Highly fluorescent noble-metal quantum dots

Annual Review of Physical Chemistry

Volumn 58, Issue , 2007, Pages 409-431

  Zheng, Jie ^a,b   Nicovich, Philip R ^a   Dickson, Robert M ^a  

^a GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Biolabels; Free electron scaling; Gold cluster fluorescence; Jellium model; Single molecule microscopy

Indexed keywords

BIOMARKERS; ELECTRON TRANSITIONS; FLUORESCENCE; NANOCLUSTERS; PLASMONS; POLARIZATION;

BIOLABELS; ELECTRONIC TRANSITIONS; FREE ELECTRON SCALING; FREE-ELECTRON MODEL; MOLECULAR METALS; SINGLE-MOLECULE MICROSCOPY;

SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS;

FLUORESCENT DYE; METAL; NANOMATERIAL; QUANTUM DOT;

CHEMICAL MODEL; CHEMISTRY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; REVIEW;

FLUORESCENT DYES; METALS; MODELS, CHEMICAL; NANOSTRUCTURES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; QUANTUM DOTS;

EID: 34249941194     PISSN: 0066426X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104546     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Kreibig U, Vollmer M. 1995. Optical Properties of Metal Clusters. Berlin: Springer
2. Haberland H. 1994. Clusters of Atoms and Molecules: Theory Experiment, and Clusters of Atoms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
3. El-Sayed MA. 2001. Some interesting properties of metals confined in time and nanometer space of different shapes. Acc. Chem. Res. 34:257-64
4. Whetten RL, Shafigullin MN, Khoury JT, Schaaff TG, Vezmar I, et al. 1999. Crystal structures of molecular gold nanocrystal arrays. Acc. Chem. Res. 32:397-406
5. n of known size where n = 2-5: the molecular metal cluster-bulk metal particle interface. Inorg. Chem. 17:155-63
6. Chen W, Wang 2, Lin Z, Lin L, Fang K, et al. 1998. Photostimulated luminescence of AgI clusters in zeolite-Y. J. Appl. Phys. 83:3811-15
7. Peyser LA, Vinson AE, Bartko AP, Dickson RM. 2001. Photoactivated fluorescence from individual silver nanoclusters. Science 291:103-6
8. Cleveland CL, Landman U, Schaaff TG, Shafigullin MN, Stephens PW, Whetten RL. 1997. Structural evolution of smaller gold nanocrystals: the truncated decahedral motif. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79:1873-76
9. Link S, Beeby A, FitzGerald S, El-Sayed MA, Schaaff TG, Whetten RL. 2002. Visible to infrared luminescence from a 28-atom gold cluster. J. Phys. Chem. B 106:3410-15
10. 3 in argon matrices. J. Chem. Phys. 99:5712-17
11. Ashcroft NW, Mermin ND. 1976. Solid State Physics. New York: Holt/Rinehart & Winston
12. Kubo R. 1962. Electronic properties of metallic fine particles 1. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 17:975-86
13. Schaaff TG, Knight G, Shafigullin MN, Borkman RF, Whetten RL. 1998. Isolation and selected properties of a 10.4 kDa gold:glutathione cluster compound. J. Phys. Chem. B 102:10643-46
14. 2 generation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124:7499-505
15. Campbell CT, Parker SC, Starr DE. 2002. The effect of size-dependent nanoparticle energetics on catalyst sintering. Science 298:811-14
16. Sanchez A, Abbet S, Heiz U, Schneider W-D, Häkkinen H, et al. 1999. When gold is not noble: nanoscale gold catalysts. J. Phys. Chem. A 103:9573-78
17. n nanocluster photoproduction from silver oxide films. J. Phys. Chem. B 106:7725-28
18. Chen W, Joly AG, Roark J. 2002. Photostimulated luminescence and dynamics of AgI and Ag nanoclusters in zeolites. Phys. Rev. B 65:245404
19. 8 fluorescence in argon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86:2992-95
20. 3 clusters. Chem. Phys. Lett. 320:59-64
21. Harbich W, Fedrigo S, Buttet J, Lindsay DM. 1991. Optical spectroscopy on size selected gold clusters deposited in rare-gas matrices. Z. Phys. D. 19:157-59
22. Harbich W, Fedrigo S, Meyer F, Lindsay DM, Lignieres J. et al. 1990. Deposition of mass selected silver clusters in rare gas matrices. J. Chem. Phys. 93:8535-43
23. de Heer WA. 1993. The physics of simple metal-clusters: experimental aspects and simple models. Rev. Mod. Phys. 65:611-76
24. Knight WD, Clemenger K, de Heer WA, Saunders WA. 1985. Polarizability of alkali clusters. Phys. Rev. B 31:2539-40
25. Knight WD, Clemenger K, de Heer WA, Saunders WA, Chou MY, Cohen ML. 1984. Electronic shell structure and abundances of sodium clusters. Phys. Rev. Lett. 52:2141-43
26. Selby K, Kresin V, Masui J, Vollmer M, de Heer WA, et al. 1991. Photoabsorption spectra of sodium clusters. Phys. Rev. 043:4565-72
27. de Heer WA, Selby K, Kresin W, Masui J, Vollmer M, et al. 1987. Collective dipole oscillations in small sodium clusters. Phys. Rev. Lett 59:1805-8
28. Zheng J, Zhang C, Dickson RM. 2004. Highly fluorescent, water-soluble, size-tunable gold quantum dots. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93:077402
29. 8 nanodots. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125:7780-81
30. Zheng J. 2005. Fluorescent noble metal nanoclusters. PhD thesis. Georgia Inst. Technol., Atlanta
31. Zheng J, Dickson RM. 2002. Individual water-soluble dendrimer- encapsulated silver nanodot fluorescence. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124:13982-83
32. Petty JT, ZhengJ, Hud NV, Dickson RM. 2004. DNA templated growth of Ag nanoclusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126:5207-12
33. Peyser-Capadona L, Zheng J, Gonzalez JI, Lee TH, Patel SA, Dickson RM. 2005. Nanoparticle-free single molecule antistokes Raman spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94:058301
34. Monti OLA, Fourkas JT, Nesbitt DJ. 2004. Diffraction-limited photogeneration and characterization of silver nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B 108:1604-12
35. Gleitsmann T, Bernhardt TM, Wöste L. 2006. Luminescence properties of femtosecond-laser-activated silver oxide nanoparticles embedded in a biopolymer matrix. Appl. Phys. A 82:125-30
36. Zhang JG, Xu S, Kumacheva E. 2005. Photogeneration of fluorescent silver nanoclusters in polymer microgels. Adv. Mater. 17:2336-40
37. Treguer M, Rocco F, Lelong G, Nestour A, Cardinal T, et al. 2005. Fluorescent silver oligomeric clusters and colloidal particles. Solid State Sci. 7:812-18
38. Makarava N, Parfenov A, Baskakov IV. 2005. Water-soluble hybrid nanoclusters with extra bright and photostable emissions: a new tool for biological imaging. Biophys. J. 89:572-80
39. Altmann SL. 1970. Band Theory of Metals. Oxford: Pergamon
40. Johnston RL. 2002. Atomic and Molecular Clusters. London: Taylor & Francis
41. Wertheim GK, Dicenzo SB, Buchanan DNE. 1986. Noble-metal and transition-metal clusters: the D-bands of silver and palladium. Phys. Rev. B 33:5384-90
42. Clemenger K. 1985. Ellipsoidal shell structure in free-electron metal clusters. Phys. Rev. B 32:1359-62
43. +, with 3 ≤ n ≤ 64. Eur. Phys. J. D 6:109-18
44. Reiners T, Ellert C, Schmidt M, Haberland H. 1995. Size dependence of the optical-response of spherical sodium clusters. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74:1558-61
45. Nilius N, Wallis TM, Ho W. 2002. Development of one-dimensional band structure in artificial gold chains. Science 297:1853-56
46. Konig L, Rabin II, Schulze W, Ertl G. 1996. Chemiluminescence in the agglomeration of metal clusters. Science 274:1353-55
47. Palpant B, Prével B, Lermé J, Cottancin E, Pellarin M, et al. 1998. Optical properties of gold clusters in the size range 2-4 nm. Phys. Rev. B 57:1963-70
48. Nilius N, Ernst N, Freund H-J. 2001. Photon emission from individual supported gold clusters: thin film versus bulk oxide. Surf. Sci. 478:L327-32
49. Lee TH, Gonzalez JI, Zheng J, Dickson RM. 2005. Single-molecule optoelectronics. Acc. Chem. Res. 38:534-41
50. Gonzalez JI, Lee T-H, Barnes MD, Antoku Y, Dickson RM. 2005. Nonclassical single-gold-nanocluster electroluminescent light source at room temperature. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93:147402
51. Lee T-H, Gonzalez JI, Dickson RM. 2002. Strongly enhanced field-dependent single-molecule electroluminescence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:10272-75
52. Marcus R, Schwentner N. 1987. Physics and Chemistry of Small Clusters. New York: Plenum
53. Deleted in proof
54. Harbich W, Fedrigo S, Buttet J, Lindsay DM. 1992. Deposition of mass selected gold clusters in solid krypton. J. Chem. Phys. 96:8104-8
55. 9: a test of the photodepletion method. Chem. Phys. Lett. 227:490-95
56. 13 and their cations: gold clusters with 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 S-electrons. J. Chem. Phys. 101:3506-13
57. Collings BA, Athanassenas K, Rayner DM, Hackett PA. 1993. Absorption spectra of small niobium and gold clusters measured by photodepletion of their rare-gas van-der-Waals complexes: some preliminary experiments. Z. Phys. D. 26:36-40
58. Boyen HG, Kastle G, Weigl F, Koslowski B, Dietrich C, et al. 2002. Oxidationresistant gold-55 clusters. Science 297:1533-36
59. 55 clusters. Z. Phys. Chem. 169:11-28
60. 55 by secondary ion mass spectrometry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112:8166-67
61. Wallenberg LR, Bovin J-O, Schmid G. 1985. On the crystal structure of small gold crystals and large gold clusters. Surf. Sci. 156:256-64
62. 55 clusters: dramatic effect of a thiol-terminated dendrimer. Chem. A Eur. J. 6:1693-97
63. Schmid G, Baumle M, Geerkens M, Heim I, Osemann C, Sawitowski T. 1999. Current and future applications of nanoclusters. Chem. Soc. Rev. 28:179-85
64. Schmid G. 1992. Large clusters and colloids: metals in the embryonic state. Chem. Rev. 92:1709-27
65. Liu ST, Maoz R, Schmid G, Sagiv J. 2002. Template guided self-assembly of Au55 clusters on nanolithographically defined monolayer patterns. Nano Lett. 2:1055-60
66. 6 clusters and their electrical properties at room temperature. Nano Lett. 1:405-7
67. Wilcoxon JP, Martin JE, Parsapour F, Wiedenman B, Kelley DF. 1998. Photo-luminescence from nanosize gold clusters. J. Chem. Phys. 108:9137-43
68. Huang T, Murray RW. 2001. Visible luminescence of water-soluble monolayer-protected gold clusters. J. Phys. Chem. B 105:12498-505
69. Deleted in proof
70. Wang GL, Huang T, Murray RW, Menard L, Nuzzo RG. 2005. Near-IR luminescence of monolayer-protected metal clusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127:812-13
71. 38 nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126:6193-99
72. Shon YS, Wuelfing WP, Murray RW. 2001. Water-soluble, sulfonic acid-functionalized, monolayer-protested nanoparticles and an ionically conductive molten salt containing them. Langmuir 17:1255-61
73. Templeton AC, Cliffel DE, Murray RW. 1999. Redox and fluorophore function-alization of water-soluble, tiopronin-protected gold clusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:7081-89
74. Templeton AC, Chen S, Gross SM, Murray RW. 1999. Water-soluble, isolable gold clusters protected by tiopronin and coenzyme A monolayers. Langmuir 15:66-76
75. Ingram RS, Hostetler MJ, Murray RW, Schaaff TG, Khoury JT, et al. 1997. 28 kDa alkanethiolate-protected Au clusters give analogous solution electrochemistry and STM Coulomb staircases. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119:9279-80
76. Link S, El-Sayed MA, Schaaff TG, Whetten RL. 2002. Transition from nanoparticle to molecular behavior: a femtosecond transient absorption study of a size-selected 28 atom gold cluster. Chem. Phys. Lett. 356:240-46
77. Balogh L, Tomalia DA. 1998. Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-templated nanocomposites. 1. Synthesis of zerovalent copper nanoclusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120:7355-56
78. Zhao MQ, Crooks RM. 1999. Dendrimer-encapsulated Pt nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and applications to catalysis. Adv. Mater. 11:217-20
79. Crooks RM, Zhao M, Sun L, Chechik V, Yeung LK. 2001. Dendrimerencapsulated metal nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and applications to catalysis. Acc. Chem. Res. 34:181-90
80. Zheng J, Stevenson MS, Hikida RS, Van Patten PG. 2002. Influence of pH on dendrimer-protected nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. E 106:1252-55
81. Lin ZY, Kanters RPF, and Mingos DMP. 1991. Closed-shell electronic requirements for condensed clusters of the group-11 elements. Inorg. Chem. 30:91-95
82. Jin RC, Egusa S, Scherer NF. 2004. Thermally-induced formation of atomic Au clusters and conversion into nanocubes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126:9900-1
83. Tran ML, Zvyagin AV, Plakhotnik T. 2006. Synthesis and spectroscopic observation of dendrimer-encapsulated gold nanoclusters. Chem. Commun. 2006:2400-1
84. 20: a tetrahedral cluster. Science 299:864-67
85. Bartlett PA, Bauer B, Singer SJ. 1978. Synthesis of water-soluble undecagold cluster compounds of potential importance in electron microscopic and other studies of biological systems. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100:5085-89
86. Brus LE. 1984. Electron-electron and electron-hole interactions in small semiconductor crystallites: the size dependence of the lowest excited electronic state. J. Chem. Phys. 80:4403-9
87. Alivisatos AP. 1996. Semiconductor clusters, nanocrystals, and quantum dots. Science 271:933-37
88. N, 2 ≤ N ≤ 10) and their anions. Phys. Rev. B 62:R2287-90
89. 2(110)-(1 × 1) surface at room temperature. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127:13516-18
90. Kim YG, Oh S-K, Crooks RM. 2004. Preparation and characterization of 1-2 nm dendrimer-encapsulated gold nanoparticles having very narrow size distributions. Chem. Mater. 16:167-72
91. Thomas OC, Zheng W, Xu S, Bowen KH Jr. 2002. Onset of metallic behavior in magnesium clusters. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89:213403
92. Gonzalez JI, Lee TH, Barnes MD, Antoku Y, Dickson RM. 2004. Quantum mechanical single-gold-nanocluster electroluminescent light source at room temperature. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93:147402
93. Lee TH, Kumar P, Mehta A, Xu K, Dickson RM, Barnes MD. 2004. Oriented semiconducting polymer nanostructures as on-demand room-temperature single-photon sources. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85:100-2
94. Kumar P, Lee T-H, Mehta A, Sumpter BG, Dickson RM, Barnes MD. 2004. Photon antibunching from oriented semiconducting polymer nanostructures. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126:3376-77
95. Lee WI, Bae Y, Bard AJ. 2004. Strong blue photoluminescence and ECL from OH-terminated PAMAM dendrimers in the absence of gold nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126:8358-59
96. Lee T-H. 2004. Silver nanocluster single molecule optoelectronics and its applications. PhD thesis. Georgia Inst. Technol., Atlanta