메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 2471-2483

Smoking and risk of preeclampsia: A systematic review

Author keywords

Preeclampsia; Pregnancy; Review; Smoking

Indexed keywords

FEMALE; HUMAN; PREECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING;

EID: 34447134242     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/2248     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (165)

References (159)
  • 1
    • 3142592957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Diseas Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health
    • U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Diseas Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health (2004)
    • (2004) The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General
  • 2
    • 31344473732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of disease: Nicotine - A review of its actions in the context of gastrointestinal disease
    • DOI 10.1038/ncpgasthep0316, PII N0316
    • Thomas G. A., J. Rhodes, J. R. Ingram: Mechanisms of disease: nicotine-a review of its actions in the context of gastrointestinal disease. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2(11), 536-544 (2005) (Pubitemid 43135272)
    • (2005) Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology and Hepatology , vol.2 , Issue.11 , pp. 536-544
    • Thomas, G.A.O.1    Rhodes, J.2    Ingram, J.R.3
  • 3
    • 4344698859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking, nicotine and Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2004.06.008, PII S0166223604001924
    • Quik M: Smoking, nicotine and Parkinson's disease. Trends Neurosci; 27(9), 561-568 (2004) (Pubitemid 39149826)
    • (2004) Trends in Neurosciences , vol.27 , Issue.9 , pp. 561-568
    • Quik, M.1
  • 5
    • 0033891361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the national high blood pressure education program working group on high blood pressure in pregnancy
    • National High Blood Pressure Education Program
    • National High Blood Pressure Education Program: Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183 (1), S1-S22 (2000)
    • (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.183 , Issue.1
  • 6
    • 14644412849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-eclampsia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17987-2
    • Sibai B, G. Dekker, M. Kupferminc: Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 365(9461), 785-799 (2005). (Pubitemid 40311367)
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , Issue.9461 , pp. 785-799
    • Sibai, B.1    Dekker, G.2    Kupferminc, M.3
  • 7
    • 0037308656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1991-1997
    • DOI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02587-5, PII S0029784402025875
    • Berg C. J, J. Chang, W. M. Callaghan, S. J. Whitehead: Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1991-1997. Obstet Gynecol 101(2), 289-296 (2003) (Pubitemid 36170130)
    • (2003) Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.101 , Issue.2 , pp. 289-296
    • Berg, C.J.1    Chang, J.2    Callaghan, W.M.3    Whitehead, S.J.4
  • 11
    • 0032800825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate smoking during pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia
    • Lindqvist P. G., K. Marsal: Moderate smoking during pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 78(8), 693-697 (1999) (Pubitemid 29392673)
    • (1999) Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica , vol.78 , Issue.8 , pp. 693-697
    • Lindqvist, P.G.1    Marsal, K.2
  • 12
    • 0034781318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking, sex of the offspring, and risk of placental abruption, placenta previa, and preeclampsia: A population-based cohort study
    • DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2001.801005.x
    • Mortensen J. T., A. M. Thulstrup, H. Larsen, M. Moller, H. T. Sorensen: Smoking, sex of the offspring, and risk of placental abruption, placenta previa, and preeclampsia: a population-based cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 80(10), 894-898 (2001) (Pubitemid 33010521)
    • (2001) Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica , vol.80 , Issue.10 , pp. 894-898
    • Mortensen, J.T.1    Thulstrup, A.M.2    Larsen, H.3    Moller, M.4    Sorensen, H.T.5
  • 14
    • 0034912876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and pre-eclampsia: Their association and effects on clinical outcomes
    • Newman M. G., M. K. Lindsay, W. Graves: Cigarette smoking and pre-eclampsia: their association and effects on clinical outcomes. J Matern Fetal Med 10(3), 166-170 (2001)
    • (2001) J Matern Fetal Med , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 166-170
    • Newman, M.G.1    Lindsay, M.K.2    Graves, W.3
  • 15
  • 18
    • 0037310729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subfecundity as a correlate of preeclampsia: A study within the Danish National Birth Cohort
    • DOI 10.1093/aje/kwf194
    • Basso O, C. R. Weinberg, D. D. Baird, A. J. Wilcox, J. Olsen J: Subfecundity as a correlate of preeclampsia: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 157(3), 195-202 (2003). (Pubitemid 36152432)
    • (2003) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.157 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-202
    • Basso, O.1    Weinberg, C.R.2    Baird, D.D.3    Wilcox, A.J.4    Olsen, J.5
  • 20
    • 0038320578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifestyles and pre-eclampsia with special attention to cigarette smoking
    • Ioka A, H. Tsukuma, K. Nakamuro: Lifestyles and preeclampsia with special attention to cigarette smoking. J Epidemiol 13(2), 90-95 (2003) (Pubitemid 44143822)
    • (2003) Journal of Epidemiology , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 90-95
    • Ioka, A.1    Tsukuma, H.2    Nakamuro, K.3
  • 21
    • 0024325282 scopus 로고
    • The effect of cigarette smoking on the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension
    • Marcoux S, J. Brisson, J. Fabia: The effect of cigarette smoking on the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Am J Epidemiol 130(5), 950-957 (1989) (Pubitemid 19285332)
    • (1989) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.130 , Issue.5 , pp. 950-957
    • Marcoux, S.1    Brisson, J.2    Fabia, J.3
  • 22
    • 0030787450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The paradoxical effect of smoking in preeclamptic pregnancies: Smoking reduces the incidence but increases the rates of perinatal mortality, abruptio placentae, and intrauterine growth restriction
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)70455-1
    • Cnattingius S, J. L. Mills, J. Yuen, O. Eriksson, H. Salonen: The paradoxical effect of smoking in preeclamptic pregnancies: smoking reduces the incidence but increases the rates of perinatal mortality, abruptio placentae, and intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177(1), 156-161 (1997) (Pubitemid 27327328)
    • (1997) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.177 , Issue.1 , pp. 156-161
    • Cnattingius, S.1    Mills, J.L.2    Yuen, J.3    Eriksson, O.4    Ros, H.S.5
  • 23
    • 0033652595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors and clinical manifestations of pre-eclampsia
    • Odegard R. A., L. J. Vatten, S. T. Nilsen, K. A. Salvesen, R. Austgulen: Risk factors and clinical manifestations of pre-eclampsia. BJOG 107(11), 1410-1416 (2000)
    • (2000) BJOG , vol.107 , Issue.11 , pp. 1410-1416
    • Odegard, R.A.1    Vatten, L.J.2    Nilsen, S.T.3    Salvesen, K.A.4    Austgulen, R.5
  • 25
    • 0020520406 scopus 로고
    • Case-control study of severe pre-eclampsia of early onset
    • Moore M. P., C. W. Redman: Case-control study of severe pre-eclampsia of early onset. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 287(6392), 580-583 (1983) (Pubitemid 13034964)
    • (1983) British Medical Journal , vol.287 , Issue.6392 , pp. 580-583
    • Moore, M.P.1    Redman, C.W.G.2
  • 26
    • 0028855645 scopus 로고
    • The effect of smoking on the risk of gestational hypertension
    • Misra D. P., J. L. Kiely: The effect of smoking on the risk of gestational hypertension. Early Hum Dev 40(2), 95-107 (1995)
    • (1995) Early Hum Dev , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-107
    • Misra, D.P.1    Kiely, J.L.2
  • 27
    • 0026636481 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy-induced hypertension in North Carolina, 1988 and 1989
    • Savitz D. A., J. Zhang: Pregnancy-induced hypertension in North Carolina, 1988 and 1989. Am J Public Health 82(5), 675-679 (1992)
    • (1992) Am J Public Health , vol.82 , Issue.5 , pp. 675-679
    • Savitz, D.A.1    Zhang, J.2
  • 29
    • 0028941085 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for preeclampsia in twin pregnancies: A population-based cohort study
    • Coonrod D. V., D. E. Hickok, K. Zhu, T. R. Easterling, J. R. Daling: Risk factors for preeclampsia in twin pregnancies: a population-based cohort study. Obstet Gynecol 85 (5 Pt 1), 645-650 (1995)
    • (1995) Obstet Gynecol , vol.85 , Issue.1-5 PART , pp. 645-650
    • Coonrod, D.V.1    Hickok, D.E.2    Zhu, K.3    Easterling, T.R.4    Daling, J.R.5
  • 30
    • 0028936807 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women: A prospective multicenter study. The national institute of child health and human development network of maternal-fetal medicine units
    • Sibai B. M., T. Gordon, E. Thom, S. N. Caritis, M. Klebanoff, D. McNellis, R. H. Paul: Risk factors for preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women: a prospective multicenter study. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172 (2 Pt 1), 642-648 (1995)
    • (1995) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.172 , Issue.1-2 PART , pp. 642-648
    • Sibai, B.M.1    Gordon, T.2    Thom, E.3    Caritis, S.N.4    Klebanoff, M.5    McNellis, D.6    Paul, R.H.7
  • 32
    • 0015484546 scopus 로고
    • The role of the spiral arteries in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia
    • Brosens I. A., W. B. Robertson, H. G. Dixon: The role of the spiral arteries in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Annu 1, 177-191 (1972)
    • (1972) Obstet Gynecol Annu , vol.1 , pp. 177-191
    • Brosens, I.A.1    Robertson, W.B.2    Dixon, H.G.3
  • 34
    • 0029294646 scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking inhibits early human cytotrophoblast differentiation
    • Genbacev O, K. E. Bass, R. J. Joslin, S. J. Fisher: Maternal smoking inhibits early human cytotrophoblast differentiation. Reprod Toxicol 9(3), 245-255 (1995)
    • (1995) Reprod Toxicol , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-255
    • Genbacev, O.1    Bass, K.E.2    Joslin, R.J.3    Fisher, S.J.4
  • 35
    • 17044362698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adverse effects of maternal smoking on the human placenta: A review
    • a
    • Zdravkovic T, O. Genbacev, M. T. McMaster, S. J. Fisher: The adverse effects of maternal smoking on the human placenta: a review. Placenta 26 Suppl A, S81-S86 (2005)
    • (2005) Placenta , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Zdravkovic, T.1    Genbacev, O.2    McMaster, M.T.3    Fisher, S.J.4
  • 36
    • 33645937320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction: How morphometrically different is the placenta?
    • Egbor M, T. Ansari, N. Morris, C. J. Green, P. D. Sibbons: Pre-eclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction: How Morphometrically Different is the Placenta? Placenta 27(6-7), 727-734 (2006)
    • (2006) Placenta , vol.27 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 727-734
    • Egbor, M.1    Ansari, T.2    Morris, N.3    Green, C.J.4    Sibbons, P.D.5
  • 37
    • 4644241213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric evidence that villous development and fetoplacental angiogenesis are compromised by intrauterine growth restriction but not by pre-eclampsia
    • Mayhew T. M., J. Wijesekara, P. N. Baker, S. S. Ong: Morphometric evidence that villous development and fetoplacental angiogenesis are compromised by intrauterine growth restriction but not by pre-eclampsia. Placenta 25(10), 829-933 (2004)
    • (2004) Placenta , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 829-933
    • Mayhew, T.M.1    Wijesekara, J.2    Baker, P.N.3    Ong, S.S.4
  • 38
    • 0028962683 scopus 로고
    • The influence of maternal haemoglobin and ferritin on mid-pregnancy placental volume
    • Howe D. T., T. Wheeler, C. Osmond: The influence of maternal haemoglobin and ferritin on mid-pregnancy placental volume. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 102(3), 213-219 (1995)
    • (1995) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-219
    • Howe, D.T.1    Wheeler, T.2    Osmond, C.3
  • 39
    • 0030963273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective cohort study of factors influencing the relative weights of the placenta and the newborn infant
    • Williams L. A., S. F. Evans, J. P. Newnham: Prospective cohort study of factors influencing the relative weights of the placenta and the newborn infant. BMJ 314(7098), 1864-1868 (1997) (Pubitemid 27263244)
    • (1997) British Medical Journal , vol.314 , Issue.7098 , pp. 1864-1868
    • Williams, L.A.1    Evans, S.F.2    Newnham, J.P.3
  • 40
    • 0017860814 scopus 로고
    • Effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the fetus and placenta
    • Naeye R. L.: Effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the fetus and placenta. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 85(10), 732-737 (1978) (Pubitemid 8397407)
    • (1978) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , vol.85 , Issue.10 , pp. 732-737
    • Naeye, R.L.1
  • 41
    • 0019965831 scopus 로고
    • The effects of cigarette smoking on the human placenta: A light and electron microscopic study
    • DOI 10.1016/S0143-4004(82)80002-7
    • van der Veen F, H. Fox: The effects of cigarette smoking on the human placenta: a light and electron microscopic study. Placenta 3(3), 243-256 (1982) (Pubitemid 12067903)
    • (1982) Placenta , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-256
    • Van Der Veen, F.1    Fox, H.2
  • 42
    • 0036126709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereologic examination of placentas from mothers who smoke during pregnancy
    • Larsen L. G., H. V. Clausen, L. Jonsson: Stereologic examination of placentas from mothers who smoke during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186(3), 531-517 (2002)
    • (2002) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.186 , Issue.3 , pp. 531-517
    • Larsen, L.G.1    Clausen, H.V.2    Jonsson, L.3
  • 43
    • 0016644389 scopus 로고
    • Smoking during pregnancy and placental weight: A multivariate analysis on 3759 cases
    • Spira A, N. Spira, J. Goujard, D. Schwartz: Smoking during pregnancy and placental weight: a multivariate analysis on 3759 cases. J Perinat Med 3(4), 237-241 (1975)
    • (1975) J Perinat Med , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 237-241
    • Spira, A.1    Spira, N.2    Goujard, J.3    Schwartz, D.4
  • 44
    • 0020350976 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcome in North American women. II. Effects of diet, cigarette smoking, stress, and weight gain on placentas, and on neonatal physical and behavioral characteristics
    • Picone T. A., L. H. Allen, P. N. Olsen, M. E. Ferris: Pregnancy outcome in North American women. II. Effects of diet, cigarette smoking, stress, and weight gain on placentas, and on neonatal physical and behavioral characteristics. Am J Clin Nutr 36(6), 1214-1224 (1982) (Pubitemid 13177134)
    • (1982) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 1214-1224
    • Picone, T.A.1    Allen, L.H.2    Olsen, P.N.3    Ferris, M.E.4
  • 45
    • 0028500579 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon in human term placenta influenced by cigarette smoke exposure
    • DOI 10.1016/0890-6238(94)90081-7
    • Sanyal M. K., Y. L. Li, K. Belanger: Metabolism of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon in human term placenta influenced by cigarette smoke exposure. Reprod Toxicol 8(5), 411-418 (1994) (Pubitemid 2154206)
    • (1994) Reproductive Toxicology , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 411-418
    • Sanyal, M.K.1    Li You Lan2    Belanger, K.3
  • 46
    • 0028040673 scopus 로고
    • Structural changes in placental barrier of smoking mother. A quantitative and ulstrastructural study
    • Demir R, A. Y. Demir, M. Yinanc: Structural changes in placental barrier of smoking mother. A quantitative and ultrastructural study. Pathol Res Pract 190(7), 656-667 (1994) (Pubitemid 24275789)
    • (1994) Pathology Research and Practice , vol.190 , Issue.7 , pp. 656-667
    • Demir, R.1    Demir, A.Y.2    Yinanc, M.3
  • 47
    • 0344759145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive angiogenesis in placentas of heavy smokers
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01676-1
    • Pfarrer C, L. Macara, R. Leiser, J. Kingdom: Adaptive angiogenesis in placentas of heavy smokers. Lancet 354(9175), 303 (1999) (Pubitemid 29348743)
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , Issue.9175 , pp. 303
    • Pfarrer, C.1    Macara, L.2    Leiser, R.3    Kingdom, J.4
  • 48
    • 0034011099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative study on the effects of maternal smoking on placental morphology and cadmium concentration
    • DOI 10.1053/plac.1999.0470
    • Bush P. G., T. M. Mayhew, D. R. Abramovich, P. J. Aggett, M. D. Burke, K. R. Page KR: A quantitative study on the effects of maternal smoking on placental morphology and cadmium concentration. Placenta 21(2-3), 247-256 (2000) (Pubitemid 30240792)
    • (2000) Placenta , vol.21 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 247-256
    • Bush, P.G.1    Mayhew, T.M.2    Abramovich, D.R.3    Aggett, P.J.4    Burke, M.D.5    Page, K.R.6
  • 49
    • 0024314438 scopus 로고
    • Morphometric differences between the placental vasculature of non-smokers, smokers and ex-smokers
    • Burton G. J., M. E. Palmer, K. J. Dalton: Morphometric differences between the placental vasculature of nonsmokers, smokers and ex-smokers. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 96(8), 907-915 (1989) (Pubitemid 19209979)
    • (1989) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , vol.96 , Issue.8 , pp. 907-915
    • Burton, G.J.1    Palmer, M.E.2    Dalton, K.J.3
  • 50
    • 0024580541 scopus 로고
    • Morphological changes in the placentas of smoking mothers: A histomorphometric study
    • Teasdale F, J. J. Ghislaine: Morphological changes in the placentas of smoking mothers: a histomorphometric study. Biol Neonate 55(4-5), 251-259 (1989) (Pubitemid 19116552)
    • (1989) Biology of the Neonate , vol.55 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 251-259
    • Teasdale, F.1    Ghislaine, J.-J.2
  • 51
    • 0018905087 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of the villi and fetal capillaries in placentas from smoking and nonsmoking mothers
    • Asmussen I: Ultrastructure of the villi and fetal capillaries in placentas from smoking and nonsmoking mothers. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 87(3), 239-245 (1980) (Pubitemid 10153707)
    • (1980) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , vol.87 , Issue.3 , pp. 239-245
    • Asmussen, I.1
  • 52
    • 0030248359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of villous and intervillous space growth in human placentas from normal and abnormal pregnancies
    • DOI 10.1016/0301-2115(96)02486-4
    • Mayhew T. M.: Patterns of villous and intervillous space growth in human placentas from normal and abnormal pregnancies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 68(1-2), 75-82 (1996) (Pubitemid 26292794)
    • (1996) European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology , vol.68 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 75-82
    • Mayhew, T.M.1
  • 53
    • 0020629542 scopus 로고
    • Structural changes in the placenta of smoking mothers: A quantitative study
    • van der Velde WJ, J. H. Copius Peereboom-Stegeman, P. E. Treffers, J. James: Structural changes in the placenta of smoking mothers: a quantitative study. Placenta 4(3), 231-240 (1983) (Pubitemid 13035161)
    • (1983) Placenta , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 231-240
    • Van Der Velde, W.J.1    Copius, J.H.J.2    Peereboom Stegeman, J.H.J.3
  • 54
    • 27944467137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excess syncytiotrophoblast microparticle shedding is a feature of early-onset pre-eclampsia, but not normotensive intrauterine growth restriction
    • DOI 10.1016/j.placenta.2004.11.007, PII S0143400404002930
    • Goswami D, D. S. Tannetta, L. A. Magee, A. Fuchisawa, C. W. Redman, I. L. Sargent, P. von Dadelszen: Excess syncytiotrophoblast microparticle shedding is a feature of early-onset pre-eclampsia, but not normotensive intrauterine growth restriction. Placenta 27(1), 56-61 (2006) (Pubitemid 41662880)
    • (2006) Placenta , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-61
    • Goswamia, D.1    Tannetta, D.S.2    Magee, L.A.3    Fuchisawa, A.4    Redman, C.W.G.5    Sargent, I.L.6    Von Dadelszen, P.7
  • 55
    • 0043170869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophoblast deportation and the maternal inflammatory response in pre-eclampsia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0165-0378(03)00044-5
    • Sargent I. L., S. G. Germain, G. P. Sacks, S. Kumar, C. W. Redman: Trophoblast deportation and the maternal inflammatory response in pre-eclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 59(2), 153-160 (2003) (Pubitemid 36945233)
    • (2003) Journal of Reproductive Immunology , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-160
    • Sargent, I.L.1    Germain, S.J.2    Sacks, G.P.3    Kumar, S.4    Redman, C.W.G.5
  • 56
    • 0031799092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shedding of syncytiotrophoblast microvilli into the maternal circulation in pre-eclamptic pregnancies
    • Knight M, C. W. Redman, E. A. Linton, I. L. Sargent: Shedding of syncytiotrophoblast microvilli into the maternal circulation in pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 105(6), 632-640 (1998) (Pubitemid 28293481)
    • (1998) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , vol.105 , Issue.6 , pp. 632-640
    • Knight, M.1    Redman, C.W.G.2    Linton, E.A.3    Sargent, I.L.4
  • 57
    • 4444294976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in the trophoblast-role of apoptosis in placental morphogenesis
    • JCP
    • Huppertz B, J. C. P. Kingdom JCP: Apoptosis in the trophoblast-role of apoptosis in placental morphogenesis. J Soc Gynecol Investig 11, 353-362 (2004)
    • (2004) J Soc Gynecol Investig , vol.11 , pp. 353-362
    • Huppertz, B.1    Kingdom, J.C.P.2
  • 59
    • 1342269059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of maternal smoking on placental morphology
    • Ashfaq M, M. Z. Janjua, M. Nawaz: Effects of maternal smoking on placental morphology. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 15(3), 12-15 (2003)
    • (2003) J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 12-15
    • Ashfaq, M.1    Janjua, M.Z.2    Nawaz, M.3
  • 61
    • 0242318902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of oxygen-regulated responses underlies pathological changes in the placentas of women who smoke or who are passively exposed to smoke during pregnancy
    • DOI 10.1016/S0890-6238(03)00094-7
    • Genbacev O, M. T. McMaster, T. Zdravkovic, S. J. Fisher: Disruption of oxygen-regulated responses underlies pathological changes in the placentas of women who smoke or who are passively exposed to smoke during pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 17(5), 509-518 (2003) (Pubitemid 37337373)
    • (2003) Reproductive Toxicology , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 509-518
    • Genbacev, O.1    McMaster, M.T.2    Zdravkovic, T.3    Fisher, S.J.4
  • 63
    • 0037532906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second-trimester maternal serum placental growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor for predicting severe, early-onset preeclampsia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00338-7
    • Polliotti B. M., A. G. Fry, D. N. Saller, R. A. Mooney, C. Cox, R. K. Miller RK. Second-trimester maternal serum placental growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor for predicting severe, early-onset preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 101(6), 1266-1274 (2003) (Pubitemid 36694354)
    • (2003) Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.101 , Issue.6 , pp. 1266-1274
    • Polliotti, B.M.1    Fry, A.G.2    Saller Jr, D.N.3    Mooney, R.A.4    Cox, C.5    Miller, R.K.6
  • 65
    • 0036114404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor ligands and receptors that regulate human cytotrophoblast survival are dysregulated in severe preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome
    • Zhou Y, M. McMaster, K. Woo, M. Janatpour, J. Perry, T. Karpanen, K. Alitalo, C. Damsky, S. J. Fisher: Vascular endothelial growth factor ligands and receptors that regulate human cytotrophoblast survival are dysregulated in severe preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome. Am J Pathol 160(4), 1405-1423 (2002) (Pubitemid 34411644)
    • (2002) American Journal of Pathology , vol.160 , Issue.4 , pp. 1405-1423
    • Zhou, Y.1    McMaster, M.2    Woo, K.3    Janatpour, M.4    Perry, J.5    Karpanen, T.6    Alitalo, K.7    Damsky, C.8    Fisher, S.J.9
  • 66
    • 18044370643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating angiogenic factors in preeclampsia
    • DOI 10.1097/01.grf.0000160313.82606.d7
    • Levine R. J., S. A. Karumanchi: Circulating angiogenic factors in preeclampsia. Clin Obstet Gynecol 48(2), 372-386 (2005) (Pubitemid 40605141)
    • (2005) Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 372-386
    • Levine, R.J.1    Karumanchi, S.A.2
  • 67
    • 0033796959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, Flt-1, in smokers and non-smokers
    • Belgore F. M., G. Y. Lip, A. D. Blann: Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, Flt-1, in smokers and non-smokers. Br J Biomed Sci 57(3), 207-213 (2000)
    • (2000) Br J Biomed Sci , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-213
    • Belgore, F.M.1    Lip, G.Y.2    Blann, A.D.3
  • 70
    • 0021832672 scopus 로고
    • Effect of nicotine on fetal prostacyclin and thromboxane in humans
    • Ylikorkala O, L. Viinikka, P. Lehtovirta: Effect of nicotine on fetal prostacyclin and thromboxane in humans. Obstet Gynecol 66(1), 102-105 (1985) (Pubitemid 15047394)
    • (1985) Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 102-105
    • Ylikorkala, O.1    Viinikka, L.2    Lehtovirta, P.3
  • 71
    • 0042763556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gasotransmitter role of hydrogen sulfide
    • Wang R: The gasotransmitter role of hydrogen sulfide. Antioxid Redox Signal 5(4), 493-501 (2003) (Pubitemid 37087410)
    • (2003) Antioxidants and Redox Signaling , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 493-501
    • Wang, R.1
  • 72
    • 0027752805 scopus 로고
    • The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway
    • DOI 10.1056/NEJM199312303292706
    • Moncada S, A. Higgs: The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. N Engl J Med 329(27), 2002-2012 (1993) (Pubitemid 24015045)
    • (1993) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.329 , Issue.27 , pp. 2002-2012
    • Moncada, S.1    Higgs, A.2
  • 73
    • 0025971084 scopus 로고
    • The action of nitric oxide in the perfused human fetal-placental circulation
    • Myatt L, A. Brewer, D. E. Brockman: The action of nitric oxide in the perfused human fetal-placental circulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164(2), 687-692 (1991)
    • (1991) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.164 , Issue.2 , pp. 687-692
    • Myatt, L.1    Brewer, A.2    Brockman, D.E.3
  • 74
    • 0026547315 scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of the vasoconstrictor effects of thromboxane and endothelin by nitric oxide in the human fetal-placental circulation
    • 1
    • Myatt L, A. S. Brewer, G. Langdon, D. E. Brockman: Attenuation of the vasoconstrictor effects of thromboxane and endothelin by nitric oxide in the human fetal-placental circulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166 (1 Pt 1), 224-230 (1992)
    • (1992) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.166 , Issue.1 PART , pp. 224-230
    • Myatt, L.1    Brewer, A.S.2    Langdon, G.3    Brockman, D.E.4
  • 75
    • 0028916887 scopus 로고
    • Control of vascular resistance in the maternal and feto-placental arterial beds
    • Poston L, A. L. McCarthy, J. M. Ritter: Control of vascular resistance in the maternal and feto-placental arterial beds. Pharmacol Ther 65(2), 215-239 (1995)
    • (1995) Pharmacol Ther , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-239
    • Poston, L.1    McCarthy, A.L.2    Ritter, J.M.3
  • 77
    • 1642505527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia: Decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression is associated with increased cell permeability in endothelial cells from preeclampsia
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.09.049
    • Wang Y, Y. Gu, Y. Zhang, D. F. Lewis: Evidence of endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia: decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression is associated with increased cell permeability in endothelial cells from preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 190(3), 817-824 (2004) (Pubitemid 38406799)
    • (2004) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.190 , Issue.3 , pp. 817-824
    • Wang, Y.1    Gu, Y.2    Zhang, Y.3    Lewis, D.F.4
  • 78
    • 0032989232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking is associated with dose-related increase of intima-media thickness and endothelial dysfunction
    • Poredos P, M. Orehek, E. Tratnik: Smoking is associated with dose-related increase of intima-media thickness and endothelial dysfunction. Angiology 50(3), 201-208 (1999) (Pubitemid 29138426)
    • (1999) Angiology , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 201-208
    • Poredos, P.1    Orehek, M.2    Tratnik, E.3
  • 80
    • 0034616273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype dependent and cigarette specific effects on endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression and enzyme activity
    • DOI 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01356-9, PII S0014579300013569
    • Wang X. L., A. S. Sim, M. X. Wang, G. A. Murrell, B. Trudinger, J. Wang: Genotype dependent and cigarette specific effects on endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression and enzyme activity. FEBS Lett 471(1), 45-50 (2000) (Pubitemid 30173290)
    • (2000) FEBS Letters , vol.471 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-50
    • Wang, X.L.1    Sim, A.S.2    Wang, M.X.3    Murrell, G.A.C.4    Trudinger, B.5    Wang, J.6
  • 81
    • 0037363418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the utero-placental circulation: The role of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide in trophoblast invasion and spiral artery transformation
    • DOI 10.1002/jemt.10278
    • Lyall F: Development of the utero-placental circulation: the role of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide in trophoblast invasion and spiral artery transformation. Microsc Res Tech 60(4), 402-411 (2003) (Pubitemid 36184294)
    • (2003) Microscopy Research and Technique , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 402-411
    • Lyall, F.1
  • 82
    • 7944230149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct placental effects of cigarette smoke protect women from pre-eclampsia: The specific roles of carbon monoxide and antioxidant systems in the placenta
    • DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.06.019, PII S0306987704004050
    • Bainbridge S. A., E. H. Sidle, G. N. Smith: Direct placental effects of cigarette smoke protect women from pre-eclampsia: the specific roles of carbon monoxide and antioxidant systems in the placenta. Med Hypotheses 64(1), 17-27 (2005) (Pubitemid 39469228)
    • (2005) Medical Hypotheses , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-27
    • Bainbridge, S.A.1    Sidle, E.H.2    Smith, G.N.3
  • 84
    • 0026062452 scopus 로고
    • Endothelin, elastase, and endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia
    • Greer I. A.: Endothelin, elastase, and endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia. Lancet 337(8740), 558 (1991)
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , Issue.8740 , pp. 558
    • Greer, I.A.1
  • 86
    • 0023086359 scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil-mediated vascular injury
    • Harlan J. M.: Neutrophil-mediated vascular injury. Acta Med Scand Suppl 715, 123-129 (1987) (Pubitemid 17076775)
    • (1987) Acta Medica Scandinavica , vol.221 , Issue.SUPPL. 715 , pp. 123-129
    • Harlan, J.M.1
  • 88
    • 0030930131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating endothelial cell adhesion molecules as diagnostic markers for the early identification of pregnant women at risk for development of preeclampsia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)70213-8
    • Krauss T: Circulating endothelial cell adhesion molecules as diagnostic markers for the early identification of pregnant women at risk for development of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177(2), 443-449 (1997) (Pubitemid 27385728)
    • (1997) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.177 , Issue.2 , pp. 443-449
    • Krauss, T.1    Kuhn, W.2    Lakoma, C.3    Augustin, H.G.4
  • 89
    • 0036720584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of routine circulating soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecule measurements during pregnancy
    • Krauss T: Predictive value of routine circulating soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecule measurements during pregnancy. Clin chem 48(9), 1418-1425 (2002) (Pubitemid 34925776)
    • (2002) Clinical Chemistry , vol.48 , Issue.9 , pp. 1418-1425
    • Krauss, T.1    Emons, G.2    Kuhn, W.3    Augustin, H.G.4
  • 90
    • 4243391218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of nicotine on leukocyte adhesion to uterine vasculature in pregnant rabbits as assessed by in vivo intravital microscopy
    • Speer P, C. D. Adair, Y. Wang: Effects of nicotine on leukocyte adhesion to uterine vasculature in pregnant rabbits as assessed by in vivo intravital microscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182 [Suppl], S90. (2000)
    • (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.182 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Speer, P.1    Adair, C.D.2    Wang, Y.3
  • 91
    • 0036128347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of nicotine on intercellular adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells and integrin expression in neutrophils in vitro
    • DOI 10.1067/mob.2002.121106
    • Speer P, Y. Zhang, Y. Gu, M. J. Lucas, Y. Wang: Effects of nicotine on intercellular adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells and integrin expression in neutrophils in vitro. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186(3), 551-556 (2002) (Pubitemid 34234172)
    • (2002) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.186 , Issue.3 , pp. 551-556
    • Speer, P.1    Zhang, Y.2    Gu, Y.3    Lucas, M.J.4    Wang, Y.5
  • 93
    • 28144442977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of placental oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in preeclampsia
    • DOI 10.1097/01.ogx.0000193879.79268.59
    • Gupta S, A. Agarwal, R. K. Sharma: The role of placental oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Surv 60(12), 807-816 (2005) (Pubitemid 41698019)
    • (2005) Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey , vol.60 , Issue.12 , pp. 807-816
    • Gupta, S.1    Agarwal, A.2    Sharma, R.K.3
  • 94
    • 33645988840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): Randomised placebocontrolled trial
    • Poston L: Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomised placebocontrolled trial. Lancet 367(9517), 1145-1154 (2006)
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , Issue.9517 , pp. 1145-1154
    • Poston, L.1
  • 95
    • 33646114512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamins C and E and the risks of preeclampsia and perinatal complications
    • Rumbold A. R.: Vitamins C and E and the risks of preeclampsia and perinatal complications. N Engl J Med 354(17), 1796-1806 (2006)
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , Issue.17 , pp. 1796-1806
    • Rumbold, A.R.1
  • 98
    • 0028856840 scopus 로고
    • Dietary antioxidants and cigarette smoke-induced biomolecular damage: A complex interaction
    • Eiserich J. P., F. van der Veen, G. J. Handelman, B. Halliwell, C. E. Cross: Dietary antioxidants and cigarette smoke-induced biomolecular damage: a complex interaction. Am J Clin Nutr 62 (6 Suppl), 1490S-1500S (1995)
    • (1995) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.62 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Eiserich, J.P.1    Van Der Veen, F.2    Handelman, G.J.3    Halliwell, B.4    Cross, C.E.5
  • 99
    • 0033230812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin C prevents cigarette smoke induced oxidative damage of proteins and increased proteolysis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00154-9, PII S0891584999001549
    • Panda K, R. Chattopadhyay, M. K. Ghosh MK, D. J. Chattopadhyay, I. B. Chatterjee: Vitamin C prevents cigarette smoke induced oxidative damage of proteins and increased proteolysis. Free Radic Biol Med 27(9-10), 1064-1079 (1999) (Pubitemid 29507479)
    • (1999) Free Radical Biology and Medicine , vol.27 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 1064-1079
    • Panda, K.1    Chattopadhyay, R.2    Ghosh, M.K.3    Chattopadhyay, D.J.4    Chatterjee, I.B.5
  • 100
    • 7544249739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and infection
    • Arcavi L, N. L. Benowitz: Cigarette smoking and infection. Arch Intern Med 164(20), 2206-2016 (2004)
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , Issue.20 , pp. 2206-2016
    • Arcavi, L.1    Benowitz, N.L.2
  • 101
    • 0021324489 scopus 로고
    • Leukocyte count, smoking, and lung function
    • Yeung M. C., A. D. Buncio: Leukocyte count, smoking, and lung function. Am J Med 76(1), 31-37 (1984) (Pubitemid 14216357)
    • (1984) American Journal of Medicine , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-37
    • Yeung, M.C.1    Buncio, A.D.2
  • 103
    • 0015231277 scopus 로고
    • Smoking and leucocyte-counts. Results of an epidemiological survey
    • Corre F, J. Lellouch, D. Schwartz D: Smoking and leucocyte-counts. Results of an epidemiological survey. Lancet 2(7725), 632-634 (1971)
    • (1971) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.7725 , pp. 632-634
    • Corre, F.1    Lellouch, J.2    Schwartz, D.D.3
  • 106
    • 0031655717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study on the effect of smoking and nicotine substitution on leucocyte blood counts and relation between blood leucocytes and lung function
    • Jensen E. J., B. Pedersen, R. Frederiksen, R. Dahl: Prospective study on the effect of smoking and nicotine substitution on leucocyte blood counts and relation between blood leucocytes and lung function. Thorax 53(9), 784-789 (1998) (Pubitemid 28408720)
    • (1998) Thorax , vol.53 , Issue.9 , pp. 784-789
    • Jensen, E.J.1    Pedersen, B.2    Frederiksen, R.3    Dahl, R.4
  • 107
    • 0036580648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system
    • Sopori M: Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2(5), 372-377 (2002) (Pubitemid 37328760)
    • (2002) Nature Reviews Immunology , vol.2 , Issue.5 , pp. 372-377
    • Sopori, M.1
  • 108
    • 0016820210 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of leukocyte count and function in smoking and nonsmoking young men
    • Noble R. C., B. B. Penny: Comparison of leukocyte count and function in smoking and nonsmoking young men. Infect Immun 12(3), 550-555 (1975)
    • (1975) Infect Immun , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 550-555
    • Noble, R.C.1    Penny, B.B.2
  • 109
    • 0018769156 scopus 로고
    • Effect of tobacco smoking on the functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
    • Corberand J, F. Nguyen, A. H. Do, G. Dutau, P. Laharrague, A. M. Fontanilles, B. Gleizes: Effect of tobacco smoking on the functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Infect Immun 23(3), 577-581 (1979) (Pubitemid 9138955)
    • (1979) Infection and Immunity , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 577-581
    • Corberand, J.1    Nguyen, F.2    Do, A.H.3
  • 113
    • 0038127069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the immunosuppressive role of nicotine on human dendritic cell functions
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01655.x
    • Nouri-Shirazi M, E. Guinet:: Evidence for the immunosuppressive role of nicotine on human dendritic cell functions. Immunology 109(3), 365-373 (2003) (Pubitemid 36783262)
    • (2003) Immunology , vol.109 , Issue.3 , pp. 365-373
    • Nouri-Shirazi, M.1    Guinet, E.2
  • 114
    • 4344565165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic environment affects the differentiation and functional maturation of monocytes derived dendritic cells (DCs)
    • DOI 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.06.003, PII S0165247804001609
    • Guinet E, K. Yoshida, M. Nouri-Shirazi: Nicotinic environment affects the differentiation and functional maturation of monocytes derived dendritic cells (DCs). Immunol Lett 95(1), 45-55 (2004) (Pubitemid 39119899)
    • (2004) Immunology Letters , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-55
    • Guinet, E.1    Yoshida, K.2    Nouri-Shirazi, M.3
  • 117
    • 0032520697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulatory effects of cigarette smoke
    • DOI 10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00231-2, PII S0165572897002312
    • Sopori M. L., W. Kozak: Immunomodulatory effects of cigarette smoke. J Neuroimmunol 83(1-2), 148-156 (1998) (Pubitemid 28280961)
    • (1998) Journal of Neuroimmunology , vol.83 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 148-156
    • Sopori, M.L.1    Kozak, W.2
  • 118
    • 0036096305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon monoxide: Innovative anti-inflammatory properties of an age-old gas molecule
    • Otterbein L. E.: Carbon monoxide: innovative antiinflammatory properties of an age-old gas molecule. Antioxid Redox Signal 4(2), 309-319 (2002) (Pubitemid 34517182)
    • (2002) Antioxidants and Redox Signaling , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-319
    • Otterbein, L.E.1
  • 119
    • 0002782544 scopus 로고
    • Statistical association and cause-effect relationships
    • Boston, MA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Hennekens C. H., J. Buring, S. Mayrent: Statistical Association and Cause-Effect Relationships. Epidemiology in Medicine. Boston, MA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1987.
    • (1987) Epidemiology in Medicine
    • Hennekens, C.H.1    Buring, J.2    Mayrent, S.3
  • 121
    • 3042700097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors
    • Doll R, R. Peto, J. Boreham, I. Sutherland. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ 328(7455), 1519 (2004)
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , Issue.7455 , pp. 1519
    • Doll, R.1    Peto, R.2    Boreham, J.3    Sutherland, I.4
  • 123
    • 0028934275 scopus 로고
    • Smoking and cancer mortality among U. S. veterans: A 26-year follow-up
    • McLaughlin J. K., Z. Hrubec, W. J. Blot, J. F. Fraumeni, Jr.: Smoking and cancer mortality among U. S. veterans: a 26-year follow-up. Int J Cancer 60(2), 190-193 (1995)
    • (1995) Int J Cancer , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 190-193
    • McLaughlin, J.K.1    Hrubec, Z.2    Blot, W.J.3    Fraumeni Jr., J.F.4
  • 124
    • 0037029713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective cohort study of cigarette smoking and the risk of endometrial cancer
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600278
    • Terry P. D., A. B. Miller, T. E. Rohan=: A prospective cohort study of cigarette smoking and the risk of endometrial cancer. Br J Cancer 86(9), 1430-1435 (2002) (Pubitemid 34548065)
    • (2002) British Journal of Cancer , vol.86 , Issue.9 , pp. 1430-1435
    • Terry, P.D.1    Miller, A.B.2    Rohan, T.E.3
  • 127
    • 0036827756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reexamination of smoking before, during, and after pregnancy
    • Kahn R. S., L. Certain, R. C. Whitaker: A reexamination of smoking before, during, and after pregnancy. Am J Public Health 92(11), 1801-1808 (2002) (Pubitemid 35231143)
    • (2002) American Journal of Public Health , vol.92 , Issue.11 , pp. 1801-1808
    • Kahn, R.S.1    Certain, L.2    Whitaker, R.C.3
  • 128
    • 0032760093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary cotinine concentration confirms the reduced risk of preeclampsia with tobacco exposure
    • Lain K. Y., R. W. Powers, M. A. Krohn, R. B. Ness, W. R. Crombleholme, J. M. Roberts: Urinary cotinine concentration confirms the reduced risk of preeclampsia with tobacco exposure. Am J Obstet Gynecol 181 (5 Pt 1), 1192-1196 (1999)
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.181 , Issue.1-5 PART , pp. 1192-1196
    • Lain, K.Y.1    Powers, R.W.2    Krohn, M.A.3    Ness, R.B.4    Crombleholme, W.R.5    Roberts, J.M.6
  • 129
    • 0025837630 scopus 로고
    • A multivariate analysis of risk factors for preeclampsia
    • Eskenazi B, L. Fenster, S. Sidney: A multivariate analysis of risk factors for preeclampsia. JAMA 266(2), 237-241 (1991)
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.266 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-241
    • Eskenazi, B.1    Fenster, L.2    Sidney, S.3
  • 130
    • 0038561102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking, alcohol use and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Implications for micronutrient supplementation
    • Cogswell M. E., P. Weisberg, C. Spong: Cigarette smoking, alcohol use and adverse pregnancy outcomes: implications for micronutrient supplementation. J Nutr 133 (5 Suppl 2), 1722S-1731S (2003) (Pubitemid 36548681)
    • (2003) Journal of Nutrition , vol.133 , Issue.5 SUPPL. 1
    • Cogswell, M.E.1    Weisberg, P.2    Spong, C.3
  • 131
    • 0026293847 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking-nutritional implications
    • Preston A. M.: Cigarette smoking-nutritional implications. Prog Food Nutr Sci 15(4), 183-217 (1991)
    • (1991) Prog Food Nutr Sci , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 183-217
    • Preston, A.M.1
  • 133
    • 0346850751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food habits, physical activity and body mass index in relation to smoking status in 40-42 year old Norwegian women and men
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.09.020
    • Kvaavik E, H. E. Meyer, A. Tverdal: Food habits, physical activity and body mass index in relation to smoking status in 40-42 year old Norwegian women and men. Prev Med 38(1), 1-5 (2004) (Pubitemid 37524047)
    • (2004) Preventive Medicine , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-5
    • Kvaavik, E.1    Meyer, H.E.2    Tverdal, A.3
  • 134
    • 0142126229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake in male and female smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers: The INTERMAP Study
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001607
    • Dyer A. R., P. Elliott, J. Stamler, Q. Chan, H. Ueshima, B. F. Zhou: Dietary intake in male and female smokers, exsmokers, and never smokers: the INTERMAP study. J Hum Hypertens 17(9), 641-654 (2003) (Pubitemid 37265102)
    • (2003) Journal of Human Hypertension , vol.17 , Issue.9 , pp. 641-654
    • Dyer, A.R.1    Elliott, P.2    Stamler, J.3    Chan, Q.4    Ueshima, H.5    Zhou, B.F.6
  • 138
    • 0032719587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidants and antioxidants as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Macnee W: Oxidants and antioxidants as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 160 (5 Pt 2), S58-S65 (1999)
    • (1999) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , vol.160 , Issue.2-5 PART
    • Macnee, W.1
  • 139
    • 0033093103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Barnes P. J.: Genetics and pulmonary medicine. 9. Molecular genetics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 54(3), 245-252 (1999) (Pubitemid 29110506)
    • (1999) Thorax , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-252
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 140
    • 0031054463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthase: Role in the genesis of vascular disease
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.489
    • Cooke J. P., V. J. Dzau: Nitric oxide synthase: role in the genesis of vascular disease. Annu Rev Med 48, 489-509 (1997) (Pubitemid 27101848)
    • (1997) Annual Review of Medicine , vol.48 , pp. 489-509
    • Cooke, J.P.1    Dzau, V.J.2
  • 141
    • 0027120584 scopus 로고
    • Smoking and cardiovascular disease
    • Lakier J. B.: Smoking and cardiovascular disease. Am J Med 93 (1A), 8S-12S (1992)
    • (1992) Am J Med , vol.93 , Issue.1 A
    • Lakier, J.B.1
  • 142
    • 13544265428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Only two-week smoking cessation improves platelet aggregability and intraplatelet redox imbalance of long-term smokers
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.10.061
    • Morita H, H. Ikeda, N. Haramaki, H. Eguchi, T. Imaizumi: Only two-week smoking cessation improves platelet aggregability and intraplatelet redox imbalance of long-term smokers. J Am Coll Cardiol 45(4), 589-594 (2005) (Pubitemid 40222254)
    • (2005) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 589-594
    • Morita, H.1    Ikeda, H.2    Haramaki, N.3    Eguchi, H.4    Imaizumi, T.5
  • 143
    • 0023688239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasoactive and atherogenic effects of cigarette smoking: A study of monozygotic twins discordant for smoking
    • Lassila R: Vasoactive and atherogenic effects of cigarette smoking: a study of monozygotic twins discordant for smoking. BMJ 297(6654), 955-957.
    • BMJ , vol.297 , Issue.6654 , pp. 955-957
    • Lassila, R.1
  • 145
    • 79961229045 scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation. Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health;, Report No.: DHHS Publication No. CDC
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation. Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 1990. Report No.: DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 90-8416.
    • (1990) , pp. 90-8416
  • 147
    • 0842264736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young male smokers have altered platelets and endothelium that precedes atherosclerosis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-4804(03)00343-3
    • Casey R. G., M. Joyce, G. Roche-Nagle, D. Cox, D. J. Bouchier-Hayes: Young male smokers have altered platelets and endothelium that precedes atherosclerosis. J Surg Res 116(2), 227-233 (2004) (Pubitemid 38175312)
    • (2004) Journal of Surgical Research , vol.116 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-233
    • Casey, R.G.1    Joyce, M.2    Roche-Nagle, G.3    Cox, D.4    Bouchier-Hayes, D.J.5
  • 148
    • 33644763047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipidsoluble smoke particles damage endothelial cells and reduce endothelium-dependent dilatation in rat and man
    • Zhang J. Y., Y. X. Cao, C. B. Xu, L. Edvinsson Lipidsoluble smoke particles damage endothelial cells and reduce endothelium-dependent dilatation in rat and man. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 6, 3 (2006).
    • (2006) BMC Cardiovasc Disord , vol.6 , pp. 3
    • Zhang, J.Y.1    Cao, Y.X.2    Xu, C.B.3    Edvinsson, L.4
  • 149
    • 0033168886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for coronary heart disease and acute-phase proteins. A population-based study
    • Danesh J, J. Muir, Y. K. Wong, M. Ward, J. R. Gallimore, M. B. Pepys: Risk factors for coronary heart disease and acute-phase proteins. A population-based study. Eur Heart J 20(13), 954-959.
    • Eur Heart J , vol.20 , Issue.13 , pp. 954-959
    • Danesh, J.1    Muir, J.2    Wong, Y.K.3    Ward, M.4    Gallimore, J.R.5    Pepys, M.B.6
  • 150
    • 0031455903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifetime smoking exposure affects the association of C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease risk factors and subclinical disease in healthy elderly subjects
    • Tracy R. P., B. M. Psaty, E. Macy, E. G. Bovill, M. Cushman, E. S. Cornell, L. H. Kuller: Lifetime smoking exposure affects the association of C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease risk factors and subclinical disease in healthy elderly subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17(10), 2167-2176 (1997) (Pubitemid 28057118)
    • (1997) Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 2167-2176
    • Tracy, R.P.1    Psaty, B.M.2    Macy, E.3    Bovill, E.G.4    Cushman, M.5    Cornell, E.S.6    Kuller, L.H.7
  • 151
    • 0029983255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of plasma fibrinogen levels with coronary artery disease, smoking and inflammatory markers
    • DOI 10.1016/0021-9150(95)05716-1
    • de Maat MP, A. Pietersma, M. Kofflard, W. Sluiter, C. Kluft: Association of plasma fibrinogen levels with coronary artery disease, smoking and inflammatory markers. Atherosclerosis 121(2), 185-191 (1996) (Pubitemid 26125975)
    • (1996) Atherosclerosis , vol.121 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-191
    • De Maat, M.P.M.1    Pietersma, A.2    Kofflard, M.3    Sluiter, W.4    Kluft, C.5
  • 152
    • 79961218626 scopus 로고
    • Clotting factors and rheology: Mechanisms of damage and intervention
    • Poulter N, Sever P, Thom S, editors, Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press
    • Rampling M. W. Clotting factors and rheology: mechanisms of damage and intervention. In: Poulter N, Sever P, Thom S, editors. Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factors and Interventions. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press, 1993.
    • (1993) Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factors and Interventions
    • Rampling, M.W.1
  • 153
    • 0031695076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of smoking on vitamin E status during the third trimester of pregnancy and on breast-milk tocopherol concentrations in Spanish women
    • Ortega R. M., A. M. Lopez-Sobaler, R. M. Martinez, P. Andres, M. E. Quintas: Influence of smoking on vitamin E status during the third trimester of pregnancy and on breastmilk tocopherol concentrations in Spanish women. Am J Clin Nutr 68(3), 662-667 (1998). (Pubitemid 28402391)
    • (1998) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 662-667
    • Ortega, R.M.1    Lopez-Sobaler, A.M.2    Martinez, R.M.3    Andres, P.4    Quintas, M.E.5
  • 154
    • 0029760877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The maternal and fetal physiologic effects of nicotine
    • Lambers D. S., K. E. Clark: The maternal and fetal physiologic effects of nicotine. Semin Perinatol 20(2), 115-126 (1996) (Pubitemid 26260231)
    • (1996) Seminars in Perinatology , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-126
    • Lambers, D.S.1    Clark, K.E.2
  • 155
    • 0030866257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teratogen update: Smoking and reproductive outcomes
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199706)55:6<382::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-#
    • Werler M. M.: Teratogen update: smoking and reproductive outcomes. Teratology 55(6), 382-388 (1997) (Pubitemid 27424799)
    • (1997) Teratology , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 382-388
    • Werler, M.M.1
  • 156
    • 0017897935 scopus 로고
    • The acute effect of smoking on intervillous blood flow of the placenta
    • Lehtovirta P, M. Forss: The acute effect of smoking on intervillous blood flow of the placenta. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 85(10), 729-731 (1978) (Pubitemid 8397406)
    • (1978) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , vol.85 , Issue.10 , pp. 729-731
    • Lehtovirta, P.1    Forss, M.2
  • 157
    • 0029845486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathobiology of premature rupture of membranes
    • DOI 10.1016/S0146-0005(96)80002-4
    • French J. I., J. A. McGregor: The pathobiology of premature rupture of membranes. Semin Perinatol 20(5), 344-368 (1996) (Pubitemid 26360780)
    • (1996) Seminars in Perinatology , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 344-368
    • French, J.I.1    McGregor, J.A.2
  • 159
    • 0033070839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 formation by nicotine and cotinine
    • DOI 10.1159/000028270
    • Rama Sastry BV, M. E. Hemontolor, M. Olenick: Prostaglandin E2 in human placenta: its vascular effects and activation of prostaglandin E2 formation by nicotine and cotinine. Pharmacology 58(2), 70-86 (1999) (Pubitemid 29022952)
    • (1999) Pharmacology , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 70-86
    • Sastry, B.V.R.1    Hemontolor, M.E.2    Olenick, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.