virus immunity
    • Shiver JW, Fu TM, Chen L, et al. Replication-incompetent adenoviral vaccine vector elicits effective anti-immunodeficiency-virus immunity. Nature. 2002;415:331-335.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 331-335
    • Shiver, J.W.1    Fu, T.M.2    Chen, L.3
  • 6
    • 12444285808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential public health impact of imperfect HIV type 1 vaccines
    • Anderson R, Hanson M. Potential public health impact of imperfect HIV type 1 vaccines. J Infect Dis. 2005;191(Suppl 1):S85-S96.
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.191 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Anderson, R.1    Hanson, M.2
  • 7
    • 0030581592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-efficacy HIV vaccines: Potential for community-based intervention programmes
    • Anderson RM, Garnett GP. Low-efficacy HIV vaccines: potential for community-based intervention programmes. Lancet. 1996;348:1010-1013.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1010-1013
    • Anderson, R.M.1    Garnett, G.P.2
  • 8
    • 0031763442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale for the testing and use of a partially effective HIV vaccine
    • Vermund SH. Rationale for the testing and use of a partially effective HIV vaccine. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1998;14(Suppl 3):S321-S323.
    • (1998) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Vermund, S.H.1
  • 9
    • 17144452802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons for AIDS vaccine development from non-AIDS vaccines
    • Clements-Mann ML. Lessons for AIDS vaccine development from non-AIDS vaccines. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1998;14(Suppl 3):S197-S203.
    • (1998) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Clements-Mann, M.L.1
  • 10
    • 33646926767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The polio eradication endgame. As polio eradication nears realization, such real-world vaccination strategies could hold lessons for the future in AIDS vaccine development
    • 2006;10:13-17
    • Heymann DL, Aylward RB. The polio eradication endgame. As polio eradication nears realization, such real-world vaccination strategies could hold lessons for the future in AIDS vaccine development. IAVI Rep. 2006;10:13-17.
    • IAVI Rep
    • Heymann, D.L.1    Aylward, R.B.2
  • 11
    • 37049180710 scopus 로고
    • AIDS - modeling epidemic control - reply
    • Blower S, McLean A. AIDS - modeling epidemic control - reply. Science. 1995;267:1252-1253.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1252-1253
    • Blower, S.1    McLean, A.2
  • 12
    • 0037622914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting the future of HIVepidemics: The impact of antiretroviral therapies and imperfect vaccines
    • Blower S, Schwartz EJ, Mills J. Forecasting the future of HIVepidemics: the impact of antiretroviral therapies and imperfect vaccines. AIDS Rev. 2003;5:113-125.
    • (2003) AIDS Rev , vol.5 , pp. 113-125
    • Blower, S.1    Schwartz, E.J.2    Mills, J.3
  • 13
    • 0038667748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health policy modeling: Epidemic control, HIV vaccines and risky behavior
    • Brookmeyer KA, ed, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press;
    • Blower SM, Koelle K, Mills J. Health policy modeling: epidemic control, HIV vaccines and risky behavior. In: Brookmeyer KA, ed. Quantitative Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs: New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2002:260-289.
    • (2002) Quantitative Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs , pp. 260-289
    • Blower, S.M.1    Koelle, K.2    Mills, J.3
  • 14
    • 0028145367 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic vaccines, risk behavior change, and the probability of eradicating HIV in San Francisco
    • Blower SM, McLean AR. Prophylactic vaccines, risk behavior change, and the probability of eradicating HIV in San Francisco. Science. 1994; 265:1451-1454.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 1451-1454
    • Blower, S.M.1    McLean, A.R.2
  • 17
    • 4644282914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Could disease-modifying HIV vaccines cause population-level perversity?
    • Smith RJ, Blower SM. Could disease-modifying HIV vaccines cause population-level perversity? Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:636-639.
    • (2004) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.4 , pp. 636-639
    • Smith, R.J.1    Blower, S.M.2
  • 18
    • 0025904934 scopus 로고
    • Potential of community-wide chemotherapy or immunotherapy to control the spread of HIV-1
    • Anderson RM, Gupta S, May RM. Potential of community-wide chemotherapy or immunotherapy to control the spread of HIV-1. Nature. 1991;350:356-359.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.350 , pp. 356-359
    • Anderson, R.M.1    Gupta, S.2    May, R.M.3
  • 19
    • 4644249733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the impact of a nonsterilizing vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus
    • Davenport MP, Ribeiro RM, Chao DL, et al. Predicting the impact of a nonsterilizing vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol. 2004;78:11340-11351.
    • (2004) J Virol , vol.78 , pp. 11340-11351
    • Davenport, M.P.1    Ribeiro, R.M.2    Chao, D.L.3
  • 20
    • 0141958206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIDS vaccines that allow HIV-1 to infect and escape immunologic control: A mathematic analysis of mass vaccination
    • van Ballegooijen M, Bogaards JA, Weverling GJ, et al. AIDS vaccines that allow HIV-1 to infect and escape immunologic control: a mathematic analysis of mass vaccination. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;34:214-220.
    • (2003) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.34 , pp. 214-220
    • van Ballegooijen, M.1    Bogaards, J.A.2    Weverling, G.J.3
  • 21
    • 33746597887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical assessment of public health impact of imperfect prophylactic HIV-1 vaccines with therapeutic benefits
    • Elbasha EH, Gumel AB. Theoretical assessment of public health impact of imperfect prophylactic HIV-1 vaccines with therapeutic benefits. Bull Math Biol. 2006;68:577-614.
    • (2006) Bull Math Biol , vol.68 , pp. 577-614
    • Elbasha, E.H.1    Gumel, A.B.2
  • 22
    • 33750693054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mathematical study of a staged-progression HIV model with imperfect vaccine
    • Gumel AB, McCluskey CC, van den Driessche P. Mathematical study of a staged-progression HIV model with imperfect vaccine. Bull Math Biol. 2006;68:2105-2128.
    • (2006) Bull Math Biol , vol.68 , pp. 2105-2128
    • Gumel, A.B.1    McCluskey, C.C.2    van den Driessche, P.3
  • 23
    • 0035427325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the impact of imperfect HIV vaccines on the incidence of the infection
    • Massad E, Coutinho FAB, Burattini MN, et al. Modeling the impact of imperfect HIV vaccines on the incidence of the infection. Math Comput Model. 2001;34:345-351.
    • (2001) Math Comput Model , vol.34 , pp. 345-351
    • Massad, E.1    Coutinho, F.A.B.2    Burattini, M.N.3
  • 24
    • 18044387620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is population-level perversity a likely outcome of mass vaccination against HIV?
    • Bogaards JA, van Ballegooijen WM, Jan Weverling G, et al. Is population-level perversity a likely outcome of mass vaccination against HIV? Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:254.
    • (2005) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 254
    • Bogaards, J.A.1    van Ballegooijen, W.M.2    Jan Weverling, G.3
  • 25
    • 85048379623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is population-level perversity a likely outcome of mass vaccination against HIV? Authors' reply
    • Blower SM, Smith RJ. Is population-level perversity a likely outcome of mass vaccination against HIV? Authors' reply. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:255-256.
    • (2005) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 255-256
    • Blower, S.M.1    Smith, R.J.2
  • 26
    • 0030723556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study designs for evaluating different efficacy and effectiveness aspects of vaccines
    • Halloran ME, Struchiner CJ, Longini IM Jr. Study designs for evaluating different efficacy and effectiveness aspects of vaccines. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146:789-803.
    • (1997) Am J Epidemiol , vol.146 , pp. 789-803
    • Halloran, M.E.1    Struchiner, C.J.2    Longini Jr., I.M.3
  • 27
    • 0042315411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What constitutes efficacy for a human immunodeficiency virus vaccine that ameliorates viremia: Issues involving surrogate end points in phase 3 trials
    • Gilbert PB, DeGruttola VG, Hudgens MG, et al. What constitutes efficacy for a human immunodeficiency virus vaccine that ameliorates viremia: issues involving surrogate end points in phase 3 trials. J Infect Dis. 2003;188:179-193.
    • (2003) J Infect Dis , vol.188 , pp. 179-193
    • Gilbert, P.B.1    DeGruttola, V.G.2    Hudgens, M.G.3
  • 28
    • 0032579593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Augmented HIV vaccine trial design for estimating reduction in infectiousness and protective efficacy
    • Datta S, Halloran ME, Longini IM Jr. Augmented HIV vaccine trial design for estimating reduction in infectiousness and protective efficacy. Stat Med. 1998;17:185-200.
    • (1998) Stat Med , vol.17 , pp. 185-200
    • Datta, S.1    Halloran, M.E.2    Longini Jr., I.M.3
  • 29
    • 8044225290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring vaccine efficacy for both susceptibility to infection and reduction in infectiousness for prophylactic HIV-1 vaccines
    • Longini IM Jr, Datta S, Halloran ME. Measuring vaccine efficacy for both susceptibility to infection and reduction in infectiousness for prophylactic HIV-1 vaccines. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996;13:440-447.
    • (1996) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol , vol.13 , pp. 440-447
    • Longini Jr, I.M.1    Datta, S.2    Halloran, M.E.3
  • 30
    • 0344507507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Markov model for measuring vaccine efficacy for both susceptibility to infection and reduction in infectiousness for prophylactic HIV vaccines
    • Longini IM Jr, Hudgens MG, Halloran ME, et al. A Markov model for measuring vaccine efficacy for both susceptibility to infection and reduction in infectiousness for prophylactic HIV vaccines. Stat Med. 1999;18:53-68.
    • (1999) Stat Med , vol.18 , pp. 53-68
    • Longini Jr, I.M.1    Hudgens, M.G.2    Halloran, M.E.3
  • 31
    • 32944477067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rational design of an AIDS vaccine
    • Douek DC, Kwong PD, Nabel GJ. The rational design of an AIDS vaccine. Cell. 2006;124:677-681.
    • (2006) Cell , vol.124 , pp. 677-681
    • Douek, D.C.1    Kwong, P.D.2    Nabel, G.J.3
  • 32
    • 0032494396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of risk-reduction counseling to prevent human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted diseases: A randomized controlled trial. Project RESPECT Study Group
    • Kamb ML, Fishbein M, Douglas JM Jr, et al. Efficacy of risk-reduction counseling to prevent human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted diseases: a randomized controlled trial. Project RESPECT Study Group. JAMA. 1998;280:1161-1167.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 1161-1167
    • Kamb, M.L.1    Fishbein, M.2    Douglas Jr, J.M.3
  • 33
    • 0033008591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductions in risk behaviour provide the most consistent explanation for declining HIV-1 prevalence in Uganda
    • Kilian AH, Gregson S, Ndyanabangi B, et al. Reductions in risk behaviour provide the most consistent explanation for declining HIV-1 prevalence in Uganda. AIDS. 1999;13:391-398.
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13 , pp. 391-398
    • Kilian, A.H.1    Gregson, S.2    Ndyanabangi, B.3
  • 34
    • 0006356970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial. Reducing HIV sexual risk behavior. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group
    • The NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial. Reducing HIV sexual risk behavior. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group. Science. 1998;280:1889-1894.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1889-1894
  • 35
    • 33749497938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High risk of human immunodeficiency virus in men who have sex with men with herpes simplex virus type 2 in the EXPLORE study
    • Brown EL, Wald A, Hughes JP, et al. High risk of human immunodeficiency virus in men who have sex with men with herpes simplex virus type 2 in the EXPLORE study. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164:733-741.
    • (2006) Am J Epidemiol , vol.164 , pp. 733-741
    • Brown, E.L.1    Wald, A.2    Hughes, J.P.3
  • 36
    • 0035897941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cognitive behavioural intervention to reduce sexually transmitted infections among gay men: Randomised trial
    • Imrie J, Stephenson JM, Cowan FM, et al. A cognitive behavioural intervention to reduce sexually transmitted infections among gay men: randomised trial. BMJ. 2001;322:1451-1456.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 1451-1456
    • Imrie, J.1    Stephenson, J.M.2    Cowan, F.M.3
  • 37
    • 3242762131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a behavioural intervention to reduce acquisition of HIV infection among men who have sex with men: The EXPLORE randomised controlled study
    • Koblin B, Chesney M, Coates T. Effects of a behavioural intervention to reduce acquisition of HIV infection among men who have sex with men: the EXPLORE randomised controlled study. Lancet. 2004;364:41-50.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 41-50
    • Koblin, B.1    Chesney, M.2    Coates, T.3
  • 38
    • 0037031080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining HIV-1 incidence and associated prevalence over 10 years in a rural population in south-west Uganda: A cohort study
    • Mbulaiteye SM, Mahe C, Whitworth JA, et al. Declining HIV-1 incidence and associated prevalence over 10 years in a rural population in south-west Uganda: a cohort study. Lancet. 2002;360:41-46.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 41-46
    • Mbulaiteye, S.M.1    Mahe, C.2    Whitworth, J.A.3
  • 39
    • 0032994454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of sexually transmitted diseases for AIDS prevention in Uganda: A randomised community trial. Rakai Project Study Group
    • Wawer MJ, Sewankambo NK, Serwadda D, et al. Control of sexually transmitted diseases for AIDS prevention in Uganda: a randomised community trial. Rakai Project Study Group. Lancet. 1999;353:525-535.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 525-535
    • Wawer, M.J.1    Sewankambo, N.K.2    Serwadda, D.3
  • 40
    • 0032735716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative risks and population attributable fraction of incident HIV associated with symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases and treatable symptomatic sexually transmitted diseases in Rakai District, Uganda. Rakai Project Team
    • Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Sewankambo NK, et al. Relative risks and population attributable fraction of incident HIV associated with symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases and treatable symptomatic sexually transmitted diseases in Rakai District, Uganda. Rakai Project Team. AIDS. 1999;13:2113-2123.
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13 , pp. 2113-2123
    • Gray, R.H.1    Wawer, M.J.2    Sewankambo, N.K.3
  • 41
    • 0029092986 scopus 로고
    • Impact of improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV infection in rural Tanzania: Randomised controlled trial
    • Grosskurth H, Mosha F, Todd J, et al. Impact of improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV infection in rural Tanzania: randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 1995;346:530-536.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 530-536
    • Grosskurth, H.1    Mosha, F.2    Todd, J.3
  • 42
    • 33745719308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of eight methods for the dual-endpoint evaluation of efficacy in a proof-of-concept HIV vaccine trial
    • Mehrotra D, Li X, Gilbert PB. A comparison of eight methods for the dual-endpoint evaluation of efficacy in a proof-of-concept HIV vaccine trial. Biometrics. 2006;62:893-900.
    • (2006) Biometrics , vol.62 , pp. 893-900
    • Mehrotra, D.1    Li, X.2    Gilbert, P.B.3
  • 43
    • 0027169844 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of vaccine efficacy from epidemics of acute infectious agents under vaccine-related heterogeneity
    • Longini IM Jr, Halloran ME, Haber M. Estimation of vaccine efficacy from epidemics of acute infectious agents under vaccine-related heterogeneity. Math Biosci. 1993;117:271-281.
    • (1993) Math Biosci , vol.117 , pp. 271-281
    • Longini Jr, I.M.1    Halloran, M.E.2    Haber, M.3
  • 44
    • 0023747672 scopus 로고
    • Statistical inference for infectious diseases. Risk-specific household and community transmission parameters
    • Longini IM Jr, Koopman JS, Haber M, et al. Statistical inference for infectious diseases. Risk-specific household and community transmission parameters. Am J Epidemiol. 1988;128:845-859.
    • (1988) Am J Epidemiol , vol.128 , pp. 845-859
    • Longini Jr, I.M.1    Koopman, J.S.2    Haber, M.3
  • 45
    • 0028783706 scopus 로고
    • Assessing HIV vaccine effects
    • Koopman JS, Little RJ. Assessing HIV vaccine effects. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;142:1113-1120.
    • (1995) Am J Epidemiol , vol.142 , pp. 1113-1120
    • Koopman, J.S.1    Little, R.J.2
  • 46
    • 0041833620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity analysis for the assessment of causal vaccine effects on viral load in HIV vaccine trials
    • Gilbert PB, Bosch RJ, Hudgens MG. Sensitivity analysis for the assessment of causal vaccine effects on viral load in HIV vaccine trials. Biometrics. 2003;59:531-541.
    • (2003) Biometrics , vol.59 , pp. 531-541
    • Gilbert, P.B.1    Bosch, R.J.2    Hudgens, M.G.3
  • 47
    • 0042490767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the analysis of viral load endpoints in HIV vaccine trials
    • Hudgens MG, Hoering A, Self SG. On the analysis of viral load endpoints in HIV vaccine trials. Stat Med. 2003;22:2281-2298.
    • (2003) Stat Med , vol.22 , pp. 2281-2298
    • Hudgens, M.G.1    Hoering, A.2    Self, S.G.3
  • 48
    • 2642688638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal vaccine trial design when estimating vaccine efficacy for susceptibility and infectiousness from multiple populations
    • Longini IM Jr, Sagatelian K, Rida WN, et al. Optimal vaccine trial design when estimating vaccine efficacy for susceptibility and infectiousness from multiple populations. Stat Med. 1998;17:1121-1136.
    • (1998) Stat Med , vol.17 , pp. 1121-1136
    • Longini Jr, I.M.1    Sagatelian, K.2    Rida, W.N.3
  • 49
    • 0034732201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Quinn TC, Wawer MJ, Sewankambo N, et al. Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:921-929.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 921-929
    • Quinn, T.C.1    Wawer, M.J.2    Sewankambo, N.3
  • 50
    • 33845998569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endpoints and regulatory issues in HIV vaccine clinical trials: Lessons from a workshop
    • Follmann D, Duerr A, Tabet S, et al. Endpoints and regulatory issues in HIV vaccine clinical trials: lessons from a workshop. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;44:49-60.
    • (2007) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.44 , pp. 49-60
    • Follmann, D.1    Duerr, A.2    Tabet, S.3
  • 51
    • 0029940996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of viral replication correlate with outcome in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques: Effect of prior immunization with a trivalent SIV vaccine in modified vaccinia virus Ankara
    • Hirsch VM, Fuerst TR, Sutter G, et al. Patterns of viral replication correlate with outcome in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques: effect of prior immunization with a trivalent SIV vaccine in modified vaccinia virus Ankara. J Virol. 1996;70:3741-3752.
    • (1996) J Virol , vol.70 , pp. 3741-3752
    • Hirsch, V.M.1    Fuerst, T.R.2    Sutter, G.3
  • 52
    • 9844249672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIDS prognosis based on HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ T-cell count and function: Markers with reciprocal predictive value over time after seroconversion
    • deWolf F, Spijkerman I, Schellekens PT, et al. AIDS prognosis based on HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ T-cell count and function: markers with reciprocal predictive value over time after seroconversion. AIDS. 1997;11:1799-1806.
    • (1997) AIDS , vol.11 , pp. 1799-1806
    • deWolf, F.1    Spijkerman, I.2    Schellekens, P.T.3
  • 53
    • 0345269688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of residual time to AIDS and death based on markers and cofactors
    • Geskus RB, Miedema FA, Goudsmit J, et al. Prediction of residual time to AIDS and death based on markers and cofactors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;32:514-521.
    • (2003) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.32 , pp. 514-521
    • Geskus, R.B.1    Miedema, F.A.2    Goudsmit, J.3
  • 54
    • 0033998626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of serum HIV-1 RNA levels in 330 patients with a known date of infection. The SEROCO Study Group
    • Hubert JB, Burgard M, Dussaix E, et al. Natural history of serum HIV-1 RNA levels in 330 patients with a known date of infection. The SEROCO Study Group. AIDS. 2000;14:123-131.
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , pp. 123-131
    • Hubert, J.B.1    Burgard, M.2    Dussaix, E.3
  • 55
    • 20844452242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early levels of HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are predictive of disease progression independently of HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4+ T cell counts
    • Rouzioux C, Hubert JB, Burgard M, et al. Early levels of HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are predictive of disease progression independently of HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4+ T cell counts. J Infect Dis. 2005;192:46-55.
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.192 , pp. 46-55
    • Rouzioux, C.1    Hubert, J.B.2    Burgard, M.3
  • 56
    • 0028909872 scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in plasma predicts outcome after seroconversion
    • Mellors JW, Kingsley LA, Rinaldo CR Jr, et al. Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in plasma predicts outcome after seroconversion. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:573-579.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , pp. 573-579
    • Mellors, J.W.1    Kingsley, L.A.2    Rinaldo Jr, C.R.3
  • 57
    • 0030070991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma
    • Mellors JW, Rinaldo CR Jr, Gupta P, et al. Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma. Science. 1996;272:1167-1170.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1167-1170
    • Mellors, J.W.1    Rinaldo Jr, C.R.2    Gupta, P.3
  • 58
    • 0030669517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of serum HIV-RNA levels at virologic steady state after seroconversion: Relation to CD4 cell count and clinical course of primary infection
    • Pedersen C, Katzenstein T, Nielsen C, et al. Prognostic value of serum HIV-RNA levels at virologic steady state after seroconversion: relation to CD4 cell count and clinical course of primary infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997;16:93-99.
    • (1997) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol , vol.16 , pp. 93-99
    • Pedersen, C.1    Katzenstein, T.2    Nielsen, C.3
  • 59
    • 0032764952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective analysis of viral load and SIVantibody responses in rhesus macaques infected with pathogenic SIV: Predictive value for disease progression
    • Smith SM, Holland B, Russo C, et al. Retrospective analysis of viral load and SIVantibody responses in rhesus macaques infected with pathogenic SIV: predictive value for disease progression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1999;15:1691-1701.
    • (1999) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.15 , pp. 1691-1701
    • Smith, S.M.1    Holland, B.2    Russo, C.3
  • 60
    • 0031060156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma viremia in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus: Plasma viral load early in infection predicts survival
    • Watson A, Ranchalis J, Travis B, et al. Plasma viremia in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus: plasma viral load early in infection predicts survival. J Virol. 1997;71:284-290.
    • (1997) J Virol , vol.71 , pp. 284-290
    • Watson, A.1    Ranchalis, J.2    Travis, B.3
  • 61
    • 0030819266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk behavior for HIV infection in participants in preventive HIV vaccine trials: A cautionary note
    • Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Kahn JO. Risk behavior for HIV infection in participants in preventive HIV vaccine trials: a cautionary note. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997;16:266-271.
    • (1997) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol , vol.16 , pp. 266-271
    • Chesney, M.A.1    Chambers, D.B.2    Kahn, J.O.3
  • 62
    • 10744228834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of increased HIV risk behavior among injection drug users participating in the AIDSVAX B/E HIV vaccine trial in Bangkok, Thailand
    • van Griensvan F, Keawkungwal J, Tappero JW, et al. Lack of increased HIV risk behavior among injection drug users participating in the AIDSVAX B/E HIV vaccine trial in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS. 2004;18:295-301.
    • (2004) AIDS , vol.18 , pp. 295-301
    • van Griensvan, F.1    Keawkungwal, J.2    Tappero, J.W.3
  • 63
    • 20044369553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual risk behaviour of Canadian participants in the first efficacy trial of a preventive HIV-1 vaccine
    • Lampinen TM, Chan K, Remis RS, et al. Sexual risk behaviour of Canadian participants in the first efficacy trial of a preventive HIV-1 vaccine. CMAJ. 2005;172:479-483.
    • (2005) CMAJ , vol.172 , pp. 479-483
    • Lampinen, T.M.1    Chan, K.2    Remis, R.S.3
  • 64
    • 0036721803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuing increases in sexual risk behavior and sexually transmitted diseases among men who have sex with men: San Francisco, Calif, 1999-2001, USA
    • Chen SY, Gibson S, Katz MH, et al. Continuing increases in sexual risk behavior and sexually transmitted diseases among men who have sex with men: San Francisco, Calif, 1999-2001, USA. Am J Public Health. 2002;92:1387-1388.
    • (2002) Am J Public Health , vol.92 , pp. 1387-1388
    • Chen, S.Y.1    Gibson, S.2    Katz, M.H.3
  • 65
    • 0035895652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual risk behaviour relates to the virological and immunological improvements during highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection
    • Dukers NH, Goudsmit J, deWit JB, et al. Sexual risk behaviour relates to the virological and immunological improvements during highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 2001;15:369-378.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 369-378
    • Dukers, N.H.1    Goudsmit, J.2    deWit, J.B.3
  • 66
    • 0032856504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gay men report high rates of unprotected anal sex with partners of unknown or discordant HIV status
    • Ekstrand ML, Stall RD, Paul JP, et al. Gay men report high rates of unprotected anal sex with partners of unknown or discordant HIV status. AIDS. 1999;13:1525-1533.
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13 , pp. 1525-1533
    • Ekstrand, M.L.1    Stall, R.D.2    Paul, J.P.3
  • 67
    • 0036188036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of highly active antiretroviral treatment on HIV seroincidence among men who have sex with men: San Francisco
    • Katz MH, Schwarcz SK, Kellogg TA, et al. Impact of highly active antiretroviral treatment on HIV seroincidence among men who have sex with men: San Francisco. Am J Public Health. 2002;92:388-394.
    • (2002) Am J Public Health , vol.92 , pp. 388-394
    • Katz, M.H.1    Schwarcz, S.K.2    Kellogg, T.A.3
  • 68
    • 0035835463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on diagnoses of sexually transmitted diseases in people with AIDS
    • Scheer S, Chu PL, Klausner JD, et al. Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on diagnoses of sexually transmitted diseases in people with AIDS. Lancet. 2001;357:432-435.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 432-435
    • Scheer, S.1    Chu, P.L.2    Klausner, J.D.3
  • 69
    • 21144457215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of and adherence to antiretroviral therapy is associated with decreased sexual risk behavior in HIV clinic patients
    • Diamond C, Richardson JL, Milam J, et al. Use of and adherence to antiretroviral therapy is associated with decreased sexual risk behavior in HIV clinic patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39:211-218.
    • (2005) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.39 , pp. 211-218
    • Diamond, C.1    Richardson, J.L.2    Milam, J.3
  • 70
    • 0028063956 scopus 로고
    • Exposure efficacy and change in contact rates in evaluating prophylactic HIV vaccines in the field
    • Halloran ME, Longini IM Jr, Haber MJ, et al. Exposure efficacy and change in contact rates in evaluating prophylactic HIV vaccines in the field. Stat Med. 1994;13:357-377.
    • (1994) Stat Med , vol.13 , pp. 357-377
    • Halloran, M.E.1    Longini Jr, I.M.2    Haber, M.J.3
  • 71
    • 0029028303 scopus 로고
    • Statistical issues in the design of HIV vaccine trials
    • Schaper C, Fleming TR, Self SG, et al. Statistical issues in the design of HIV vaccine trials. Annu Rev Public Health. 1995;16:1-22.
    • (1995) Annu Rev Public Health , vol.16 , pp. 1-22
    • Schaper, C.1    Fleming, T.R.2    Self, S.G.3
  • 72
    • 0031906145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of virus variants and emergence of virus escape mutants after immunization with an epitope vaccine
    • Mortara L, Letourneur F, Gras-Masse H, et al. Selection of virus variants and emergence of virus escape mutants after immunization with an epitope vaccine. J Virol. 1998;72:1403-1410.
    • (1998) J Virol , vol.72 , pp. 1403-1410
    • Mortara, L.1    Letourneur, F.2    Gras-Masse, H.3
  • 73
    • 0035134669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late seroconversion in HIV-resistant Nairobi prostitutes despite pre-existing HIV-specific CD8+ responses
    • Kaul R, Rowland-Jones SL, Kimani J, et al. Late seroconversion in HIV-resistant Nairobi prostitutes despite pre-existing HIV-specific CD8+ responses. J Clin Invest. 2001;107:341-349.
    • (2001) J Clin Invest , vol.107 , pp. 341-349
    • Kaul, R.1    Rowland-Jones, S.L.2    Kimani, J.3
  • 74
    • 0029121384 scopus 로고
    • Potential impact of low efficacy HIV-1 vaccines in populations with high rates of infection
    • Anderson RM, Swinton J, Garnett GP. Potential impact of low efficacy HIV-1 vaccines in populations with high rates of infection. Proc Biol Sci. 1995;261:147-151.
    • (1995) Proc Biol Sci , vol.261 , pp. 147-151
    • Anderson, R.M.1    Swinton, J.2    Garnett, G.P.3
  • 75
    • 33646163652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of vaccine research and development: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
    • Girard MP, Osmanov SK, Kieny MP. A review of vaccine research and development: the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Vaccine. 2006;24:4062-4081.
    • (2006) Vaccine , vol.24 , pp. 4062-4081
    • Girard, M.P.1    Osmanov, S.K.2    Kieny, M.P.3
  • 77
    • 0028278160 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic effects of vaccines with complex direct effects in an age-structured population
    • Halloran ME, Watelet L, Struchiner CJ. Epidemiologic effects of vaccines with complex direct effects in an age-structured population. Math Biosci. 1994;121:193-225.
    • (1994) Math Biosci , vol.121 , pp. 193-225
    • Halloran, M.E.1    Watelet, L.2    Struchiner, C.J.3
  • 78
    • 1042298863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global results for an epidemic model with vaccination that exhibits backward bifurcation
    • Arino J, McCluskey CC, Van den Driessche P. Global results for an epidemic model with vaccination that exhibits backward bifurcation. SIAM J Appl Math. 2003;64:260-276.
    • (2003) SIAM J Appl Math , vol.64 , pp. 260-276
    • Arino, J.1    McCluskey, C.C.2    Van den Driessche, P.3
  • 79
    • 0031992574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Backwards bifurcations and catastrophe in simple models of fatal diseases
    • Dushoff J, Huang W, Castillo-Chavez C. Backwards bifurcations and catastrophe in simple models of fatal diseases. J Math Biol. 1998;36:227-248.
    • (1998) J Math Biol , vol.36 , pp. 227-248
    • Dushoff, J.1    Huang, W.2    Castillo-Chavez, C.3
  • 80
    • 0343238366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple vaccination model with multiple endemic states
    • Kribs-Zaleta CM, Velasco-Hernandez JX. A simple vaccination model with multiple endemic states. Math Biosci. 2000;164:183-201.
    • (2000) Math Biosci , vol.164 , pp. 183-201
    • Kribs-Zaleta, C.M.1    Velasco-Hernandez, J.X.2
  • 81
    • 0000723140 scopus 로고
    • Stability and bifurcation for a multiple-group model for the dynamics of HIV AIDS transmission
    • Huang WZ, Cooke KL, Castillochavez C. Stability and bifurcation for a multiple-group model for the dynamics of HIV AIDS transmission. SIAM J Appl Math. 1992;52:835-854.
    • (1992) SIAM J Appl Math , vol.52 , pp. 835-854
    • Huang, W.Z.1    Cooke, K.L.2    Castillochavez, C.3
  • 83
    • 33646262868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • s82. Baggaley RF, Garnett GP, Ferguson NM. Modelling the impact of antiretroviral use in resource-poor settings. PLoS Med. 2006;3:e124.
    • s82. Baggaley RF, Garnett GP, Ferguson NM. Modelling the impact of antiretroviral use in resource-poor settings. PLoS Med. 2006;3:e124.
  • 84
    • 0036981570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of antiretroviral drugs to prevent sexual transmission of HIV
    • Cohen MS, Hosseinipour M, Kashuba A, et al. Use of antiretroviral drugs to prevent sexual transmission of HIV. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 2002;22:214-251.
    • (2002) Curr Clin Top Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 214-251
    • Cohen, M.S.1    Hosseinipour, M.2    Kashuba, A.3
  • 85
    • 0037172420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV prevention before HAART in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Marseille E, Hofmann PB, Kahn JG. HIV prevention before HAART in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet. 2002;359:1851-1856.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1851-1856
    • Marseille, E.1    Hofmann, P.B.2    Kahn, J.G.3
  • 86
    • 0037157589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1/AIDS and the control of other infectious diseases in Africa
    • Corbett EL, Steketee RW, ter Kuile FO, et al. HIV-1/AIDS and the control of other infectious diseases in Africa. Lancet. 2002;359:2177-2187.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 2177-2187
    • Corbett, E.L.1    Steketee, R.W.2    ter Kuile, F.O.3
  • 87
    • 0035805122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future access to HIV vaccines. Report from a WHO-UNAIDS consultation, Geneva, 2-3 October 2000
    • WHO/UNAIDS
    • WHO/UNAIDS. Future access to HIV vaccines. Report from a WHO-UNAIDS consultation, Geneva, 2-3 October 2000. AIDS. 2001; 15:W27-W44.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15
  • 88
    • 33845386531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual infection with HIV and malaria fuels the spread of both diseases in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Abu-Raddad LJ, Patnaik P, Kublin JG. Dual infection with HIV and malaria fuels the spread of both diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Science. 2006;314:1603-1606.
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 1603-1606
    • Abu-Raddad, L.J.1    Patnaik, P.2    Kublin, J.G.3
  • 89
    • 0036887231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 epidemic trends in rural south-west Uganda over a 10-year period
    • Whitworth JA, Mahe C, Mbulaiteye SM, et al. HIV-1 epidemic trends in rural south-west Uganda over a 10-year period. Trop Med Int Health. 2002;7:1047-1052.
    • (2002) Trop Med Int Health , vol.7 , pp. 1047-1052
    • Whitworth, J.A.1    Mahe, C.2    Mbulaiteye, S.M.3
  • 90
    • 0030812629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in sexual behaviour and decline in HIV infection among young pregnant women in urban Uganda
    • Asiimwe-Okiror G, Opio AA, Musinguzi J, et al. Change in sexual behaviour and decline in HIV infection among young pregnant women in urban Uganda. AIDS. 1997;11:1757-1763.
    • (1997) AIDS , vol.11 , pp. 1757-1763
    • Asiimwe-Okiror, G.1    Opio, A.A.2    Musinguzi, J.3
  • 91
    • 33645799972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in antenatal HIV prevalence in urban Uganda associated with uptake of preventive sexual behaviour
    • Kirungi WL, Musinguzi J, Madraa E, et al. Trends in antenatal HIV prevalence in urban Uganda associated with uptake of preventive sexual behaviour. Sex Transm Infect. 2006;82(Suppl 1):i36-i41.
    • (2006) Sex Transm Infect , vol.82 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Kirungi, W.L.1    Musinguzi, J.2    Madraa, E.3
  • 92
    • 0037045013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV dynamics and behaviour change as determinants of the impact of sexually transmitted disease treatment on HIV transmission in the context of the Rakai trial
    • Korenromp EL, Bakker R, de Vlas SJ, et al. HIV dynamics and behaviour change as determinants of the impact of sexually transmitted disease treatment on HIV transmission in the context of the Rakai trial. AIDS. 2002;16:2209-2218.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 2209-2218
    • Korenromp, E.L.1    Bakker, R.2    de Vlas, S.J.3
  • 93
    • 0033073528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The differential infectivity and staged progression models for the transmission of HIV
    • Hyman JM, Li J, Stanley EA. The differential infectivity and staged progression models for the transmission of HIV. Math Biosci. 1999;155:77-109.
    • (1999) Math Biosci , vol.155 , pp. 77-109
    • Hyman, J.M.1    Li, J.2    Stanley, E.A.3
  • 94
    • 0037210843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of HIV/AIDS with staged progression and amelioration
    • McCluskey CC. A model of HIV/AIDS with staged progression and amelioration. Math Biosci. 2003;181:1-16.
    • (2003) Math Biosci , vol.181 , pp. 1-16
    • McCluskey, C.C.1
  • 95
    • 0033847457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk behaviors related to heterosexual transmission from HIV-infected persons. Supplement to HIV/AIDS Surveillance Study Group
    • Lansky A, Nakashima AK, Jones JL. Risk behaviors related to heterosexual transmission from HIV-infected persons. Supplement to HIV/AIDS Surveillance Study Group. Sex Transm Dis. 2000;27:483-489.
    • (2000) Sex Transm Dis , vol.27 , pp. 483-489
    • Lansky, A.1    Nakashima, A.K.2    Jones, J.L.3
  • 96
    • 33748452016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, Available at:, Accessed April 11
    • United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization. AIDS epidemic update 2005. Available at: http://www.unaids.org/epi/ 2005/doc/report_pdf.asp. Accessed April 11, 2006.
    • (2006) AIDS epidemic update 2005
  • 97
    • 20244368227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda
    • Wawer MJ, Gray RH, Sewankambo NK, et al. Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis. 2005;191:1403-1409.
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.191 , pp. 1403-1409
    • Wawer, M.J.1    Gray, R.H.2    Sewankambo, N.K.3
  • 98
    • 17944370002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multicentre study on factors determining the differential spread of HIV in four African cities: Summary and conclusions
    • Buve A, Carael M, Hayes RJ, et al. The multicentre study on factors determining the differential spread of HIV in four African cities: summary and conclusions. AIDS. 2001;15(Suppl 4):S127-S131.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Buve, A.1    Carael, M.2    Hayes, R.J.3
  • 99
    • 0034807040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of key parameters of sexual behaviour in four African urban populations with different levels of HIV infection
    • Ferry B, Carael M, Buve A, et al. Comparison of key parameters of sexual behaviour in four African urban populations with different levels of HIV infection. AIDS. 2001;15(Suppl 4):S41-S50.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Ferry, B.1    Carael, M.2    Buve, A.3
  • 100
    • 0035805121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent sexual partnerships and HIV prevalence in five urban communities of sub-Saharan Africa
    • Lagarde E, Auvert B, Carael M, et al. Concurrent sexual partnerships and HIV prevalence in five urban communities of sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS. 2001;15:877-884.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 877-884
    • Lagarde, E.1    Auvert, B.2    Carael, M.3
  • 101
    • 0034807194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commercial sex and the spread of HIV in four cities in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Morison L, Weiss HA, Buve A, et al. Commercial sex and the spread of HIV in four cities in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS. 2001;15(Suppl 4):S61-S69.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Morison, L.1    Weiss, H.A.2    Buve, A.3
  • 102
    • 18644367833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing the symmetric equilibrium of multi-strain host-pathogen systems in the presence of cross immunity
    • Abu-Raddad LJ, Ferguson NM. Characterizing the symmetric equilibrium of multi-strain host-pathogen systems in the presence of cross immunity. J Math Biol. 2005;50:531-558.
    • (2005) J Math Biol , vol.50 , pp. 531-558
    • Abu-Raddad, L.J.1    Ferguson, N.M.2
  • 105
    • 0037040349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 infection in rural Africa: Is there a difference in median time to AIDS and survival compared with that in industrialized countries?
    • Morgan D, Mahe C, Mayanja B, et al. HIV-1 infection in rural Africa: is there a difference in median time to AIDS and survival compared with that in industrialized countries? AIDS. 2002;16:597-603.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 597-603
    • Morgan, D.1    Mahe, C.2    Mayanja, B.3
  • 106
    • 0035125730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of HIV-1 infection in Africa
    • Morgan D, Whitworth J. The natural history of HIV-1 infection in Africa. Nat Med. 2001;7:143-145.
    • (2001) Nat Med , vol.7 , pp. 143-145
    • Morgan, D.1    Whitworth, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.