Oxidation of ethanol in the brain and its consequences

Alcohol Research and Health

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 266-273

  Deitrich, Richard ^a   Zimatkin, Sergey ^b   Pronko, Sergey ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b GRODNO STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Belarus)

Author keywords

Acetaldehyde; Acetate; Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH); Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH); Behavior; Brain; Catalase; Central nervous system; Cytochrome p450; Ethanol metabolism; Ethanol oxidation; Ethanol preference; Ethanol to acetaldehyde metabolism

Indexed keywords

ACETALDEHYDE; ALCOHOL; ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; CATALASE; CYTOCHROME P450 2E1;

BRAIN; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; METABOLISM; OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION; REVIEW;

ACETALDEHYDE; ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; ALCOHOL DRINKING; BRAIN; CATALASE; CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP2E1; ETHANOL; HUMANS; OXIDATION-REDUCTION;

EID: 34347262690     PISSN: 0090838X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. AMIR. S. Brain and liver aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and voluntary ethanol consumption by rats: Relations to strain, sex and age. Psychopharmacology 57:97-102, 1978.
2. AMIT, Z., AND ARAGON, C.M. Catalase activity measured in rats naive to ethanol correlates with later voluntary ethanol consumption: Possible evidence for a biological marker system of ethanol intake. Psychopharmacology 95:512-515, 1988.
3. ARAGON, C.M.; ABITBOL, M.; AND AMIT, Z. Ethanol-induced CTA mediated by acetaldehyde through central catecholamine activity. Psychopharmacology 103:74-77, 1991.
4. ARAGON, C.M., AND AMIT, Z. Differences in ethanol-induced behaviors in normal and acatalasemic mice: Systematic examination using a biobehavioral approach. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 44:547-554, 1993.
5. 2 system. Biochemical Pharmacology 44:93-98, 1992.
6. ARIZZI, M.N.; CORREA, M.; BETZ, A.J.; ET AL. Behavioral effects of intraventricular injections of low doses of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate in rats: Studies with low and high rate operant schedules. Behavioral Brain Research 147:203-210, 2003.
7. ASPBERG, A.; SÖDERBÄCK, M.; AND TOTTMAR, O. Increase in catalase activity in developing rat brain cell reaggregation cultures in the presence of ethanol. Biochemical Pharmacology 46:1873-1876, 1993.
8. BEISSWENGER, T.B.; HOLMQUIST, B.; AND VALLEE, B.L. Chi-ADH is the sole alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme of mammalian brains: Implications and inferences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 82:8369-8373, 1985.
9. BERGAMASCHI, S.; GOVONI, S.; RIUS, R.A.; AND TRABUCCHI, M. Acute ethanol and acetaldehyde administration produce similar effects on L-type calcium channels in rat brain. Alcohol 5:337-340, 1988.
10. BROWN, Z.W.; AMIT, Z.; AND ROCKMAN, G.E. Intraventricular self-administration of acetaldehyde, but not ethanol, in naive laboratory rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 64:271-276, 1979.
11. BUHLER, R.; PESTALOZZI, D.; HESS, M.; AND VON WARTBURG, J.P. Immunohistochemical localization of alcohol dehydrogenase in human kidney, endocrine organs and brain. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 18 (Suppl. 1):55-59, 1983.
12. CARMICHAEL, F.J.; ISRAEL, Y.; CRAWFORD, M.; ET AL. Central nervous system effects of acetate: Contribution to the central effects of ethanol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 259:403-408, 1991.
13. CHICK, J.; GOUGH, K.; FALKOWSKI, W.; ET AL. Disulfiram treatment of alcoholism. British Journal of Psychiatry 161:84-89, 1992.
14. COHEN, G., AND COLLINS, M. Alkaloids from catecholamines in adrenal tissue: Possible role in alcoholism. Science 167:1749-1751, 1970.
15. COHEN, G.; SINET, P.M.; AND HEIKKILA, R. Ethanol oxidation by rat brain in vivo. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 4(4):366-370, 1980.
16. COLLINS, M.A.; UNG-CHHUN, N.; CHENG, B.Y.; AND PRONGER, D. Brain and plasma tetrahydroisoquinolines in rats: Effects of chronic ethanol intake and diet. Journal of Neurochemistry 55:1507-1514, 1990.
17. COLLINS, M.A.; UNG-CHHUN, N.S.; AND RAIKOFF, K. Stable acetaldehyde adducts with brain proteins (Abstract). Alcohol and Alcoholism 23:31, 1988.
18. CORREA, A.; ARIZZI, M.N.; BETZ, A.; ET AL. Open field locomotor effects in rats after intraventricular injections of ethanol and the ethanol metabolites acetaldehyde and acetate. Brain Research Bulletin 62:197-202, 2003.
19. CORREA, M.; SANCHIS-SEGURA, C.; AND ARAGON, C.M. Brain catalase activity is highly correlated with ethanol-induced locomotor activity in mice. Physiology and Behavior 73:641-647, 2001.
20. CULLEN, N., AND CARLEN, P.L. Electrophysiological actions of acetate, a metabolite of ethanol, on hippocampal dentate granule neurons: Interactions with adenosine. Brain Research 588:49-57, 1992.
21. DAVIS, V.E., AND WALSH, M.J. Alcohol, amines and alkaloids: A possible biochemical basis for alcohol addiction. Science 167:1005-1007, 1970.
22. DEITRICH, R.A. Tissue and subcellular distribution of mammalian aldehyde-oxidizing capacity. Biochemical Pharmacology 15:1911-1922, 1966.
23. DEITRICH, R. Acetaldehyde: Déjà du jour. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 65:557-572, 2004.
24. DEITRICH, R., AND ERWIN, V. Biogenic aminealdehyde condensation products: Tetrahydroisoquinolines and tryptolines (beta-carbolines). Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 20:55-58, 1980.
25. ERWIN, V.G., AND DEITRICH, R.A. Brain aldehyde dehydrogenase. Localization, purification, and properties. Journal of Biological Chemistry 241:3533-3539, 1966.
26. GILL, K.; MENEZ, J.F.; LUCAS, D.; AND DEITRICH, R.A. Enzymatic production of acetaldehyde from ethanol in rat brain tissue. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 16:910-915, 1992.
27. GIRI, P.R.; LINNOILA, M.; O'NEILL, J.B.; AND GOLDMAN, D. Distribution and possible metabolic role of class III alcohol dehydrogenase in the human brain. Brain Research 481:131-141, 1989.
28. GOLDSTEIN, D.B., AND ZAECHELEIN, R. Time course of functional tolerance produced in mice by inhalation of ethanol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 227:150-153, 1983.
29. HAMBY-MASON, R.; CHEN, J.J.; SCHENKER, S.; ET AL. Catalase mediates acetaldehyde formation from ethanol in fetal and neonatal rat brain. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 21:1063-1072, 1997.
30. HANSSON, T.; TINDBERG, N.; INGELMAN- SUNDBERG, M.; AND KOHLER, C. Regional distribution of ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 IIE1 in the rat central nervous system. Neuroscience 34:451-463, 1990.
31. HARADA, S.; AGARWAL, D.P.; GOEDDE, H.W.; ET AL. Possible protective role against alcoholism for aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme deficiency in Japan. Lancet 9(8302):827, 1982.
32. HASHIMOTO, T.; UEHA, T.; KURIYAMA, T.; ET AL. Acetaldehyde-induced alterations in metabolism of monoamines in mouse brain. Alcohol and Alcoholism 24:91-99, 1989.
33. HEAP, L.; WARD, R.J.; ABIAKA, C.; ET AL. The influence of brain acetaldehyde on oxidative status, dopamine metabolism and visual discrimination task. Biochemical Pharmacology 50:263-270, 1995.
34. HUNT, W.A. Role of acetaldehyde in the actions of ethanol on the brain: A review. Alcohol 13:147-151, 1996.
35. JAMAL, M.; AMENO, K.; KUMIHASHI, M.; ET AL. Microdialysis for the determination of acetaldehyde and ethanol concentrations in the striatum of freely moving rats. Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences 798:155-158, 2003.
36. JAMAL, M.; AMENO, K.; KUMIHASHI, M.; ET AL. Failure of ethanol and acetaldehyde to alter in vivo norepinephrine release in the striatum and hippocampus of rats. Archives of Toxicology 78:723-727, 2004.
37. JAMAL, M.; AMENO, K.; WANG, W.; ET AL. Inhibition of acetaldehyde metabolism decreases acetylcholine release in medial frontal cortex of freely moving rats. Brain Research 1039:90-96, 2005.
38. JENNETT, R.B.; SORRELL, M.F.; JOHNSON, E.L.; AND TUMA, D.J. Covalent binding of acetaldehyde to tubulin: Evidence for preferential binding to the alpha-chain. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 256:10-18, 1987.
39. KENNEY, W.C. Acetaldehyde adducts of phospholipids. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 6:412-416, 1982.
40. KENNEY, W.C. Formation of Schiff base adduct between acetaldehyde and rat liver microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 8:551-555, 1984.
41. KERR, J.T.; MAXWELL, D.S.; AND CRABB, D.W. Immunocytochemistry of alcohol dehydrogenase in the rat central nervous system. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 13:730-736, 1989.
42. KHALIGHI, M.; BRZEZINSKI, M.R.; CHEN, H.; AND JUCHAU, M.R. Inhibition of human prenatal biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid by ethanol, ethanol metabolites, and products of lipid peroxidation reactions: A possible role for CYP2E1. Biochemical Pharmacology 57:811-821, 1999.
43. KOECHLING, U.M., AND AMIT, Z. Effects of 3amino-1,2,4-triazole on brain catalase in the mediation of ethanol consumption in mice. Alcohol 11:235-239, 1994.
44. KOECHLING, U.M., AND AMIT, Z. Relationship between blood catalase activity and drinking history in a human population, a possible biological marker of the affinity to consume alcohol. Alcohol and Alcoholism 27:181-188, 1992.
45. LUCKEY, S.W.; TJALKENS, R.B.; AND PETERSEN, D.R. Mechanism of inhibition of rat liver class 2 ALDH by 4-hydroxynonenal. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 463:71-77, 1999.
46. LUMENG, L.; WALLER, M.B.; MCBRIDE, W.J.; AND LI, T-K. Different sensitivities to ethanol in alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 16:125-130, 1982.
47. MARK, R.J.; LOVELL, M.A.; MARKESBERY, W.R.; ET AL. A role for 4-hydroxynonenal, an aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation, in disruption of ion homeostasis and neuronal death induced by amyloid β-peptide. Journal of Neurochemistry 68:255-264, 1997.
48. MARTINEZ, S.E.; VAGLENOVA, J.; SABRIA, J.; ET AL. Distribution of alcohol dehydrogenase mRNA in the rat central nervous system: Consequences for brain ethanol and retinoid metabolism. European Journal of Biochemistry 268:5045-5056, 2001.
49. MASCIA, M.P.; MAIYA, R.; BORGHESE, C.M.; ET AL. Does acetaldehyde mediate ethanol action in the central nervous system? Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 25:1570-1575, 2001.
50. MCBRIDE, W.J.; LI, T.K.; DEITRICH, R.A.; ET AL. Involvement of acetaldehyde in alcohol addiction. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 26:114-119, 2002.
51. MCKINNON, G.; DE JERSEY, J.; SHANLEY, B.; AND WARD, L. The reaction of acetaldehyde with brain microtubular proteins: Formation of stable adducts and inhibition of polymerization. Neuroscience Letters 79:163-168, 1987.
52. MELCHIOR, C.L., AND MYERS, R.D. Preference for alcohol evoked by tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) chronically infused in the cerebral ventricle of the rat. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 7:19-35, 1977.
53. + availability. Chemical Research in Toxicology 9:1272-1279, 2004.
54. MUKHERJI, B.; KASHIKI, Y.; OHYANAGI, H.; AND SLOVITER, H.A. Metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde by the isolated perfused rat brain. Journal of Neurochemistry 24:841-843, 1975.
55. MURPHY, T.C.; AMARNATH, V.; AND PICKLO, M.J., SR. Mitochondrial oxidation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in rat cerebral cortex. Journal of Neurochemistry 84:1313-1321, 2003.
56. MYERS, W.D.; NG, K.T.; AND SINGER, G. Intravenous self-administration of acetaldehyde in the rat as a function of schedule, food deprivation and photoperiod. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 17:807-811, 1982.
57. NAKAMURA, K.; IWAHASHI, K.; FURUKAWA, A.; ET AL. Acetaldehyde adducts in the brain of alcoholics. Archives of Toxicology 77:591-593, 2003.
58. NILSSON, G.E., AND TOTTMAR, O. Biogenic aldehydes in brain: Characteristics of a reaction between rat brain tissue and indole-3-acetaldehyde. Journal of Neurochemistry 45:744-751, 1985.
59. PALMER, M.R.; TOTTMAR, O.; AND DEITRICH, R.A. Electrophysiological effects of monoamine-derived aldehydes on single neurons in neocortex and cerebellum in rats. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 10:682-685, 1986.
60. PETERSEN, D.R. Aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde reductase in isolated bovine brain microvessels. Alcohol 2:79-83, 1985.
61. QUERTEMONT, E.; TAMBOUR, S.; AND TIRELLI, E. The role of acetaldehyde in the neurobehavioral effects of ethanol: A comprehensive review of animal studies. Progress in Neurobiology 75:247-274, 2005.
62. RASKIN, N.H. Alcohol dehydrogenase in brain: A toxicologic role? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 215:49-53, 1973.
63. RASKIN, N.H., AND SOKOLOFF, L. Enzymes catalysing ethanol metabolism in neural and somatic tissues of the rat. Journal of Neurochemistry 19:273-282, 1972a.
64. RASKIN, N.H., AND SOKOLOFF, L. Ethanol-induced adaptation of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in rat brain. Nature: New Biology 236:138-140, 1972b.
65. RASKIN, N.H., AND SOKOLOFF, L. Adaptation of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in brain to chronic ethanol ingestion. Neurology 20:391-392, 1970a.
66. RASKIN, N.H., AND SOKOLOFF, L. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in rat brain and liver. Journal of Neurochemistry 17:1677-1687, 1970b.
67. RASKIN, N.H., AND SOKOLOFF, L. Brain alcohol dehydrogenase. Science 162:131-132, 1968.
68. RASKIN, N.H., AND SOKOLOFF, L. Changes in brain alcohol dehydrogenase activity during chronic ethanol ingestion and withdrawal. Journal of Neurochemistry 22:427-434, 1974.
69. RODD-HENRICKS, Z.A.; MCKINZIE, D.L.; CRILE, R.S.; ET AL. Regional heterogeneity for the intracranial self-administration of ethanol within the ventral tegmental area of female Wistar rats. Psychopharmacology 149:217-224, 2000.
70. RODD-HENRICKS, Z.A.; MELENDEZ, R.I.; ZAFFARONI, A.; ET AL. The reinforcing effects of acetaldehyde in the posterior ventral tegmental area of alcohol-preferring rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 72:55-64, 2002.
71. SANCHIS-SEGURA, C.; MIQUEL, M.; CORREA, M.; AND ARAGON, C.M. The catalase inhibitor sodium azide reduces ethanol-induced locomotor activity. Alcohol 19:37-42, 1999.
72. SANDRI, G.; PANFILI, E.; AND ERNSTER. Hydrogen peroxide production by monoamine oxidase in isolated rat-brain mitochondria: Its effect on glutathione levels and Ca2+ efflux. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1035:300-305, 1990.
73. SIMONSON, S.G.; ZHANG, J.; CANADA A.T., JR.; ET AL. Hydrogen peroxide production by monoamine oxidase during ischemia-reperfusion in the rat brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 13:125-134, 1993.
74. SINET, P.M.; HEIKKILA, R.E.; AND COHEN, G. Hydrogen peroxide production by rat brain in vivo. Journal of Neurochemistry 34:1421-1428, 1980.
75. SIPPEL, H.W. The acetaldehyde content in rat brain during ethanol metabolism. Journal of Neurochemistry 23:451-452, 1974.
76. SIPPEL, H.W., AND ERIKSSON, C.J. The acetaldehyde content in rat brain during ethanol oxidation. In: Lindros, K.O., and Eriksson, C.J., eds. The Role of Acetaldehyde in the Actions of Ethanol, Satellite Symposium 6th International Congress Pharmacology. Helsinki, Finland: The Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, 1975. pp. 149-157.
77. SMITH, B.R.; AMIT, Z.; AND SPLAWINSKY, J. Conditioned place preference induced by intraventricular infusions of acetaldehyde. Alcohol 1:193-195, 1984.
78. SOHDA, T.; SHIMIZU, M.; KAMIMURA, S.; AND OKUMURA, M. Immunohistochemical demonstration of ethanol-inducible P450 2E1 in rat brain. Alcohol and Alcoholism Supplement 1B:69-75, 1993.
79. SOPHOS, N.A., AND VASILIOU, V. Aldehyde dehydrogenase gene superfamily: The 2002 update. Chemico-biological Interactions 143.144:5-22, 2003.
80. 2 by cerebral cortex in vitro. Federation Proceedings 17:413, 1958.
81. TABAKOFF, B.; ANDERSON, R.A.; AND RITZMANN, R.F. Brain acetaldehyde after ethanol administration. Biochemical Pharmacology 25:1305-1309, 1976.
82. TAMPIER, L.; CARIZ, S.; AND QUINTANILLA, M.E. Metabolism of acetaldehyde by rat isolated aortic rings: Does endothelial tissue contribute to its extrahepatic metabolism? Alcohol 10:203-206, 1993.
83. THADANI, P.V., AND TRUITT, E.B., JR. Effect of acute ethanol or acetaldehyde administration on the uptake, release, metabolism and turnover of norepinephrine in rat brain. Biochemical Pharmacology 26:1147-1150, 1977.
84. TINDBERG, N., AND INGELMAN-SUNDBERG, M. Expression, catalytic activity, and inducibility of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in the rat central nervous system. Journal of Neurochemistry 67:2066-2073, 1996.
85. TRUDELL, J.R.; ARDIES, C.M.; AND ANDERSON, W.R. Cross-reactivity of antibodies raised against acetaldehyde adducts of protein with acetaldehyde adducts of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine: Possible role in alcoholic cirrhosis. Molecular Pharmacology 38:587-593, 1990.
86. TRUDELL, J.R.; ARDIES, C.M.; GREEN, C.E.; AND ALLEN, K. Binding of anti-acetaldehyde IgG antibodies to hepatocytes with an acetaldehydephosphatidylethanolamine adduct on their surface. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 15:295-299, 1991.
87. UPADHYA, S.C.; TIRUMALAI, P.S.; BOYD, M.R.; ET AL. Cytochrome P4502E (CYP2E) in brain: Constitutive expression, induction by ethanol and localization by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 373:23-34, 2000.
88. VASILIOU, V.; PAPPA, A.; AND ESTEY, T. Role of human aldehyde dehydrogenases in endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism. Drug Metabolism Reviews 36:279-299, 2004.
89. VASILIOU, V.; ZEIGLER, T.L.; BLUDEAU, P.; ET AL. CYP2E1 and catalase influence ethanol sensitivity in the central nervous system. Pharmacognetics and Genomics 16(1):51-58, 2006.
90. WANG, M.; MCINTEE, E.J.; CHENG, G.; ET AL. Identification of DNA adducts of acetaldehyde. Chemical Research in Toxicology 13:1149-1157, 2000.
91. WARD, R.J.; COLANTUONI, C.; DAHCHOUR, A.; ET AL. Acetaldehyde-induced changes in the monoamine and amino acid extracellular microdialysate content of the nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 36:225-232, 1997.
92. WARNER, M., AND GUSTAFSSON, J.A. Effect of ethanol on cytochrome P450 in the rat brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91:1019-1023, 1994.
93. WESTCOTT, J.Y.; WEINER, H.; SCHULTZ, J.; AND MYERS, R.D. In vivo acetaldehyde in the brain of the rat treated with ethanol. Biochemical Pharmacology 29:411-417, 1980.
94. ZIMATKIN, S.M., AND DEITRICH, R. Ethanol metabolism in the brain. Addiction Biology 2:387-399, 1997.
95. ZIMATKIN, S.M., AND LINDROS, K.O. Distribution of catalase in rat brain: Aminergic neurons as possible targets for ethanol effects. Alcohol and Alcoholism 31:167-174, 1996.
96. ZIMATKIN S.M.; LIOPO, A.V.; AND DEITRICH, R.A. Distribution and kinetics of ethanol metabolism in rat brain. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 22:1623-1627, 1998.
97. ZIMATKIN, S.M.; LIOPO, A.V.; AND DEITRICH, R.A. Oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde in brain and the possible behavioral consequences. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 463:231-236, 1999.
98. ZIMATKIN, S.M., AND PRONKO, P.S. Levels of ethanol and acetaldehyde and morphological disturbances in brain following administration of alcohol and ALDH inhibitors. In: Jacob, B., and Bonte, W., eds. International Association of Forensic Science. Verlag, Berlin, 1995. pp. 1.4.
99. ZIMATKIN, S.M.; PRONKO, S.P.; VASILIOU, V.; ET AL. Enzymatic mechanisms of ethanol oxidation in the brain. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 30:1500-1505, 2006.
100. ZIMATKIN, S.M.; ROUT, U.K.; KOIVUSALO, M.; ET AL. Regional distribution of low-Km mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in the rat central nervous system. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 16:1162-1167, 1992.