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McIntyre K.W., Shuster D.J., Gillooly K.M., Dambach D.M., Pattoli M.A., Lu P., Zhou X.-D., Qiu Y., Zusi F.C., and Burke J.R. Arthritis Rheum. 48 (2003) 2652
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Beaulieu F., Ouellet C., Ruediger E.H., Belema M., Qiu Y., Yang X., Banville J., Burke J.R., Gregor K.R., MacMaster J.F., Martel A., McIntyre K.W., Pattoli M.A., Zusi F.C., and Vyas D. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17 (2007) 1233
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It is well documented that the metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons results in electrophilic species which could alkylate proteins and DNA. For additional information, see: and ref. cited therein
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0020661061
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note
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Bromochloride 3 was prepared according to the protocol described in Lumma et al. (J. Med. Chem. 1983, 26, 357) with the exception that the NCS-chlorination step was replaced with NBS-bromination and that Swern conditions were employed for the oxidation step.
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17
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Meurer L.C., Tolman R.L., Chapin E.W., Saperstein R., Vicario P.P., Zrada M.M., and MacCoss M. J. Med. Chem. 26 (1992) 3845
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20
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34347393920
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note
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For experimental details, see: Belema, M.; Bunker, A.; Nguyen, N.; Beaulieu, F.; Ouellet, C.; Marinier, A.; Roy, S.; Yang, X.; Qiu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Martel, A.; Zusi, F. C. US patent 6,933,294 B2.
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21
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34347398905
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For the IKK-α and IKK-β enzyme assays, see Ref. 6a.
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22
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34347396186
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For the Jurkat cell assay, see: Burke, J. R.; Wang, S. US Patent Appl. 2005/0095616 A1.
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23
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34347370247
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note
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The Alamar blue assay was conducted according to the protocol described in Zhi-Jun et al. (J. Immunol. Methods 1997, 210, 25) by using reagents obtained from Biosource International.
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24
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27844583374
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Although enzyme kinetics studies, described in Ref. 6a, indicated that compound 1 is probably an allosteric site inhibitor of IKK-β, the mode of action of the current class has not been elucidated. For a discussion on the role of proximal H-bond acceptor/H-bond donor moieties in determining the interaction of inhibitors with the hinge region of kinases, see:. Babine R.E., and Abdel-Meguid S.S. (Eds), Wiley-VCH, Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim (Chapter 2)
-
Although enzyme kinetics studies, described in Ref. 6a, indicated that compound 1 is probably an allosteric site inhibitor of IKK-β, the mode of action of the current class has not been elucidated. For a discussion on the role of proximal H-bond acceptor/H-bond donor moieties in determining the interaction of inhibitors with the hinge region of kinases, see:. Adams J.L., Veal J., and Shewchuk L. In: Babine R.E., and Abdel-Meguid S.S. (Eds). Protein Crystallography in Drug Discovery (2004), Wiley-VCH, Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim (Chapter 2)
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Protein Crystallography in Drug Discovery
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Adams, J.L.1
Veal, J.2
Shewchuk, L.3
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25
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34347384645
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note
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50 ratio >10, and no compelling SAR has emerged that could explain the difference in enzyme selectivity among the various analogs. Compounds 13b, 20a, and 20h were screened against a panel of kinases (IKK-ε, p38, Her-1 and 2, LCK, EMT, VEGF, IGF-1R, and PKA) and no appreciable activities were observed (data not shown).
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26
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34347387783
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note
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For additional PK parameters of 1, see Ref. 6a.
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27
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34347375969
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note
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The general procedure of Ghezzi et al. (Cytokine 2000, 12, 1205), as described in Ref. 6a, was employed to evaluate the effects of compounds on LPS-induced TNF-α release in mice.
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28
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9744269944
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note
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The PBMC assay was conducted as described by Leftheris et al. J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 6283.
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