The Orange Revolution at the crossroads

Demokratizatsiya

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 477-493

  Kuzio, Taras ^a,b  

^a German Marshall Fund of the USA ^*  (United States)

^b GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Democratization; Orange Revolution; Our Ukraine; PR; Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych; Universal crisis; Viktor Yushchenko; Yulia Tymoshenko

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRATIZATION; ELECTION; FOREIGN POLICY; NATIONAL POLITICS; POLITICAL REFORM;

EASTERN EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE; UKRAINE;

EID: 34250873424     PISSN: 10746846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3200/DEMO.14.4.477-495     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Scholars are divided in their views on the number of democratic revolutions and which country experienced the first revolution. Serbia (2000), Georgia (2003), Ukraine (2004), and Kyrgyzstan (2005) are often placed in one category by scholars with expertise in post-Soviet politics. Scholars who are experts in central European politics add Bulgaria (1996-97), ostensibly the "first" democratic revolution, and then Slovakia (1998). But this ignores the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia (1989) and the Solidarity movement in Poland (1980-89). Diffusion between these different revolutions undoubtedly took place, but to what degree is difficult to determine. See Taras Kuzio, guest editor of a special issue titled, "Democratic Revolutions in Post-Communist States," Communist and Post-Communist Studies 39, no. 3 (September 2006);
2. and Michael McFaul, "Transitions from PostCommunism," Journal of Democracy 16, no. 3 (July 2005): 5-19.
3. See Taras Kuzio, "Revisiting the Orange Revolution, Parts One and Two: Considerable Gains," Eurasian Daily Monitor 2, no. 217 and 220 (November 21 and 28, 2005).
4. See Alexander Motyl, "Ukraine and Russia: Divergent Political Paths," http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-ukraine/ russia_ukraine_3830.jsp (accessed August 17, 200);
5. and Taras Kuzio, "Ukraine Is Not Russia: Ukrainian and Russian Youth Compared," SAIS Review 27, no. 2 (Summer-Fall 2006), forthcoming.
6. The 2006 elections were held for the first time using a full proportional law with a 3 percent threshold. In the 1998 and 2002 elections, Ukraine used a mixed proportional and majoritarian system with a 4 percent threshold and seats elected equally using both systems. Ukraine's first elections in 1994 were held using a fully majoritarian system.
7. On the formation of the Our Ukraine bloc and Yushchenko's personality and politics see Taras Kuzio, "Yushchenko: Constructing an Opposition," Transitions On Line, August 11, 2006;
8. and "How to Understand Yushchenko," Kyiv Post, June 15, 2006.
9. See Lucan A. Way, "Kuchma's Failed Authoritarianism," Journal of Democracy 16, no. 2 (April 2005): 131-45;
10. Taras Kuzio, "Ukraine's Orange Revolution. The Opposition's Road to Success," Journal of Democracy 16, no. 2 (April 2005): 117-30;
11. and Taras Kuzio, "Kuchma to Yushchenko: Ukraine's 2004 Elections and 'Orange Revolution,'" Problems of Post-Communism 52, no. 2 (March-April 2005): 29-44.
12. See also Anders Åslund and Michael McFaul, eds., Revolution in Orange (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment, 2006).
13. 971 Ukrainian journalists issued an appeal to the PR demanding that it uphold media freedom. See http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2006/7/13/ 44462.htm (accessed July 14, 2006).
14. See L. A. Way, "Authoritarian State-Building and the Sources of Political Liberalization in the Western Former Soviet Union, 1992-2004," World Politics 57, no. 2 (January 2005): 231-61.
15. On the Kuchma era, see two special issues guest edited by Taras Kuzio and Paul D'Anieri, Problems of Post-Communism 52, no. 5 (September-October 2005)
16. and Communist and Post-Communist Studies 38, no. 2 (June 2005).
17. The BYuT contested the 2002 elections as the Forum for National Salvation.
18. See Kuzio, "Understand Yushchenko," Kyiv Post, June 15, 2006.
19. See comments by Dominique Arel and Alexander Motyl in the Ukrainian Weekly, "Scholars Comment on the 15th Anniversary of Ukraine's Independence," August 6, 2006.
20. Dmytro Lykhoviy, "Melodiya Prohrashu," Ukrayinska Pravda, August 10, 2006.
21. See Taras Kuzio, "Russian Policy toward Ukraine During Elections," Demokratizatsiya 13, no. 4 (Fall 2005): 491-517.
22. Ludmilla Shanhina, "Pro Kraiinu, Derzhavu Ta Hromadian u Perekhidnomu Vitsi," Zerkalo Tyzhnia, August 19-25, 2006.
23. See the debate between Anders Åslund, "Re-privatization Should Be Avoided," Kyiv Post, February 2, 2006,
24. and Taras Kuzio, "Re-Privatization and the Revolution," Kyiv Post, February 23, 2006.
25. See Taras Kuzio, "Only the U.S. Tries and Convicts," Kyiv Post, September 7, 2006.
26. See Taras Kuzio, "Yushchenko's Referendum Threats Ring Hollow," Eurasian Daily Monitor 3, no. 17 (January 2006).
27. See statements on http://www.byut.com.ua and http://www.pora.org.ua/ (accessed August 6, 2006).
28. See L. Way, "The Sources and Dynamics of Competitive Authoritarianism in Ukraine," Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 20, no. 1 (March 2004): 143-61.