Technology Insight: Brain MRI and cardiac surgery - Detection of postoperative brain ischemia

Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine

Volumn 4, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 379-388

  Leary, Megan C ^a   Caplan, Louis R ^a  

^a BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; GADOLINIUM PENTETATE; HEPARIN; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR;

ARTIFICIAL HEART PACEMAKER; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN EMBOLISM; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; CORONARY STENT; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; DRUG INDICATION; EMBOLECTOMY; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; HEART SURGERY; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS; HUMAN; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PERFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SURGICAL RISK; SWAN GANZ CATHETER; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TIME MANAGEMENT; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT PLANNING; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION;

BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DIFFUSION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PROGNOSIS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 34250810189     PISSN: 17434297     EISSN: 17434300     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ncpcardio0915     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Barbut D and Caplan LR (1997) Brain complications of cardiac surgery. Curr Prob Cardio 22: 455-476
2. Wolman RL et al.; for the Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group and the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation (IREF) Investigators (1999) Cerebral injury after cardiac surgery: Identification of a group at extraordinary risk. Stroke 30: 514-522
3. Bucerius J et al. (2003) Stroke after cardiac surgery: A risk factor analysis of 16,184 consecutive adult patients. Ann Thorac Surg 75: 472-478
4. Naylor AR et al. (2002) Carotid artery disease and stroke during coronary artery bypass: A critical review of the literature. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surgery 23: 283-294
5. The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Investigators (1996) Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with angioplasty in patients with multivessel disease. N Engl J Med 335: 217-225
6. King SB et al. (1994) A randomized trial comparing coronary angioplasty with coronary bypass surgery. Emory Angioplasty versus Surgery Trial (EAST). N Engl J Med 331: 1044-1050
7. Ricotta JJ et al. (2003) Modeling stroke risk after coronary artery bypass and combined coronary artery bypass and carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 34: 1212-1217
8. Wityk RJ et al. (2001) Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with neurologic complications after cardiac surgery. Arch Neurol 58: 571-576
9. Roach GW et al. (1996) Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary bypass surgery. Multicenter Study of Peripoerative Ischemia Research Group and the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation Investigators. N Eng J Med 335: 1857-1863
10. Salzberg SP et al. (2005) Coronary artery surgery: Conventional coronary artery bypass grafting versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Curr Opin Cardiol 20: 509-516
11. Lund C et al. (2005) Cerebral ischemic injury and cognitive impairment after off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 80: 2126-2131
12. Wijeysundera DN et al. (2005) Off pump coronary artery surgery for reducing mortality and morbidity: Meta-analysis of randomized and observational studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 46: 872-882
13. Lamy A et al. (2005) The Canadian off-pump cornary artery bypass graft registry: A one-year prospective comparison with on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Can J Cardiol 21: 1175-1181
14. Panesar SS et al. (2006) Early outcomes in the elderly: A meta-analysis of 4,921 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting - comparison between off-pump and on-pump techniques. Heart 92: 1808-1816
15. Van Dijk D et al.; Octopus Study Group (2002) Cognitive outcome after off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized trial. JAMA 287: 1405-1412
16. Novick RJ et al. (2002) Effect of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting on risk-adjusted and cumulative sum failure outcomes after coronary artery surgery. J Card Surg 17: 520-528
17. Lev-Ran O et al. (2005) No-touch aorta off-pump coronary surgery: the effect on stroke. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 129: 307-313
18. Selike FW et al. (2005) Comparing on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting - Numerous studies but few conclusions: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association council on cardiovascular surgery and anesthesia in collaboration with the interdisciplinary working group on quality of care and outcomes research. Circulation 111: 2858-2864
19. Gansera B et al. (2003) Simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and cardiac surgery - additional risk or safety procedure? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 51: 22-27
20. Sharony R et al. (2006) Minimally invasive reoperative isolated valve surgery: Early and mid-term results. J Card Surg 21: 240-244
21. Aklog L. et al. (1998) Techniques and results of direct-access minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: A paradigm for the future. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 116: 705-715
22. Likosky DS et al. (2003) Determination of etiologic mechanisms of strokes secondary to coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Stroke 34: 2830-2834
23. Shaw PJ et al. (1985) Early neurological complications of coronary artery bypass surgery. Br Med J 291: 1384-1387
24. Breuer AC et al. (1983) Central nervous system complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Prospective analysis of 421 patients. Stroke 14: 682-687
25. Ropper AH et al. (1982) Carotid bruit and the risk of stroke in elective surgery. N Engl J Med 307: 1388-1390
26. Furlan AJ and Craciun AR (1985) Risk of stroke during coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with internal carotid artery disease documented by angiography. Stroke 16: 797-799
27. Sila C (1991) Neuroimaging of cerebral infarction associated with coronary revascularization. AJNR 12: 817-818
28. Hise JH et al. (1991) Stroke associated with coronary artery bypass surgery. AJNR 12: 811-814
29. Breuer AC et al. (1983) Central nervous system complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Prospective analysis of 421 patients. Stroke 14: 682-687
30. Wijdicks EFM and Jack CR (1996) Coronary artery bypass grafting-associated stroke. J Neuroimag 6: 20-22
31. Roach GW et al. (1996) Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary bypass surgery. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group and the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation Investigators. N Engl J Med 335: 1857-1863
32. Naylor AR et al. (2003) A systematic review of outcomes following staged and synchronous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 25: 380-389
33. Mills SA (11995) Risk factors for cerebral injury and cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 59: 1796-1799
34. Lynn GM et al. (1992) Risk factors for stroke after coronary artery bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 104: 1518-1523
35. Mangano DT and Mora Mangano CT (1997) Perioperative stroke encephalopathy and CNS dysfunction. J Intensive Care Med 12: 148-160
36. Barbut D et al. (1994) Cerebral emboli detected during bypass surgery are associated with clamp removal. Stroke 25: 2398-2402
37. Boivie P et al. (2005) Side differences in cerebrovascular accidents after cardiac surgery: A statistical analysis of neurologica symptoms and possible implications for anatomic mechanisms of aortic particle embolization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 129: 591-598
38. Pugsley W et al. (1994) The impact of microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass on neuropsychological functioning. Stroke 25: 1393-1399
39. Petaja J et al. (1996) Fibrinolysis, antithrombin III, and protein C in neonates during cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 112: 665-671
40. Parolari A et al. (2003) Coagulation and fibrinolytic markers in a two-month follow-up of coronary bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 125: 336-343
41. Gilman S (1965) Cerebral disorders after open-heart operations. N Engl J Med 272: 489-498
42. Coffey CE et al. (1983) Natural history of cerebral complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Neurology 33: 1416-1421
43. Perez-Vela JL et al. (2005) Neurologic complications in the immediate postoperative period after cardiac surgery: Role of magnetic resonance imaging [Spanish]. Rev Esp Cardiol 58: 1014-1021
44. Humphreys RP et al. (1975) Cerebral hemorrhage following heart surgery. J Neurosurg 43: 671-675
45. Sila CA (1989) Spectrum of neurologic events following cardiac transplantation. Stroke 20: 1586-1589
46. Caplan LR (1988) Intracerebral hemorrhage revisited. Neurology 38: 624-627
47. Kidwell CS et al. (2004) Comparison of MRI and CT for detection of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. JAMA 292: 1823-1830
48. Gonzalez RG (2006) Imaging-guided acute ischemic stroke therapy: From "time is brain" to "physiology is brain". AJNR 27: 728-735
49. Ringlestein EB et al. (1989) Computed tomographic patterns of proven embolic brain infarcts. Ann Neurol 26: 759-765
50. Smajlovic D and Sinanovic O (2004) Sensitivity of the neuroimaging techniques in ischemic stroke. Med Arh 58: 282-284
51. McConnell JR et al. (1990) Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in infants and children before and after cardiac surgery. Am J Dis Child 144: 374-378
52. Wityk RJ and Restrepo L (2002) Cardiac surgery and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Arch Neurol 59: 1074-1075
53. Harris DN et al. (1993) Brain swelling in first hour after coronary artery bypass surgery. Lancet 342: 586-587
54. Vanninen R et al. (1998) Subclinical cerebral complications after coronary artery bypass grafting: Prospective analysis with magnetic resonance imaging, quantitative electroencephalography, and neuropsychological assessment. Arch Neurol 55: 618-627
55. Toner I et al. (1994) Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological changes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: preliminary findings. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 6: 163-169
56. Kohn A (2002) Magnetic resonance imaging registration and quantitation of the brain before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 73 (Suppl):S363-S365
57. Steinberg GK et al. (1996) MR and cerebrospinal fluid enzymes as sensitive indicators of subclinical cerebral injury after open-heart valve replacement surgery. Am J Neuroradiol 17: 205-212
58. Restrepo L et al. (2002) Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain before and after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Stroke 33: 2909-2915
59. Lovblad KO et al. (1998) Clinical experience with diffusion-weighted MR in patients with acute stroke. AJNR 19 1061-1066
60. Marks MP et al. (1996) Acute and chronic stroke: Navigated spin-echo diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Radiology 199: 403-408
61. Schaefer PW et al. (2000) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain. Radiology 217: 331-345
62. Lansberg MG et al. (2000) Advantages of adding diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to conventional magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating acute stroke. Arch Neurol 57: 1311-1316
63. Kidwell CS et al. (2002) Late secondary injury in patients receiving intraarterial thrombolysis. Ann Neurol 52: 698-703
64. Schaefer PW et al. (2004) Characterization and evolution of diffusion MR imaging abnormalities in stroke patients undergoing intraarterial thrombolysis. AJNR 25: 951-957
65. Beauchamp NJ Jr and Bryan RN (1998) Acute cerebral ischemic infarction: a pathophysiologic review and radiologic perspective. AJR Am J Roentgenol 171: 73-84
66. Rosen B et al. (1990) Perfusion imaging with NMR contrast agents. Magn Reson Med 14: 249-265
67. Knipp SC et al. (2005) Small ischemic brain lesions after cardiac valve replacement detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: Relation to neurocognitive function. Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg 28: 88-96
68. Floyd TF et al. (2006) Clinically silent cerebral ischemic events after cardiac surgery: Their incidence, regional vascular occurrence, and procedural dependence. Ann Thorac Surg 81: 2160-2166
69. Stolz E et al. (2004) Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and neurobiochemical markers after aortic valve replacement: implications for future neuroprotective trials? Stroke 35: 888-892
70. Djaiani G et al. (2004) Mild to moderate atheromatous disease of the thoracic aorta and new ischemic brain lesions after conventional coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Stroke 35: 356-358
71. Gottesman RF et al. (2006) Watershed strokes after cardiac surgery: Diagnosis, etiology, and outcome. Stroke 37: 2306-2311
72. Bendszus M and Stoll G (2006) Silent cerebral ischaemia: Hidden fingerprints of invasive medical procedures. Lancet Neurol 5 364-372
73. Bendszus M et al. (2004) Heparin and air filters reduce embolic events caused by intra-arterial cerebral angiography: A prospective, randomized trial. Circulation 110: 2210-2215
74. Choi SH et al. (2000) Diffusion-weighted MRI in vascular dementia. Neurology 54: 83-89
75. Fiebach JB et al. (2005) Diffusion and perfusion MR imaging in stroke [German]. Radiologe 45: 412-419
76. Schalug G et al. (1999) The ischemic penumbra: Operationally defined by diffusion and perfusion MRI. Neurology 52: 1784-1792
77. Sunshine JL et al. (1999) Hyperacute stroke: Ultrafast MR imaging to triage patients prior to therapy. Radiology 212: 391-401
78. Warach S (2003) Measurement of the ischemic penumbra with MRI: It's about time. Stroke 34: 2533-2534
79. Wittsack HJ et al. (2002) MR imaging in acute stroke: diffusion-weighted and perfusion imaging parameters for predicting infarct size. Radiology 222: 397-403
80. Oliveira-Filho J and Koroshetz WJ (2000) Magnetic resonance imaging in acute stroke: Clinical perspective. Top Magn Reson Imaging 11 246-258
81. Bui JD and Caplan LR (2006) Magnetic resonance imaging in intracerebral hemorrhage. Semin Cerebrovasc Dis Stroke 5: 172-177
82. Fiebach JS et al. (2004) Stroke magnetic resonance imaging is accurate in hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 35: 502-507
83. Katz JM and Gobin YP (2006) Merci retriever in acute stroke treatment. Expert Rev Med Devices 3: 273-280
84. Smith WS et al.; MERCI Trial Investigators (2005) Safety and efficacy of mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke: Results of the MERCI trial. Stroke 36: 1432-1438
85. Liebeskind DS et al. (2003) Neuroimaging of cerebral ischemia in clinical practice [abstract]. Stroke 34: 255
86. Ruland S et al. (2002) Acute stroke care in Illinois. Stroke 33: 1334-1339
87. Edwards MB et al. (2005) Assessment of magnetic field (4.7T) induced forces on prosthetic heart valves and annuloplasty rings. J Magn Reson Imaging 22: 311-317
88. Pruefer D et al. (2001) In vitro investigation of prosthetic heart valves in magnetic resonance imaging: Evaluation of potential hazards. J Heart Valve Dis 10: 410-414
89. Shellock FG (2001) Prosthetic heart valves and annuloplasty rings: assessment of magnetic field interactions, heating, and artifacts at 1.5 Tesla. J Cardiovasc Magn Res 3: 317-324
90. Hartnell GG et al. (1997) Safety of MR imaging in patients who have retained metallic materials after cardiac surgery. Am J Roentgenol 168: 1157-1159
91. Gerber TC et al. (2003) Clinical safety of magnetic resonance imaging early after coronary artery stent placement. J Am Coll Cardiol 42: 1295-1298
92. Porto I et al. (2005) Safety of magnetic resonance imaging one to three days after bare metal and drug-eluting stent implantation. Am J Cardiol 96: 366-368
93. Schroeder AP et al. (2000) Magnetic resonance imaging seems safe in patients with intracoronary stents. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2: 43-49