Transitions from postcommunism

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 5-19

  McFaul, Michael ^a,b  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 23744514779     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.2005.0049     Document Type: Review

References (25)

1. On why, see Valerie Bunce, "The Political Economy of Postsocialism," Slavic Review 58 (Winter 1999): 756-93;
2. M. Steven Fish, "The Determinants of Economic Reform in the Post-Communist World," East European Politics and Societies 12 (Winter 1998): 31-78;
3. and Michael McFaul, "The Fourth Wave of Democracy and Dictatorship: Noncooperative Transitions in the Postcommunist World," World Politics 54 (January 2002): 212-44.
4. In early 2005, Kyrgyzstan's semi-autocratic president Askar Akayev also suffered an ouster at least in part due to the factors described in this essay, but the nature of the events remains too murky - and their implications for democracy too uncertain - to be included in this analysis at this time.
5. Charles Tilly, From Mobilization to Revolution (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978), 191.
6. Author's interview with Taras Stetskiv ("Our Ukraine" leader and one of the central organizers of the protest at Kyiv's Independence Square after 22 November 2004), Kyiv, 10 March 2005.
7. Daniel Brumberg, "Liberalization versus Democracy," in Thomas Carothers and Marina Ottoway, eds., Uncharted Journey: Promoting Democracy in the Middle East (Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2004), 15-36.
8. On this regime type, see Larry Diamond, "Thinking about Hybrid Regimes," Journal of Democracy 13 (April 2002): 21-35;
9. and Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way, "The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism," Journal of Democracy 13 (April 2002): 51-65.
10. Zeljko Cvijanović, "Belgrade Opposition Upbeat," Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 28 July 2000.
11. Richard Dobson, U.S. Department of State, "Georgians Fast Losing Faith in Shevardnadze and Their Democracy," M-238-01, 3 December 2001, 1.
12. Author's interviews with CeSID officials Zoran Lucić and Marko Blagojević, Belgrade, 13 January 2005.
13. Author's interview with Anna Tarkhnishuili (director of the Business and Consulting Company, one of the three firms involved in the exit poll), Tbilisi, 14 October 2004.
14. Author's interview with Ihor Popov (chairman of the Committee of Ukrainian Voters), Kyiv, 10 March 2005.
15. Author's interview with Ilko Kucheriv (president of Democratic Initiatives and organizer of the exit-poll consortium), Kyiv, 10 March 2005.
16. Author's interview with CEC member Roman Knyazevich, Kyiv, 12 March 2005.
17. On B-92's history, see Matthew Collin, Guerilla Radio: Rock 'n' Roll Radio and Serbia's Underground Resistance (New York: Nation, 2001).
18. On the Serbia connections, see interview with David Zurabishvili (former head of the Liberty Institute), in Zurab Karumidze and James Wertsch, eds., Enough! The Rose Revolution in the Republic of Georgia 2003 (New York: Nova Science, 2004), 61-68;
19. and Peter Baker, "Tbilisi's 'Revolution of Roses' Mentored by Serbian Activists," Washington Post, 25 November 2003, A22.
20. C.J. Chivers, "How Top Spies in Ukraine Changed the Nation's Path," New York Times, 17 January 2005, A1.
21. Seymour Martin Lipset, Political Man: The Social Basis of Politics (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1960).
22. Author's interviews with several democratic activists involved in the anti-Milošević campaign in 2000. Polls show that Milošević benefited in the short run from the bombing campaign, although, ironically, this spike in popularity might have caused him to miscalculate his chances of winning a direct election.
23. Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia, Human Rights and Accountability: Serbia 2003 (Belgrade: Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia, 2004), 163-66.
24. Author's interviews with several Georgian NGO leaders, Tbilisi, 12-14 October 2004.
25. Author's interview with Pora leader Vladislav Kaskiv, Kyiv, 9 March 2005.