The role of information-processing capacity and goals in attitude-congruent selective exposure effects

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 33, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 948-960

  Smith, Steven M ^a   Fabrigar, Leandre R ^b   Powell, Deborah M ^c   Estrada, Marie Jöelle ^d  

^a SAINT MARY S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^d DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Attitudes; Bias; Information processing; Selective exposure

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTENTION; ATTITUDE; CANADA; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; MOTIVATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

ATTENTION; ATTITUDE; CANADA; COGNITION; GOALS; HUMANS;

EID: 34250809139     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: 15527433     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167207301012     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Adams, J.S. (1961). Reduction of cognitive dissonance by seeking consonant information. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62, 74-78.
2. Aiken, L.S., West, S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
3. Baron, R.M., Kenny, D.A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
4. Brock, T.C., Balloun, J.C. (1967). Behavioural receptivity to dissonant information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, 413-428.
5. Cacioppo, J.T., Petty, R.E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 116-131.
6. Cannon, L.K. (1964). Self-confidence and selective-exposure to information. In L. Festinger (Ed.), Conflict, decision, and dissonance (pp. 83-96). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
7. Cartwright, D. (1949). Some principles of mass persuasion: Selected findings of research on the sale of United States war bonds. Human Relations, 2, 253-267.
8. Chaiken, S., Liberman, A., Eagly, A.H. (1989). Heuristic and systematic processing within and beyond the persuasion context. In J. S. Uelman J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 212-252). New York: Guilford.
9. Cialdini, R.B., Trost, M.R., Newsom, J.T. (1995). Preference for consistency: The development of a valid measure and the discovery of surprising behavioral implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 318-328.
10. Cotton, J.L. (1985). Cognitive dissonance in selective exposure. In D. Zillmann J. Bryant (Eds.), Selective exposure to communication (pp. 11-33). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
11. Cotton, J.L., Hieser, R.A. (1980). Selective exposure to information and cognitive dissonance. Journal of Research in Personality, 14, 518-527.
12. Crites, S.L., Jr., Fabrigar, L.R., Petty, R.E. (1994). Measuring the affective and cognitive properties of attitudes: Conceptual and methodological issues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 619-634.
13. Eagly, A., Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Forth Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
14. Eagly, A.H., Chen, S., Chaiken, S., Shaw-Barnes, K. (1999). The impact of attitudes on memory: An affair to remember. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 64-89.
15. Ehrlich, D., Guttman, I., Schonbach, P., Mills, J. (1957). Postdecision exposure to relevant information. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 54, 98-102.
16. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.
17. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.
18. Fischer, P., Jonas, E., Frey, D., Schulz-Hardt, S. (2005). Selective exposure to information: The impact of information limits. European Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 469-492.
19. Freedman, J.L. (1965). Confidence, utility, and selective exposure: A partial replication. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 778-780.
20. Freedman, J.L., Sears, D.O. (1963). Voters preferences among types of information. American Psychologist, 18, 375.
21. Freedman, J.L., Sears, D.O. (1965). Selective exposure. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 57-97). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
22. Frey, D. (1981). Reversible and irreversible decisions: Preference for consonant information as a function of attractiveness of decision alternatives. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 621-626.
23. Frey, D. (1985). Amount of available information and selective exposure. Unpublished manuscript, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel.
24. Frey, D. (1986). Recent research on selective exposure to information. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 19, pp. 41-80). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
25. Frey, D., Wicklund, R. (1978). A clarification of selective exposure: The impact of choice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 132-139.
26. Higgins, E.T. (1998). From expectancies to worldviews: Regulatory focus in socialization and cognition. In J. M. Darley J. Copper (Eds.), Attribution and social interaction: The legacy of Edward E. Jones (pp. 243-269). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
27. Hovland, C.I., Janis, I.L., Kelly, H.H. (1953). Communication and persuasion: Psychological studies of opinion change. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
28. Jarvis, W.B.G. (2002). MediaLab: Experimental software for the social sciences. New York: Empirisoft.
29. Johnston, L. (1996). Resisting change: Information seeking and stereotype change. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 799-825.
30. Jonas, E., Frey, D. (2003). Information search and presentation in advisor-client interactions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 91, 154-168.
31. Jonas, E., Graupmann, V., Frey, D. (2006). The influence of mood on the search for supporting versus conflicting information: Dissonance reduction as a means of mood regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 3-15.
32. Jonas, E., Schulz-Hardt, S., Frey, D. (2005). Giving advice or making decisions in someone else's place: The influence of impression, defense, and accuracy motivation on the search for new information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 977-990.
33. Jonas, E., Schulz-Hardt, S., Frey, D., Thelen, N. (2001). Confirmation bias in sequential search after preliminary decisions: An expansion of dissonance theoretical research on selective exposure to information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 557-571.
34. Judd, C.M., Kulik, (1980). Schematic effects of social attitudes on information processing and recall. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 569-578.
35. Klapper, J.T. (1960). The effects of mass communication. Chicago: Free Press of Glencoe.
36. Kruglanski, A.W. (1990). Lay epistemic theory in social-cognitive psychology. Psychological Inquiry, 1, 181-197.
37. Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 480-498.
38. Lazarsfeld, P.F., Berelson, B., Gaudet, H. (1948). The people's choice (2 nd ed.). New York: Columbia University Press.
39. Lundgren, S.R., Prislin, R. (1998). Motivated cognitive processing and attitude change. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 715-726.
40. McGuire, W.J. (1968). Selective exposure: A summing up. In R. P. Abelson et al. (Eds.), Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook (pp. 797-800). Chicago: Rand-McNally.
41. Petty, R.E., Cacioppo, J.T. (1979). Issue involvement can increase or decrease persuasion by enhancing message-relevant cognitive responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1915-1926.
42. Petty, R.E., Cacioppo, J.T. (1986). Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. New York: Springer-Verlag.
43. Petty, R.E., Harkins, S.G., Williams, K.D., Latane, B. (1977). The effects of group size on cognitive effort and evaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 3, 579-582.
44. Pittman, T.S. (1998). Motivation. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4 th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 549-590). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
45. Schulz-Hardt, S., Frey, D., Luthgens, C., Moscovici, S. (2000). Biased information search in group decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 655-669.
46. Schulz-Hardt, S., Jochims, M., Frey, D. (2002). Productive conflict in group decision making: Genuine and contrived dissent as strategies to counteract biased information seeking. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 88, 563-586.
47. Schwarz, N., Frey, D., Kumpf, M. (1980). Interactive effects of writing and reading a persuasive essay on attitude change and selective exposure. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 1-17.
48. Sears, D.O. (1968). The paradox of de facto selective exposure without preferences for supportive information. In R. P Abelson et al. (Eds.), Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook (pp. 777-787). Chicago: Rand-McNally.
49. Tetlock, P.E. (1992). The impact of accountability on judgment and choice: Toward a social contingency model. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 331-376). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
50. Trope, Y., Liberman, A. (1996). Social hypothesis testing: Cognitive and motivational systems. In E. T. Higgins A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 239-270). New York: Guilford.