Physiology of temperature regulation: Comparative aspects

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology

Volumn 147, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 616-639

  Bicego, Kênia C ^a   Barros, Renata C H ^b   Branco, Luiz G S ^b  

^a SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY UNESP   (Brazil)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Anapyrexia; Ectothermy; Endothermy; Fever; Hypothermia; Neural pathways; Neuromediators; Preoptic area

Indexed keywords

BRAIN NUCLEUS; BRAIN REGION; BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEHYDRATION; EVAPORATION; FEVER; FISH; HEAT LOSS; HYPERCAPNIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPOTHERMIA; HYPOXIA; NERVE TRACT; NONHUMAN; NONSHIVERING THERMOGENESIS; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SENSOR; SHIVERING; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SKIN BLOOD FLOW; STARVATION; STIMULUS; THERMOGENESIS; THERMOREGULATION; VERTEBRATE;

AMPHIBIA; ANIMALIA; AVES; MAMMALIA; RATTUS; REPTILIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 34248584767     PISSN: 10956433     EISSN: 15314332     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.06.032     Document Type: Review

References (403)

1. Adamo S.A. The specificity of behavioral fever in the cricket Acheta domesticus. J. Parasitol. 84 3 (1998) 529-533
2. Adham N., Zgombick J.M., Bard J., and Branchek T.A. Functional characterization of the recombinant human 5-hydroxytryptamine7(a) receptor isoform coupled to adenylate cyclase stimulation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 287 (1998) 508-514
3. Ahokas R.A., Seydoux J., Llanos-Q J., Masburn Jr. T.A., and Blatteis C.M. Hypothalamic opioids and the acute-phase glycoprotein response in guinea pigs. Brain Res. Bull. 15 (1985) 603-608
4. Akil H., Watson S.J., Young E., Khachaturian H., and Walker J.M. Endogenous opioids: biology and function. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 7 (1984) 223-255
5. Almeida M.C., and Branco L.G.S. Role of nitric oxide in insulin-induced hypothermia in rats. Brain Res. Bull. 54 1 (2001) 49-53
6. Almeida M.C., Steiner A.A., Coimbra N.C., and Branco L.G.S. Thermoeffector neuronal pathways in fever: a study in rats showing a new role of the locus coeruleus. J. Physiol. 558 (2004) 283-294
7. Altimiras J., Franklin C.E., and Axelsson M. Relationship between blood pressure and heart rate in the saltwater crocodile. J. Exp. Biol. 201 (1998) 2235-2242
8. Andrade D.V., Cruz-Neto A.P., and Abe A.S. Meal size and specific dynamic action in the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetologica 53 (1997) 485-493
9. Baker L.A., Weathers W.W., and White F.N. Temperature induced peripheral blood flow changes in lizard. J. Comp. Physiol. 80 (1972) 313-323
10. Bard J.A., Zgombick J., Adham N., Vaysse P., Branchek T.A., and Weinshank R.L. Cloning of a novel human serotonin receptor (5-HT7) positively linked to adenylate cyclase. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 23422-23426
11. Bao G., Randhawa P.M., and Fletcher E.C. Acute blood pressure elevation during repetitive hypocapnic and eucapnic hypoxia in rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 82 4 (1997) 1071-1078
12. Barnas G.M., and Rautenberg W. Shivering and cardiorespiratory responses during normocapnic hypoxia in the pigeon. J. Appl. Physiol. 68 1 (1990) 84-87
13. Barnes B.M. Freeze avoidance in a mammal: body temperatures bellow 0 °C in an Artic hibernator. Science 244 (1989) 1593-1595
14. Barros R.C.H., and Branco L.G.S. Role of central adenosine in the respiratory and thermoregulatory responses to hypoxia. NeuroReport 2 1 (2000) 193-197
15. Barros R.C.H., and Branco L.G.S. Central dopamine modulates anapyrexia but not hyperventilation induced by hypoxia. J. Appl. Physiol. 92 3 (2002) 975-981
16. 2. Respir. Physiol. 111 (1998) 223-231
17. Barros R.C.H., Zimmer M.E., Branco L.G.S., and Milsom W.K. Hypoxic metabolic response of the golden mantled ground squirrel. J. Appl. Physiol. 91 (2001) 603-612
18. Barros R.C.H., Abe A.S., Cárnio E.C., and Branco L.G.S. Regulation of breathing and body temperature of a burrowing rodent during hypoxic-hypercapnia. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 138 (2004) 97-104
19. Barros R.C.H., Branco L.G.S., and Cárnio E.C. Evidence for thermoregulation by dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the anteroventral preoptic region during normoxia and hypoxia. Brain Res. 1030 2 (2004) 165-171
20. Bartholomew G.A., and Tucher V.A. Control of changes in body temperature, metabolism, and circulation by the agamid lizard, Amphibolurus barbatus. Physiol. Zool. 36 (1963) 199-218
21. Basta D., Tzschentke B., and Nichelmann M. Temperature guardian neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. Brain Res. 767 (1997) 361-362
22. Benamar K., Xin L., Geller E.B., and Adler M.W. Blockade of lipopolysaccharide-induced fever by a μ-opioid receptor-selective antagonist in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 40 (2000) 161-165
23. Benamar K., McMenamin M., Geller E.B., Chung Y.G., Pintar J.E., and Adler M.W. Unresponsiveness of mu-opioid receptor knockout mice to lipopolysaccharide-induced fever. Br. J. Pharmacol. 144 8 (2005) 1029-1031
24. Bennett A.F., and Ruben J.A. Endothermy and activity in vertebrates. Science 206 (1979) 649-654
25. Berger C., Schäbitz W., Georgiadis D., Steiner T., Aschoff A., and Schwab S. Effects of hypothermia on excitatory amino acids and metabolism in stroke patients. Stroke 33 (2002) 519-524
26. Berk M.L., and Heath J.E. Effects of preoptic, hypothalamic, and telencephalic lesions on thermoregulation in the lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. J. Therm. Biol. 1 (1975) 65-78
27. Bernal D., Dickson K.A., Shadwick R.E., and Graham J.B. Analysis of the evolutionary convergence for high performance swimming in lamnid sharks and tunas. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 129A (2001) 695-726
28. Bernheim H.A., and Kluger M.J. Fever and antipyresis in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Am. J. Physiol. 231 1 (1976) 198-203
29. Berridge C.W., and Waterhouse B.D. The locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system: modulation of behavioral state and state-dependent cognitive processess. Brain Res. Rev. 42 (2003) 33-84
30. Berntman L., Welsch F.A., and Harp J.R. Cerebral protective effect of low-grade hypothermia. Anesthesiology 55 (1981) 495-498
31. Bert P. La Pression Barométrique (1878), Masson, Paris 723-732
32. Bianco A.C., and Silva J.E. Intracellular conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine is required for the optimal thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue. J. Clin. Invest. 79 (1987) 295-300
33. Bianco A.C., and Silva J.E. Optimal response of key enzymes and uncoupling protein to cold in BAT depends on local T3 generation. Am. J. Physiol. 253 (1987) E255-E263
34. Bianco A.C., and Silva J.E. Cold exposure rapidly induces virtual saturation of brown adipose tissue nuclear T3 receptors. Am. J. Physiol. 255 (1988) E496-E503
35. Bicego K.C., and Branco L.G.S. Discrete electrolytic lesion of the preoptic area prevents LPS-induced behavioral fever in toads. J. Exp. Biol. 205 (2002) 3513-3518
36. Bicego K.C., Steiner A.A., Antunes-Rodrigues J., and Branco L.G.S. Indomethacin impairs LPS-induced behavioral fever in toads. J. Appl. Physiol. 93 (2002) 512-516
37. Bicego K.C., Steiner A.A., Gargaglioni L.H., and Branco L.G.S. Is lactate a mediator of hypoxia-induced anapyrexia?. Pflugers Arch. 444 (2002) 810-815
38. Bicego-Nahas K.C., Steiner A.A., Carnio E.C., Antunes-Rodrigues J., and Branco L.G.S. Antipyretic effect of arginine vasotocin in toads. Am. J. Physiol. 278 (2000) R1408-R1414
39. Bicudo J.E.P.W., Bianco A.C., and Vianna C.R. Adaptive thermogenesis in hummingbirds. J. Exp. Biol. 205 (2002) 2267-2273
40. Blatteis C.M. Fever. In: Blatteis C. (Ed). Physiology and Pathophysiology of Temperature Regulation (1998), World Scientific, Singapure 177-192
41. Blatteis C.M. Endotoxic fever: new concepts of its regulation suggest new approaches to its management. Pharmacol. Ther. 111 1 (2006) 194-223
42. Blatteis C.M., and Sehic E. Fever: how may circulating pyrogens signal the brain?. News Physiol. Sci. 12 (1997) 1-9
43. Blatteis C.M., and Sehic E. Circulating pyrogen signaling of the brain. A new working hypothesis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 813 (1997) 445-447
44. Blatteis C.M., Xin L., and Quan N. Neuromodulation of fever: apparent involvement of opioids. Brain Res. Bull. 26 (1991) 219-223
45. Blatteis C.M., Sehic E., and Li S. Pyrogen sensing and signaling: old views and new concepts. Clin. Infect. Dis. 31 Suppl 5 (2000) S168-S177
46. Block B.A. Thermogenesis in muscle. Annu. Ver. Physiol. 56 (1994) 535-577
47. Block B.A., and Finnerty J.R. Endothermic strategies in fishes: a phylogenetic analysis of constraints, predispositions, and selection pressures. Environ. Biol. Fisches 40 (1994) 283-302
48. Block B.A., and Stevens E.D. Tunas: Physiology, Ecology, and Evolution. Fish Physiology vol. 19 (2001), Academic Press, San Diego, CA
49. Blood A.B., Hunter C.J., and Power G.G. Adenosine mediates decreased cerebral metabolic rate and increased cerebral blood flow during acute moderate hypoxia in the near-term fetal sheep. J. Physiol. 553 3 (2003) 935-945
50. 2 production at raised body temperature in rats. Exp. Physiol. 85 (2000) 308-318
51. Boden A.G., Harris M.C., and Parkes M.J. The preoptic area in the hypothalamus is the source of the additional respiratory drive at raised body temperature in anaesthetised rats. Exp. Physiol. 85 5 (2000) 527-537
52. Bodnar R.J., and Klein G.E. Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2004. Peptides 26 (2005) 2629-2711
53. Boggs D.F., Kilgore Jr. L., and Birchard G.F. Respiratory physiology of burrowing mammals and birds. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 77 (1984) 1-7
54. Boss O., Samec S., Dulloo A., Seydoux J., Muzzin P., and Giacobino J.P. Tissue-dependent upregulation of rat uncoupling protein-2 expression in response to fasting or cold. FEBS Lett. 412 (1997) 111-114
55. Boss O., Samec S., Kuhne F., Bijlenga P., Assimacopoulos-Jeannet F., Seydoux J., Giacobino J.P., and Muzzin P. Uncoupling protein-3 expression in rodent skeletal muscle is modulated by food intake but not by changes in environmental temperature. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 5-8
56. Boulant J.A. Neural thermal reception and regulation of body temperature. In: Blatteis C. (Ed). Physiology and Pathophysiology of Temperature Regulation (1998), World Scientific, Singapure 93-105
57. Boulant J.A. Hypothalamic neurons: mechanisms of sensitivity to temperature. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 856 (1998) 108-115
58. Boulant J.A. Role of preoptic-anterior hypothalamus in thermoregulation and fever. Clin. Infect. Dis. 31 S5 (2000) S157-S161
59. Boulant J.A., and Dean J.B. Temperature receptors in the central nervous system. Annu. Ver. Physiol. 48 (1986) 639-654
60. Boutilier R.G., Glass M.L., and Heisler N. Blood gases and extracellular/intracellular acid-base status as a function of temperature in anuran amphibians Xenopus laevis and Bufo marinus. J. Exp. Biol. 130 (1987) 13-25
61. Bradford D.F. Winterkill, oxygen relations and energy metabolism of a submerged dormant amphibian, Rana muscosa. Ecology 64 (1983) 1171-1183
62. 2 and temperature on the relationship between lung volume and inspiratory duration (Herring-Breuer threshold curve). Acta Physiol. Scand. 92 (1974) 351-363
63. Branco L.G.S. Effects of 2-deoxy-d-glucose and insulin on plasma glucose levels and behavioral thermoregulation of toads. Am. J. Physiol. 272 (1997) R1-R5
64. Branco L.G.S., and Malvin G.M. Thermoregulatory effects of cyanide and azide in the toad, Bufo marinus. Am. J. Physiol. 270 (1996) R169-R173
65. Branco L.G.S., and Wood S.C. Role of central chemoreceptors in behavioral thermoregulation of the toad, Bufo marinus. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (1994) R1483-R1487
66. Branco L.G.S., and Steiner A.A. Central thermoregulatory effects of lactate in the toad, Bufo paracnemis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 122A (1999) 457-461
67. Branco L.G.S., Carnio E.C., and Barros R.C. Role of the nitric oxide pathway in hypoxia-induced hypothermia of rats. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (1997) R967-R971
68. Branco L.G.S., Steiner A.A., Tattersall G.J., and Wood S.C. Role of adenosine in the hypoxia-induced hypothermia of toads. Am. J. Physiol. 279 (2000) R196-R201
69. Branco L.G.S., Gargaglioni L.H., and Barros R.C.H. Anapyrexia during hypoxia. J. Therm. Biol. 31 (2006) 82-89
70. Brigham M.R., and Trayhurn P. Brown fat in birds? A test for the mammalian BAT-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein in common poorwills. Condor 96 (1994) 208-211
71. Brill R.W. Selective advantages conferred by the high performance physiology of tunas, billfishes, and dolphin fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 113 (1996) 3-15
72. Broccardo M., and Improta G. Hypothermic effect of d-Ala-deltorphin II, a selective opioid receptor agonist. Neurosci. Lett. 139 (1992) 209-212
73. Bryan J.D., Hill L.G., and Niell W.H. Interdependence of acute temperature preference and respiration in the plains minnow. Trans. Am. Fish Soc. 113 (1984) 557-562
74. Buchanan T.A., Cane P., Eng C.C., Sipos G.F., and Lee C.S.C. Hypothermia is critical for survival during prolonged insulin-induced hypoglycemia in rats. Metabolism 40 (1991) 330-334
75. Buffenstein R., and Yahav S. Is the naked mole-rat Heterocephalus glaber na endothermic yet poikilothermic mammal?. J. Therm. Biol. 16 (1991) 227-232
76. Bundey S., Raymond S., Dean P., Roberts S.K., Dillon R.J., and Charnley A.K. Eicosanoid involvement in the regulation of behavioral fever in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 52 (2003) 183-192
77. Burggren W.W. Role of the central circulation in regulation of cutaneous gas exchange. Am. Zool. 28 (1988) 985-998
78. Burns G., Ramos A., and Muchlinski A. Fever response in North American snakes. J. Herpetol. 30 (1996) 133-139
79. Bury R.B., and Balgooyen T.G. Temperature selective in the legless lizard, Anniella pulchra. Copeia (1976) 152-155
80. Busto R., Dietrich W.D., Globus M., Valdes I., Scheinberg P., and Ginsberg M.D. Small differences in intraischemic brain temperature critically determine the extent of ischemic neuronal injury. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 7 (1987) 729-738
81. Butler P.J. Metabolic regulation in diving birds and mammals. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 141 (2004) 297-315
82. Butler A.B., and Hodos W. The visceral brain: the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system. In: Butler A.B., and Hodos W. (Eds). Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (1996), Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York 328-345
83. Cabanac M. The pathology of human temperature regulation: thermiatrics. Experientia 43 (1987) 19-27
84. Cabanac M. Thermiatrics and behavior. In: Blatteis C. (Ed). Physiology and Pathophysiology of Temperature Regulation (1998), World Scientific, Singapure 108-124
85. Cabanac M., Hammel H.T., and Hardy J.D. Tiliqua scincoides: temperature-sensitive units in lizard brain. Science 158 (1967) 1050-1051
86. Cannon B., and Nedergaard J. Nonshivering thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue. In: Blatteis C. (Ed). Physiology and Pathophysiology of Temperature Regulation (1998), World Scientific, Singapure 60-77
87. Cannon B., and Nedergaard J. Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiol. Veg. 84 (2004) 277-359
88. Carr D.B., Bergland R., Hamilton A., Blume H., Kasting N., Arnold M., Martin J.B., and Rosenblatt M. Endotoxin-stimulated opioid secretion: two secretory pools and feedback control in vivo. Science 217 (1982) 845-848
89. Carey H.V., Andrews M.T., and Martin S.L. Mammalian hibernation: cellular and molecular responses to depressed metabolism and low temperature. Physiol. Rev. 83 (2003) 1153-1181
90. Casterlin M.E., and Reynolds W.W. Behavioral fever in anuran amphibian larvae. Life Sci. 20 (1977) 593-596
91. Cavicchini F., Candeletti S., and Ferri S. Effects of dynorphins on body temperature of rats. Pharmacol. Res. Commun. 20 (1988) 603-604
92. Chaplin S.B. The physiology of hypothermia in the black-capped chickadee, Parus atricapillus. J. Comp. Physiol. B 112 (1976) 335-344
93. Chew R.M. Water metabolism of desert vertebrates. Biol. Rev. 36 (1951) 1-31
94. Clark W.G. Influence of opioids on central thermoregulatory mechanisms. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 10 (1979) 609-613
95. Clark D.J., and Fewell J.E. Decreased body-core temperature during acute hypoxemia in guinea pigs during postnatal maturation: a regulated thermoregulatory response. Can. J. Phys. 74 (1996) 331-336
96. Collin A., Buyse J., van As P., Darras V.M., Malheiros R.D., Moraes V.M.B., Reyns G.E., Taouis M., and Decuypere E. Cold-induced enhancement of avian uncoupling protein expression, heat production, and triiodothyronine concentrations in broiler chicks. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 130 (2003) 70-77
97. Collin A., Taouis M., Buyse J., Ifuta N.B., Darras V.M., Van As P., Malheiros R.D., Moraes V.M.B., and Decuypere E. Thyroid status, but not insulin status, affects expression of avian uncoupling protein mRNA expression in chicken. Am. J. Physiol: Endocrinol. Metab. 284 (2003) E771-E777
98. Commission for TP of IUPS. Glossary of Terms for Thermal Physiology. Jpn. J. Physiol. 51 2 (2001) 225-280
99. Cowles R.B. Semantics in biothermal studies. Science 135 (1962) 670
100. Crawshaw L.I., and Hammel H.T. Behavioral thermoregulation in two species of antarctic fish. Life Sci. 10 1 (1971) 1009-1020
101. Crawshaw L.I., and Hammel H.T. Behavioral temperature regulation in the California horn shark, Heterodontus francisci. Brain Behav. Evol. 7 (1973) 447-452
102. Crawshaw L.I., Wollmuth P., and O ́Connor C.S. Intracranial ethanol and ambient anoxia elicit selection of cooler water by goldfish. Am. J. Physiol. 256 (1989) R133-R137
103. Cross K.W., Tizard J.P.M., and Trythall D.A.H. The gaseous metabolism of the newborn infant breathing 15% oxygen. Acta Paediatr. 47 (1958) 217-237
104. Crompton A.W., Taylor C.R., and Jagger J.A. Evolution of homeothermy in mammals. Nature 272 (1978) 333-336
105. Curras M.C., Kelso S.R., and Boulant J.A. Intracellular analysis of inherent and synaptic activity in hypothalamic thermosensitive neurones in the rat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 440 (1991) 257-271
106. D'Alecy L.G., and Kluger M.J. Avian febrile response. J. Physiol. 253 (1975) 223-232
107. Davatelis G., Wolp S.D., Sherry B., Dayer J.-M., Chicheportiche R., and Cerami A. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1: a prostaglandin-independent endogenous pyrogen. Science 243 (1989) 1066-1068
108. Dean J.B., and Boulant J.A. Effects of synaptic blockade on thermosensitive neurones in the rat diencephalon in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (1989) R65-R73
109. Decuypere E., Hermans S.C., Michels H., Kühn E.R., and Verheyen J. Thermoregulatory response and thyroid hormone concentrations after cold exposure in young chicks treated with iopanoic acid and saline. Adv. Phys. Sci. 33 (1981) 291-298
110. Dejours P. Factors of energy expenditure. Principles of Comparative Respiratory Physiology (1981), Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1-13
111. Dickson K.A. Locomotor muscle of high-performance fishes: what do comparisons of tunas with ectothermic sister taxa reveal?. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 113 (1996) 39-49
112. Dickson K.A., and Graham J.B. Evolution and consequences of endothermy in fishes. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 77 (2004) 998-1018
113. Dinarello C.A., Cannon J.G., and Wolff S.M. New concepts on the pathogenesis of fever. Rev. Infect. Dis. 10 (1988) 168-189
114. Don M., Estany A., Ramos A., Leoni R., and Muchlinski A.E. Re-examination of the afebrile response in two lizard species (Varanus exanthematicus and Gerrhosaurus major). J. Herpetol. 28 (1994) 385-388
115. Duchamp C., Barre H., Delage D., Rouanet J.L., CohenAdad F., and Minaire Y. Nonshivering thermogenesis and adaptation to fasting in king penguin chicks. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (1989) R744-R751
116. Duchamp C., Marmonier F., Denjean F., Lachuer J., Eldershaw T.P.D., Rouanet J.-L., Morales A., Meister R., Bénistant C., Roussel D., and Barré H. Regulatory, cellular and molecular aspects of avian muscle non-shivering thermogenesis. Ornis Fenn. 76 (1999) 151-165
117. Dulloo A.G., and Samec S. Uncoupling proteins: their roles in adaptive thermogenesis and substrate metabolism reconsidered. Br. J. Nutr. 86 (2001) 123-139
118. Dunwiddie T.V., and Fredholm B.B. Adenosine neuromodulation. Can. J. Physiol. Pharm. 72 (1997) 673-678
119. Dunn A.J., and Wang J. Cytokine effects on CSN biogenic amines. Neuroimmunomodulation 2 (1995) 319-328
120. Dupre R.K., Romero A.M., and Wood S.C. Thermoregulation and metabolism in hypoxic animals. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 227 (1988) 347-351
121. Dzialowski E.M., and O'Connor M.P. Physiological control of warming and cooling during simulated shuttling and basking in lizards. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 74 (2001) 679-693
122. Edwards N., Kriegsfeld L., and Crews D. Neural substrates for sexual and thermoregulatory behavior in the male leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius. Brain Res. 1029 (2004) 77-83
123. Eissel K., and Simon E. How are neuronal thermosensitivity and lack of thermoreception related in the duck's hypothalamus? A tentative answer. J. Therm. Biol. 5 (1980) 219-233
124. Emery A.R., Berst A.H., and Kodaira K. Under-ice observations of wintering sites of leopard frogs. Copeia (1972) 123-126
125. B receptors in fever induced by LPS (E. coli) in rats. Br. J. Pharmacol. 125 (1998) 542-548
126. Farmer C.G. Parental care: the key to understanding endothermy and other convergent features in birds and mammals. Am. Nat. 155 (2000) 326-334
127. Farmer C.G. Reproduction: the adaptive significance of endothermy. Am. Nat. 162 (2003) 826-840
128. Fay T. Observations of generalized refrigeration in cases of severe cerebral trauma. Assoc. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis. Proc. 24 (1943) 611-619
129. Firth B.I., Ralph C.L., and Boardman T.J. Independent effects of the pineal and a bacterial pyrogen on behavioral thermoregulation in lizards. Nature (London) 285 (1980) 399-400
130. Florez-Duquet M., Peloso E., and Satinoff E. Fever and behavioral thermoregulation in young and old rats. Am. J. Physiol. 280 (2001) R1457-R1461
131. Forsman A., Ringblom K., Civantos E., and Ahnesjo J. Coevolution of color pattern and thermoregulatory behavior in polymorphic pygmy grasshoppers Tetrix undulate. Evol. Int. J. Org. Evol. 56 (2002) 349-360
132. 2 involved in avian fever?. Life Sci. 56 (1995) 1343-1346
133. Franck J.P.C., Morrissette J., Keen J.E., Londraville R.L., Beamsley M., and Block B.A. Cloning and characterization of fiber type-specific ryanodine receptor isoforms in skeletal muscles of fish. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (1998) C401-C415
134. Frank S.M., Higgins M.S., Fleisher L.A., Sitzmann J.V., Raff H., and Breslow M.J. Adrenergic, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects of core cooling in humans. Am. J. Physiol. 272 (1997) R557-R562
135. Franklin C.E., and Seebacher F. The effect of heat transfer mode on heart rate responses and hysteresis during heating and cooling in the estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus. J. Exp. Biol. 206 (2003) 1143-1151
136. Frappell P.B., Lanthier C., Baudinette R.V., and Mortola J.P. Metabolism and ventilation in acute hypoxia: a comparative analysis in small mammalian species. Am. J. Physiol. 262 (1992) R1040-R1046
137. Fredholm B.B., Ijzerman A.P., Jacobson K.A., Klotz K., and Linden J. International Union of Pharmacology: XXV. Nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors. Pharmacol. Rev. 53 (2001) 527-552
138. Freinkel N., Metzger B.E., Harris E., Robinson S., and Mager M. The hypothermia of hypoglycemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 287 (1972) 841-845
139. Fudge D.S., and Stevens E.D. The visceral retia mirabilia of tuna and sharks: na annotated translation and discussion of the Eschricht and Muller 1835 paper and related papers. Guelph Ichthyol. Rev. 4 (1996) 1-54
140. Galli G., Taylor E.W., and Wang T. The cardiovascular responses of the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta to warming and cooling. J. Exp. Biol. 207 (2004) 1417-1478
141. Gargaglioni L.H., Steiner A.A., and Branco L.G. Involvement of serotoninergic receptors in the anteroventral preoptic region on hypoxia-induced hypothermia. Brain Res. 1044 (2005) 16-24
142. Gautier H. Hypoxic enigma: central effects of hypoxia on ventilatory and thermoregulatory control. In: von Euler C., and Lagererantz H. (Eds). Neurobiology of the Control of Breathing (1996), Raven, New York
143. Gautier H., and Murariu C. Neuromodulators and hypoxic hypothermia in the rat. Respir. Physiol. 112 (1998) 315-324
144. Gautier H., Bonora M., Schultz S.A., and Remmers J.E. Hypoxia-induced changes in shivering and body temperature. J. Appl. Physiol. 62 (1987) 2477-2484
145. Geiser F. Hibernation and daily torpor in two pygmy possum (Cercartetus spp. Marsupialia). Physiol. Zool. 60 (1987) 93-102
146. Geiser F. Reduction of metabolism during hibernation and daily torpor in mammals and birds: temperature effect or physiological inhibition. J. Comp. Physiol. B 158 (1988) 25-37
147. Geiser F., and Ruf T. Invited perspectives in physiological zoology hibernation versus daily torpor in mammals and birds: physiological variables ans classification of torpor patterns. Physiol. Zool. 68 (1995) 935-966
148. Geiser F., Drury R.L., Kortner G., Turbill C., Pavey C.R., and Brigham R.M. Passive rewarming from torpor in mammals and birds: energetic, ecological and evolutionary implications. In: Barnes B.M., and Carey H.V. (Eds). Life in the Cold: Evolution, Mechanisms, Adaptations and Applications. Twelfth International Hibernation Symposium. Biological Papers of the University of Alaska vol. 27 (2004), University of Alaska, Fairbanks 51-61
149. Gentle M.J. Cutaneous sensory afferents recorded from the nervus intramandibularis of Gallus gallus var domesticus. J. Comp. Physiol. A 164 6 (1989) 763-774
150. Glossary of Terms for Thermal Physiology. Jpn. J. Physiol. 51 2 (2001) 245-280
151. Goldbach J.M., Roth J., and Zeisberger E. Fever suppression by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy in guinea pigs depends on the route of administration. Am. J. Physiol. 272 (1997) R675-R681
152. Gordon C.J. Effect of nickel chloride on body temperature and behavioral thermoregulation in the rat. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 11 3 (1989) 317-320
153. Gordon C.J. The therapeutical potential of regulated hypothermia. Emerg. Med. J. 18 (2001) 81-89
154. Gordon C.J., and Fogelson L. Comparative effects of hypoxia on behavioral thermoregulation in rats, hamsters and mice. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (1991) R120-R125
155. Gordon C.J., Long M.D., Fehlner K.S., and Dyer R.S. Sulfolane-induced hypothermia enhances survivability in mice. Environ. Res. 40 1 (1986) 92-97
156. Gordon C.J., Mohler F.S., Watkinson W.P., and Rezvani A.H. Temperature regulation in laboratory mammals following acute toxic insult. Toxicology 53 (1988) 161-178
157. Gordon C.J., Gray Jr. L.E., Monteiro-Riviere N.A., and Miller D.B. Temperature regulation and metabolism in rats exposed perinatally to dioxin: permanent change in regulated body temperature?. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 133 (1995) 172-176
158. Graf R., Krishna S., and Heller H.C. Regulated nocturnal hypothermia induced in pigeons by food deprivation. Am. J. Physiol. 256 (1989) R733-R738
159. Graham J.B., and Dickson K.A. The evolution of thunniform locomotion and heat conservation in scombrid fishes: new insights based on the morphology of Allothunnus fallai. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 129 (2000) 419-466
160. Gray D.A., and Maloney S.K. Antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin II plasma concentrations in febrile Pekin ducks. J. Physiol. 511 2 (1998) 605-610
161. Gray D.A., Ironside C.S., and Maloney S.K. Modulation of plasma antidiuretic hormone levels does not change the magnitude of the LPS-induced febrile response in Pekin ducks. J. Comp. Physiol. 170B (2000) 315-320
162. Griffin J.D. Central thermosensitivity and the integrative responses of hypothalamic neurons. J. Therm. Biol. 29 (2004) 327-331
163. Griffin J.D., Saper C.B., and Boulant J.A. Synaptic and morphological characteristic of temperature-sensitive and-insensitive rat hypothalamic neurons. J. Physiol. (London) 537 (2001) 521-535
164. Grigg G.C. Na evolutionary framework for studies of hibernation and short-term torpor. In: Barnes B.M., and Carey H.V. (Eds). Life in the Cold: Evolution, Mechanisms, Adaptations and Applications. Twelfth International Hibernation Symposium. Biological Papers of the University of Alaska vol. 27 (2004), University of Alaska, Fairbanks 1-11
165. Grigg G.C., and Alchin J. The role of the cardiovascular system in thermoregulation of Crocodylus johnstoni. Physiol. Zool. 49 (1976) 24-36
166. Grigg G.C., and Seebacher F. Field test of a paradigm: hysteresis of heart rate in thermoregulation by a free-ranging lizard (Pogona barbata). Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B 266 (1999) 1291-1297
167. Grigg G.C., Beard L.A., and Augee M.L. The evolution of endothermy and its diversity in mammals and birds. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 77 (2004) 982-997
168. Grigg G.C., Drane C.R., and Courtice G.P. Time constants of heating and cooling in the eastern water dragon, Physignatus lesueruii, and some generalizations about heating and cooling in reptiles. J. Therm. Biol. 4 (1979) 95-103
169. Haftorn S. Hypothermia of tits in the artic winter. Ornis Scand. 4 (1972) 153-166
170. Hainsworth F.R., and Stricker E.M. Salivary cooling by rats in the heat. In: Hardy J.D., Gagge A.P., and Stolwijk J.A.J. (Eds). Physiological and Behavioural Temperature Regulation (1970), C.C. Thomas, Spring-field, IL 611-626
171. Hallman G.M., Ortega C.E., Towner M.C., and Muchlinski A.E. Effect of bacterial pyrogen on three lizard species. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 96 (1990) 383-386
172. Hammel H.T., Caldwell F.T., and Abrams R.M. Regulation of body temperature in the blue-tongued lizard. Science 156 (1967) 1260-1262
173. Hammel H.T., StrØmme S.B., and Myhre K. Forebrain temperature activates behavioral thermoregulatory responses in arctic sculpins. Science 165 (1969) 83-84
174. Hammel H.T., Simon E., Simon-Oppermann C., Kaul R., and Maggert J. Thermal stimulation of the spinal cord and hypothalamus in Adelie penguins. Antarc. J. 10 (1975) 126-127
175. Hammel H.T., Maggert J., Kaul R., Simon E., and Simon-Oppermann C.H. Effects of altering spinal cord temperature on temperature regulation in the Adelie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae. Pflügers Arch. 362 (1976) 1-6
176. Handler C.M., Geller E.B., and Adler M.W. Effect of mu-, kappa-, and delta selective opioid agonists on thermoregulation in the rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 43 (1992) 1209-1216
177. Hantson P., Ziade D., Evenepoel M., and Mahieu P. Severe hypoxia and hypothermia following barbiturate poisoning. Intensive Care Med. 22 (1996) 998-999
178. Harlow P., and Grigg G.C. Shivering thermogenesis in the brooding diamond python, Python spilotes spilotes. Copeia (1984) 959-965
179. Hayward J.S., and Lisson P.A. Evolution of brown fat: its absence in marsupials and monotremes. Can. J. Zool. 70 (1992) 171-179
180. Helfmann W., Jannes P., and Jessen C. Total body thermosensitivity and its spinal and supraspinal fractions in the conscious goose. Pflügers Arch. 391 1 (1981) 60-67
181. Herbert C.V., and Jackson D.C. Temperature effects on the responses to prolonged submergence in the turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii: metabolic rate, blood acid-base and ionic changes and cardiovascular functions in aerated and anoxic water. Physiol. Zool. 58 (1985) 655-669
182. Hicks J.W., and Wood S.C. Temperature regulation in lizards: effects of hypoxia. Am. J. Physiol. 248 (1985) 595-600
183. Hill J.R. The oxygen consumption of new-born and adult animals. Its dependence on the oxygen tension in the inspired air and on the environmental temperature. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 149 (1959) 346-373
184. Hislop M.S., and Buffenstein R. Noradrenaline induces non-shivering thermogenesis in both the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) and the damara mole-rat (Cryptomus damarensis) despite very different modes of thermoregulation. J. Therm. Biol. 19 (1994) 25-32
185. Hissa R., and Rautenberg W. The influence of centrally applied noradrenaline on shivering and body temperature in the pigeon. J. Physiol. 238 (1974) 421-435
186. Hori T., Nakashima T., Take S., Kaizuka Y., Mori T., and Katafuchi T. Immune cytokines and regulation of body temperature, food intake and cellular immunity. Brain Res. Bull. 27 (1991) 309-313
187. Hohtola E., Hissa R., Pyornila A., Rintamaki H., and Saarela S. Nocturnal hypothermia in fasting Japanese quail: the effect of ambient temperature. Physiol. Behav. 49 (1991) 563-567
188. Hoshino K. Food deprivation and hypothermia in desynchronized sleep deprived rats. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 29 (1996) 41-46
189. Hoyer D., Hannon J.P., and Martin G.R. Molecular, pharmacological and functional diversity of 5-HT receptors. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 71 (2002) 533-554
190. Hutchison V.H., and Dupré R.K. Thermoregulation. In: Feder M.E., and Burggren W.W. (Eds). Environmental Physiology of the Amphibians (1992), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA 206-249
191. 1 fever in the salamander Necturus maculosus. Herpetologica 26 (1981) 1-8
192. Hutchison V.H., Dowling H.D., and Vinegar A. Thermoregulation in a brooding female Indian python, Python molurus. Science 151 (1966) 694-696
193. Hylland P., Nisson G.E., and Lutz P.L. Time course of anoxia induced increase in cerebral blood flow rate in turtles: evidence for a role of adenosine. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 14 (1994) 877-881
194. Jansky L. Shivering. In: Blatteis C. (Ed). Physiology and Pathophysiology of Temperature Regulation (1998), World Scientific, Singapore 47-59
195. Jessen C., Hales J.R.S., and Molyneux G.S. Hypothalamic thermosensitivity in na meu, Dromiceius novae-hollandiae. Pflügers Arch. 393 (1982) 278-280
196. Johnson R.W., Curtis S.E., Dantzer R., and Kelley K.W. Central and peripheral prostaglandins are involved in sickness behavior in birds. Physiol. Behav. 53 (1993) 127-131
197. Johnston I.A., and Bernard L.M. Utilization of the ethanol pathway in carp following exposure to anoxia. J. Exp. Biol. 104 (1983) 73-78
198. Kabat A.P., Rose R.W., and West A.K. Non-shivering thermogenesis in a carnivorous marsupial, Sarcophilus harrisii, in the absence of UCP1. J. Therm. Biol. 28 (2003) 413-420
199. Kanematsu S., Kii M., Sonoda T., and Kato Y. Effects of hypothalamic lesions on body temperature in the chicken. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci. 29 (1967) 95-104
200. Kanosue K., Romanovsky A.A., Hosono T., Chen X.-M., and Yoda T. "Set point" revisited. In: Johannsen B.N., and Nielsen R. (Eds). Proceedings from the 1997 Symposium on Thermal Physiology (1997) 39-43
201. Kanosue K., Hosono T., Zhang Y.-H., and Chen X.-M. Neuronal networks controlling thermoregulatory effectors. Prog. Brain Res. 115 (1998) 49-62
202. Karimi A., Ball K.T., and Power G.G. Exogenous infusion of adenosine depresses whole body O2 use in fetal/neonatal sheep. J. Appl. Physiol. 81 2 (1996) 541-547
203. Kavaliers M., and Hirst M. The presence of an opioid system mediating behavioral thermoregulation in the terrestrial snail, Cepaea nemoralis. Neuropharmacology 23 (1984) 1285-1289
204. Kelso S.R., and Boulant J.A. Effects of synaptic blockade on thermosensitive neurons in hypothalamic tissue slices. Am. J. Physiol. 243 (1982) R480-R490
205. Klir J.J., and Heath J.E. Thermoregulatory responses to thermal stimulation of the preoptic anterior hypothalamus in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 109 3 (1994) 557-566
206. Klir J.J., McClellan J.L., and Kluger M.J. Interleukin-1β causes na increase in anterior hypothalamic interleukin-6 during LPS-induced fever in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (1994) R1845-R1848
207. Kluger M.J. Fever in the frog Hyla cenerea. J. Therm. Biol. 2 (1977) 79-88
208. Kluger M.J. Fever: role of pyrogens and cryogens. Physiol. Rev. 71 (1991) 93-127
209. Kluger M.J., Ringler D.H., and Anver M.R. Fever and survival. Science 188 4184 (1975) 166-168
210. Kluger M.J., Kozak W., Conn C.A., Leon L.R., and Soszynski D. Role of fever in desease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 856 (1998) 224-233
211. Koos B.J., Kruger L., and Murray T.F. Source of extracellular brain adenosine during hypoxia in fetal sheep. Brain Res. 778 (1997) 439-442
212. Koteja P. Energy assimilation, parental care and the evolution of endothermy. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B Biol. Sci. 267 (2000) 479-484
213. Koteja P. The evolution of concepts on the evolution of endothermy in birds and mammals. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 77 (2004) 1043-1050
214. 2 concentrations in burrows of euthermic and hibernating golden hamsters. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 84 (1986) 517-522
215. Kurz A., Sessler D.I., Narzt E., Bekar A., Lenhardt R., Huemer G., and Lackner F. Postoperative hemodynamic and thermoregulatory consequences of intraoperative core hypothermia. J. Clin. Anesth. 7 (1995) 359-366
216. Laburn H.P., Mitchell D., Kenedi E., and Louw G.N. Pyrogens fail to produce fever in a cordylid lizard. Am. J. Physiol. 241 (1981) R198-R202
217. Ladyman M., and Bradshaw D. The influence of dehydration on the thermal preferences of the western tiger snake, Notechis scutatus. J. Comp. Physiol. B 173 (2003) 239-246
218. Lai Y.L., Lamm J.E., and Hilderbrandt J. Ventilation during prolonged hypercapnia in the rat. J. Appl. Physiol. 51 (1981) 78-83
219. Lang J.W. Crocodilian thermal selection. In: Webb G.J.W., Manois S.C., and Whitehead P.J. (Eds). Wildlife Management: Crocodiles and Alligators (1987), Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney, AU 301-337
220. Lechner A.J. Respiratory adaptations in burrowing pocket gophers from sea level and high altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 41 (1976) 168-173
221. Le Gallois C. Deuxième mémoire sur la chaleur animale. Oeuvres vol. 2 (1930), Le Rouge, Paris 21-66
222. Leivestad H. The effect of prolonged submersion on the metabolism and the heart rate in the toad (Bufo bufo). Arb. Univ. Bergen, Mat. -Nat. Ser. 5 (1969) 1-15
223. Lepkovsky S., Snapin N., and Futura F. Temperature regulation and appetitive behavior in chickens with hypothalamic lesions. Physiol. Behav. 3 (1968) 911-915
224. Leshin L.S., and Malven P.V. Bacteremia-induced changes in pituitary hormone release and effect of naloxone. Am. J. Physiol. 247 (1984) E585-E591
225. Lillywhite H.B. Temperature selection by the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 40 (1971) 213-227
226. Lillywhite H.B. Physiological correlates of basking in amphibians. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 52 (1975) 323-330
227. Lillywhite H.B., Litch P., and Chelgren P. The role of behavioral thermoregulation in the growth energetics of the toad, Bufo boreas. Ecology 54 (1973) 375-383
228. Linthorst A.C.E., Flachskamm C., Holsboer F., and Reul J.M.H.M. Intraperitoneal administration of bacterial endotoxin enhances noradrenergic neurotransmission in the rat preoptic area: relationship with body temperature and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical activity. Eur. J. Neurosci. 7 (1995) 2418-2430
229. Lovenberg T.W., Erlander M.G., Baron B.M., and Sutcliffe J.G. Cloning of new 5-HT receptors. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2 (1993) 19-23
230. Lutz P.L., Prentice H.M., and Milton S.L. Is turtle longevity linked to enhanced mechanisms for surviving brain anoxia and reoxygenation?. Exp. Gerontal. 38 (2003) 797-800
231. Macari M., Furlan R.L., Gregorut F.P., Secato E.R., and Guerreiro J.R. Effects of endotoxin, interleukin-1β and prostaglandin injections on fever response in broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 34 (1993) 1035-1042
232. Malik K.U., and Sehic E. Prostaglandins and the release of adrenergic transmitter. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 604 (1990) 222-236
233. Maloney S.K., and Gray D.A. Characteristics of febrile response in Pekin ducks. J. Comp. Physiol. B 168 (1998) 177-182
234. Malvin G.M. Microvascular regulation of cutaneous gas exchange in amphibians. Am. Zool. 28 (1988) 999-1007
235. Malvin G.M., and Wood S.C. Behavioral thermoregulation of the toad, Bufo marinus: effects of air humidity. J. Exp. Zool. 258 (1991) 322-326
236. Marnila P., Tiiska A., Lagerspetz K., and Lilius E.-M. Phagocyte activity in the frog Rana temporaria: whole blood chemiluminescence method and the effects of temperature and thermal acclimation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 111A (1995) 609-614
237. Markstein R., Matsumoto M., Kohler C., Togashi H., Yoshioka M., and Hoyer D. Pharmacological characterisation of 5-HT receptors positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase in the rat hippocampus. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 359 (1999) 454-459
238. Martin R., Simon E., and Simon-Oppermann C. Brain stem sites mediating specific and non-specific temperature effects on thermoregulation in the Pekin duck. J. Physiol. 314 (1981) 161-173
239. Martinez J.M., Chapunoff D., Romero M.A., and Herman C.A. Eicosanoid synthesis by warm- and cold-acclimated American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) brain. J. Exp. Zool. 269 (1994) 298-307
240. Maruyama M., Nishi M., Konishi M., Takashige Y., Nagashima K., Kiyohara T., and Kanosue K. Brain regions expressing Fos during thermoregulatory behavior in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 285 (2003) R1116-R1123
241. Maskrey M. Body temperature effects on hypoxic and hypercapnic responses in awake rats. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (1990) R492-R498
242. 1 fail to induce fever in a teleost fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 77 (1984) 483-487
243. 2 sensitivity of the organun vasculosum lamina terminalis region and preoptic area in rat brain slices. J. Physiol. 454 (1992) 197-212
244. Mayer-Gross W., and Berliner F. Observations on hypoglycemia: IV. Body temperature and coma. J. Ment. Sci. 88 (1942) 419-427
245. Mayfield K.P., and D'Alecy L.G. Role of endogenous opioids peptides in the acute adaptation to hypoxia. Brain Res. 582 (1992) 226-231
246. Mayfield K.P., and D'Alecy L.G. Delta-1 opioid receptor dependence of acute hypoxic adaptation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 268 (1994) 74-77
247. Mayfield K.P., and D'Alecy L.G. Delta-1 opioid receptor agonist acutely increases hypoxic tolerance. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 268 (1994) 683-688
248. Mayfield K.P., Hong E.J., Carney K.M., and D'Alecy L.G. Potential adaptations to acute hypoxia: Hct, stress protein, and set point for temperature regulation. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (1994) R1615-R1622
249. Meden P., Overgaard K., Pedersen H., and Boysen G. Effect of hypothermia and delayed thrombolysis in a rat embolic stroke model. Acta Neurol. Scand. 90 (1994) 91-98
250. Menaker M. The free running period of the bat clock; seasonal variations at low body temperature. J. Cell Comp. Physiol. 57 (1961) 81-86
251. Mercer J.B., and Simon E. A comparison between total body thermosensitivity and local thermosensitivity in mammals and birds. Pflügers Arch. 400 (1984) 228-234
252. Meyer M., Hahn G., Buess C., Mesch U., and Piper J. Pulmonary gas exchange in panting dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 66 (1989) 1258-1263
253. McGaw I.J. Behavioral thermoregulation in Hemigrapsus nudus, the amphibious purple shore crab. Biol. Bull. 204 (2003) 38-49
254. McNab B.K. The evolution of endothermy in the phylogeny of mammals. Am. Nat. 112 (1978) 1-21
255. Mills S.H., and Heath J.E. Anterior hypothalamic preoptic lesions impair normal thermoregulation in house sparrows. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 43 (1972) 125-129
256. Mills S.H., and Heath J.E. Responses to thermal stimulation of the preoptic area in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Am. J. Physiol. 22 (1972) 914-919
257. Monagas W.R., and Gatten Jr. R.E. Behavioural fever in the turtles Terrapene carolina and Chrysemys picta. J. Therm. Biol. 8 (1983) 285-288
258. Morgareidge K.R., and Hammel H.T. Evaporative water loss in box turtles: effects of rostral brainstem and other temperatures. Science 187 (1975) 366-368
259. Morgareidge K.R., and White R.N. Cutaneous vascular changes during heating and cooling in the Galapagos marine iguana. Nature 223 (1972) 587-591
260. Morimoto T. Heat loss mechanisms. In: Blatteis C. (Ed). Physiology and Pathophysiology of Temperature Regulation (1998), World Scientific, Singapure 79-91
261. Morrison S.F. Differential control of sympathetic outflow. Am. J. Physiol. 281 (2001) R683-R698
262. Morrison S.F. Control pathways controlling brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. News Physiol. Sci. 19 (2004) 67-74
263. 2+-ATPase isoforms in the thermogenic heater organ of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans). J. Exp. Biol. 206 (2003) 805-812
264. Muchlinski A.E., Stoutenburgh R.J., and Hogan J.M. Fever response in laboratory-maintained and free ranging chuckwallas (Sauromalus obesus). Am. J. Physiol. 257 (1989) R150-R155
265. Myhre K., Cabanac M., and Myhre G. Fever and behavioral temperature regulation in the frog Rana sculenta. Acta Physiol. Scand. 101 (1977) 219-229
266. Nagashima K., Nakai S., Tanaka M., and Kanosue K. Neuronal circuitries involved in thermoregulation. Auton. Neurosci. 85 (2000) 18-25
267. Nakashima T., Pieral F., Simon E., and Hori T. Comparison between hypothalamic thermoresponsive neurons from duck and rat slices. Pflügers Arch. 409 (1987) 236-243
268. Necker R. Response of trigeminal ganglion neurons to thermal stimulation of the beak in pigeons. J. Comp. Physiol. 78 (1972) 307-314
269. Necker R. Thermal sensitivity of different skin areas in pigeons. J. Comp. Physiol. 116 (1977) 239-246
270. Necker R., and Gnuschke H. Effects of hypothalamic lesions on temperature regulation in pigeons. Brain Res. Bull. 22 (1989) 787-791
271. Necker R., and Rautenberg W. Effect of spinal deafferentation on temperature regulation and spinal thermosensitivity in pigeons. Pflügers Arch. 360 (1975) 287-299
272. Necker R., and Reiner B. Temperature-sensitive mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors and heat nociceptors in the feathered skin of pigeons. J. Comp. Physiol. 135 (1980) 201-207
273. Nelson D.O., and Prosser C.D. Effect of preoptic lesions on behavioral thermoregulation of green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus, and of goldfish, Carassius auratus. J. Comp. Physiol. 129 (1979) 193-197
274. Nelson D.O., and Prosser C.D. Intracellular records from thermosensitive preoptic neurons. Science 213 (1981) 787-789
275. Nelson D.O., and Prosser C.D. Temperature-sensitive neurons in the preoptic region of sunfish. Am. J. Physiol. 241 (1981) R259-R263
276. Nicol S., and Andersen N.A. The timing of hibernation in Tasmanian echidnas: why do they do it when they do?. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 131 (2002) 603-611
277. Nilsson G.E., and Renshaw G.M.C. Hypoxic survival strategies in two fishes: extreme anoxia tolerance in the North European crucian carp and natural hypoxic preconditioning in a coral-reef shark. J. Exp. Biol. 207 (2004) 3131-3139
278. Nilsson G.E., Hylland P., and Löfman C.O. Anoxia and adenosine induce increased cerebral blood flow in crucian carp. Am. J. Physiol. 267 (1994) R590-R595
279. 2? in adult fowls. Neuropharmacology 15 (1976) 737-741
280. O'Connor M.P. Physiological and ecological implications of a simple model of heating and cooling in reptiles. J. Therm. Biol. 24 (1999) 113-136
281. O'Connor C.S., Crawshaw L.I., Bedichek R.C., and Brabbe J.C. The effect of ethanol on temperature selection in the goldfish, Carssius auratus. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 29 (1988) 243-248
282. 2 may induce hyperthermia through EP1 receptor in the anterior wall of the third ventricle and neighboring preoptic regions. Brain Res. 767 (1997) 92-99
283. Oka T., Oka K., Kobayashi T., Sugimoto Y., Ichikawa A., Ushikubi F., Narumiya S., and Saper S.B. Characteristics of thermoregulatory and febrile responses in mice deficient in prostaglandin EP1 and EP3 receptors. J. Physiol. 551 (2003) 945-954
284. Ootsuka Y., Blessing W.W., and McAllen R.M. Inhibition of rostral medullary raphe neurons prevents cold-induced activity in sympathetic nerves to rat tail and rabbit ear arteries. Neurosci. Lett. 357 (2004) 58-62
285. Ortega C.E., Stranc D.S., Casal M.P., Hallman G.M., and Muchlinski A.E. A positive fever response in Agama agama and Sceloporus orcutti (Reptilia: Agamidae and Iguanidae). J. Comp. Physiol. B 161 (1991) 377-381
286. Ouedraogo R.M., Goettel M.S., and Brodeur J. Behavioral thermoregulation in the migratory locust: a therapy to overcome fungal infection. Oecologia 138 (2004) 312-319
287. Ovadia H., Abramsky O., and Weidenfeld J. Evidence for the involvement of the central adrenergic system in the febrile response induced by interleukin-1 in rats. J. Neuroimmunol. 25 (1989) 109-116
288. Paro F., Steiner A.A., and Branco L.G.S. Thermoregulatory response to hypoxia after inhibition of the central carbon monoxide-heme oxygenase pathway. J. Therm. Biol. 26 (2001) 339-343
289. Payette A.L., and McGaw I.J. Thermoregulatory behavior of the crayfish Procambarus clarki in a burrow environment. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 136 (2003) 539-556
290. Penas M., and Benito M. Regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity in the liver and brown adipose tissue in the newborn rat: effect of starvation and hypothermia. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 135 (1986) 589-596
291. Perret M., and Aujard F. Daily hypothermia and torpor in a tropical primate: synchronization by 24-h light-dark cycle. Am. J. Physiol. 281 (2001) R1925-R1933
292. Petersen A.M., Gleeson T.T., and Scholnick D.A. The effect of oxygen and adenosine on lizard thermoregulation. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 76 (2003) 339-347
293. Phillips D.L., Rashotte M.E., and Henderson R.P. Energetic responses of pigeons during food deprivation and restricted feeding. Physiol. Behav. 50 (1991) 195-203
294. Pillai N.P., and Ross D.H. Ethanol-induced hypothermia in rats: possible involvement of opiate kappa receptors. Alcohol 3 (1986) 249-253
295. Pires H.H., Lazzari C.R., Schilman P.E., Diotaiuti L., and Lorenzo M.G. Dynamics of thermopreference in the Chagas disease vector Panstrongylus megistus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J. Med. Entomol. 39 (2002) 716-719
296. Pittman Q.J., Veale W.L., Cockeram A.W., and Cooper K.E. Changes in body temperature produced by prostaglandins and pyrogens in the chicken. Am. J. Physiol. 230 (1976) 1284-1287
297. Pörtner H.O. Climate variability and the energetic pathways of evolution: the origin of endothermy in mammals and birds. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 77 (2004) 959-981
298. 2. Physiol. Zool. 64 (1991) 836-849
299. Pörtner H.O., Branco L.G.S., Malvin M.G., and Wood S.C. A new role for lactate in the toad Bufo marinus. J. Appl. Physiol. 76 (1994) 2405-2410
300. Raimbault S., Dridi S., Denjean F., Lachuer J., Couplan E., Boyillaud F., Bordas A., Duchamp C., Taouis M., and Ricquier D. Na uncoupling protein homologue putatively involed in facultative muscle thermogenesis in birds. Biochem. J. 353 (2001) 441-444
301. Ramos A.B., Don M.T., and Muchlinski A.E. The effect of bacteria infection on mean selected body temperature in the common agama, Agama agama: a dose-response study. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 105 (1993) 479-484
302. Randall D., Burggren W., and French K. Eckert Animal Physiology: Mechanisms and Adaptations. 4th ed. (1997), Freeman, New York
303. Rausch R.N., Crawshaw L.I., and Wallace H.L. Effects of hypoxia, anoxia, and endogenous ethanol on thermoregulation in goldfish, Carassius auratus. Am. J. Physiol. 278 (2000) R545-R555
304. Rautenberg W., Necker R., and May B. Thermoregulatory responses of the pigeon to changes of the brain and spinal cord temperatures. Pflügers Arch. 338 (1972) 31-42
305. Reissmann H.K., Ranieri V.M., Goldberg P., and Gottfried S.B. Continuous positive airway pressure facilitates spontaneous breathing in weaning chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients by improving breathing pattern and gas exchange. Intensive Care Med. 26 (2000) 1764-1772
306. Reynolds W.W., Casterlin M.E., and Covert J.B. Behavioural fever in teleost fishes. Nature ( Lond. ) 259 (1976) 41-42
307. Reynolds W.W., Casterlin M.E., and Covert J.B. Febrile response of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) to bacterial pyrogens. J. Therm. Biol. 3 (1978) 129-130
308. Reynolds W.W., Covert J.B., and Casterlin M.E. Febrile response of goldfish Carassius auratus to Aeromonas hydrophila and to Escherichia coli endotoxin. J. Fish Dis. 1 (1978) 271-273
309. Rocha P.L., and Branco L.G.S. Physiological significance of behavioral hypothermia in hypoglycemic frogs (Rana catesbeiana). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 119 (1998) 957-961
310. Roeder D.H., Lei M., and Morrison D.C. Endotoxic-lipopolysaccharide-specific binding proteins on lymphoid cells of various animal species: association with endotoxin susceptibility. Infect. Immun. 57 (1989) 1054-1058
311. Rogers F.T., and Lackey R.W. Studies on the brainstem: VII. The respiratory exchange and heat production after destruction of the body temperature regulating centers of the hypothalamus. Am. J. Physiol. 66 (1923) 453-460
312. Romanovsky A.A. Do fever and anapyrexia exist? Analysis of set point-based definitions. Am. J. Physiol. 287 (2004) R992-R995
313. Romanovsky A.A., Shido O., Ungar A.L., and Blatteis C.M. Peripheral naloxone attenuates lipopolysaccharide fever in guinea pig by an action outside the blood-brain barrier. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (1994) R1824-R1831
314. Rothwell N.J., and Stock M.J. Biological distribution and significance of brown adipose tissue. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 82 (1985) 745-751
315. Ruby N.F. Hibernation: when good clocks go cold. J. Biol. Rhythms 18 4 (2003) 275-286
316. Rudolphi K.A., Schubert P., Parkinson F.E., and Fredholm B.B. Neuroprotective role of adenosine in cerebral ischemia. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 13 (1992) 439-445
317. Sakurada S., Shido O., Sugimoto N., Hiratsuka Y., Yoda T., and Kanosue K. Autonomic and behavioural thermoregulation in starved rats. J. Physiol. 526 (2000) 417-424
318. Saligaut C., Moore N., Chretien P., Daoust M., and Boismare F. Survival time in hypoxic mice: differentiation between apomorphine-induced hypothermia and antihypoxic properties. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 8 (1986) 207-212
319. Sanborn A.F. Comparative thermoregulation of sympatric endothermic and ectothermic cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Tibicen winnemanna and Tibicen chloromerus). J. Comp. Physiol. A 186 (2000) 551-556
320. Satinoff E., and Rutstein J. Behavioral thermoregulation in rats with anterior hypothalamic lesions. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 71 (1970) 77-82
321. 2 activates fever-producing autonomic pathways. J. Neurosci. 16 (1996) 6246-6254
322. Scammell T.E., Elmquist J.K., and Saper C.B. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase produces hypothermia and depresses lipopolysaccharide fever. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (1996) R333-R338
323. Scammell T.E., Griffin J.D., Elmquist J.K., and Saper C.B. Microinjection of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor into the anteroventral preoptic region attenuates LPS fever. Am. J. Physiol. 43 (1998) R783-R789
324. Schall J.J. Virulence of lizard malaria: the evolutionary ecology of na ancient parasite-host association. Parasitology 100 (1990) S35-S52
325. Schiltz J.C., and Sawchecnko P.E. Signaling the brain in systemic inflammation: the role of perivascular cells. Front. Biosci. 8 (2003) 1321-1329
326. Schmidt I. Effect of central thermal stimulation on the thermoregulatory behavior of the pigeon. Pflügers Arch. 363 (1976) 271-272
327. Schmidt I. Paradoxical changes of respiratory rate elicited by altering rostral brain stem temperature in the pigeon. Pflügers Arch. 367 (1976) 111-113
328. Schmidt-Nielsen K. Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment. 5th ed. (1997), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
329. Schmidt I., and Simon E. Negative and positive feedback of central nervous system temperature in thermoregulation of pigeons. Am. J. Physiol. 243 (1982) R363-R372
330. Schmidt-Nielsen K., Crawford Jr. E.C., Newsome A.E., Rawson K.S., and Hammel H.T. Metabolic rate of camels: effect of body temperature and dehydration. Am. J. Physiol. 212 (1967) 341-346
331. Seebacher F. Heat transfer in a vascular network: the effect of heart rate on heating and cooling in reptiles (Pogona barbata and Varanus varius). J. Theor. Biol. 203 (2000) 97-109
332. Seebacher F., and Franklin C.E. Control of heart rate during thermoregulation in the heliothermic lizard Pogona barbata: importance of cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms. J. Exp. Biol. 204 (2001) 4361-4366
333. Seebacher F., and Franklin C.E. Prostaglandins are important in thermoregulation of a reptile (Pogona vitticeps). Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B 270 (2003) S50-S53 (Suppl.)
334. Seebacher F., and Franklin C.E. Integration of autonomic and local mechanisms in regulating cardiovascular responses to heating and cooling in a reptile (Crocodylus porosus). J. Comp. Physiol. B 174 (2004) 577-585
335. Seebacher F., and Grigg G.C. Changes in heart rate are important for thermoregulation in the varanid lizard Varanus varius. J. Comp. Physiol. B 171 (2001) 395-400
336. Seebacher F., Grigg G.C., and Beard L.A. Crocodiles as dinosaurs: behavioral thermoregulation in very large ectotherms leads to high and stable body temperatures. J. Exp. Biol. 202 (1999) 77-86
337. 2 in the preoptic area of guinea pigs. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (1996) R528-R536
338. Shibata M., and Blatteis C.M. Differential effects of cytokines on thermosensitive neurons in guinea pig preoptic area slices. Am. J. Physiol. 261 5Pt2 (1991) R1096-R1103
339. Shiraishi T., and Mager M. Hypothermia following injection of 2-deoxy-d-glucose into selected hypothalamic sites. Am. J. Physiol. 239 (1980) R265-R269
340. Shoemaker V.M., Baker M.A., and Loveridge J.P. Effect of water balance on thermoregulation in waterproof frogs (Chiromantis and Phyllomedusa). Physiol. Zool. 2 (1989) 133-146
341. Shoubridge E.A., and Hochachka P.W. The integration and control of metabolism in the anoxic goldfish. Mol. Physiol. 4 (1991) 165-195
342. Shumann R.R., Leong S.R., Flaggs G.W., Gray P.W., Wright S.D., Mathison J.C., Tobias P.S., and Ulevitch R.J. Structure and function of lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Science 264 (1990) 1429-1431
343. Silva J.E. Full expression of uncoupling protein gene requires the concurrence of norepinephrine and triiodothyronine. Mol. Endocrinol. 2 (1988) 706-713
344. Silva J.E. Thyroid hormone control of thermogenesis and energy balance. Thyroid 5 (1995) 481-492
345. Silva J.E., and Rabelo R. Regulation of the uncoupling protein gene expression. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 136 (1997) 251-264
346. Simon E., Simon-Oppermann C., Hammel H.T., Kaul R., and Maggert J. Effects of altering rostral brainstem temperature on temperature regulation in the Adelie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae. Pflügers Arch. 362 (1976) 7-13
347. Simon E., Hammel H.T., and Oksche A. The thermosensitivity of single units in the hypothalamus of the conscious Pekin duck. J. Neurobiol. 8 (1977) 523-535
348. Simon-Oppermann C., Simon E., Jessen C., and Hammel H.T. Hypothalamic thermosensitivity in conscious Pekin ducks. Am. J. Physiol. 235 (1978) R130-R140
349. Smith E.N. Cutaneous heat flow during heating and cooling in Alligator mississippiensis. Am. J. Physiol. 230 (1976) 1205-1210
350. Smith E.N., Robertson S., and Davies D.G. Cutaneous blood flow during heating and cooling in the American alligator. Am. J. Physiol. 235 (1978) R160-R167
351. Snapp B.D., Heller H.C., and Gospe Jr. S.M. Hypothalamic thermosensitivity in California quail (Lophortyx californicus). J. Comp. Physiol. 117B (1977) 345-357
352. Spencer R.L., Hruby V.J., and Burks T.F. Body temperature response profiles for selective mu, delta and kappa opioid agonists in restrained and unrestrained rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 246 (1988) 92-101
353. Spencer R.L., Hruby V.J., and Burks T.F. Alteration of thermoregulatory set point with opioid agonists. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 252 2 (1990) 696-705
354. Spray D.C. Characteristics, specificity, and efferent control of frog cutaneous cold receptors. J. Physiol. 237 (1974) 15-38
355. Spray D.C. Metabolic dependence of frog cold receptor sensitivity. Brain Res. 72 (1974) 354-359
356. Steiner A.A., and Branco L.G.S. Nitric oxide in the regulation of body temperature and fever. J. Therm. Biol. 26 (2001) 325-330
357. Steiner A.A., and Branco L.G.S. Hypoxia-induced anapyrexia: implications and putative mediators. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 64 (2002) 263-288
358. Steiner A.A., and Branco L.G.S. Fever and anapyrexia in systemic inflammation: intracellular signaling by cyclic nucleotides. Front. Biosci. 8 (2003) 1398-1408
359. Steiner A.A., Colombari E., and Branco L.G.S. Carbon monoxide as a novel mediator of the febrile response in the central nervous system. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (1999) R499-R507
360. Steiner A.A., Antunes-Rodrigues J., and Branco L.G.S. Antipyretic role of the NO/cGMP pathway in the anteroventral preoptic region of the rat brain. Am. J. Physiol. 282 (2002) R584-R593
361. Steiner A.A., Rocha M.J.A., and Branco L.G.S. A neurochemical mechanism for hypoxia-induced anapyrexia. Am. J. Physiol., Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 283 (2002) R1412-R1422
362. Stier T.J.B., and Bock Jr. H.C. Seasonal changes of heart rate-temperature relationships in toads. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 123 (1966) 149-151
363. Stupfel, M., 1987. Carbon dioxide and temperature regulation of homeothermic mammals. In: Carbon Monoxide and Metabolic Regulations. Spring Verlag, New Yorj, G. Nahas, K.E. Schaefer, 163-186, 1974.
364. Tamaki Y., and Nakayama T. Effects of air constituents on thermosensitivities of preoptic neurons: hypoxia versus hypercapnia. Pflügers Arch. 409 (1987) 1-6
365. Tanaka M., Tonouchi M., Hosono T., Nagashima K., Yanase-Fujiwara M., and Kanosue K. Hypothalamic region facilitating shivering in rats. Jpn. J. Physiol. 51 (2001) 625-629
366. Tanaka M., Nagashima K., McAllen R.M., and Kanosue K. Role of the medullary raphe in thermoregulatory vasomotor control in rats. J. Physiol. 540 2 (2002) 657-664
367. Taouis M., De Basilio V., Mignon-Grasteau S., Crochet S., Bouchot C., Bigot K., Collin A., and Picard M. Early-age thermal conditioning reduces uncoupling protein messenger RNA expression in pectoral muscle of broiler chicks at seven days of age. Poult. Sci. 81 (2002) 1640-1643
368. Tatro J.B. Endogenous antipyretics. Clin. Infect. Dis. 31 Suppl. 5 (2000) S190-S201
369. Tattersall G.J., and Boutilier R.G. Balancing hypoxia and hypothermia in cold-submerged frogs. J. Exp. Biol. 200 (1997) 1031-1038
370. Tattersall G.J., and Milsom W.K. Transient peripheral warming accompanies the hypoxic metabolic response in the golden-mantled ground squirrel. J. Exp. Biol. 206 (2003) 33-42
371. Tattersall G.J., Blank J.L., and Wood S.C. Ventilatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia in the smallest simian primate, the pygmy marmoset. J. Appl. Physiol. 92 (2002) 202-210
372. Tattersall G.J., Milson W.K., Abe A.S., Brito S.P., and Andrade D.V. The thermogenesis of digestion in rattlesnakes. J. Exp. Biol. 207 (2004) 579-585
373. Tosini F., and Menaker M. Circadian rhythm of body temperature in an ectotherm (Iguana iguana). J. Biol. Rhythms 10 (1995) 248-255
374. Tripp J.B., and Lustik S. The effects of heating and cooling in water on the heart rate of the bullfrog. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 48 (1974) 547-554
375. Tsai S.M., Lin M.T., Wang J.J., and Huang W.T. Pyrogens enhance beta-endorphin release in hypothalamus and trigger fever that can be attenuated by buprenorphine. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 93 (2003) 155-162
376. Tzschentke B., and Basta D. Early development of neuronal hypothalamic thermosensitivity in birds: influence of epigenetic temperature adaptation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 131 (2002) 825-832
377. Ultsch G.R. In vivo permeability coefficient to oxygen of the skin of Siren intermedia. Am. J. Physiol. 226 (1974) 1219-1220
378. 3. Nature 395 (1998) 281-284
379. Vargas M., Jiménez D., Léon-Velarde F., Osorio J., and Mortola J.P. Circadian patterns in men acclimatized to intermittent hypoxia. Respir. Physiol. 126 (2001) 233-243
380. Vaughn L.K., Bernheim H.A., and Kluger M.J. Fever in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Nature ( Lond. ) 252 (1974) 474-475
381. Vianna C.R., Hagen T., Zhabng C.-Yu., Bachman E., Boss O., Gereben B., Moriscot A.S., Lowell B.B., Bicudo J.E.P.W., and Bianco A.C. Cloning and functional characterization of na uncoupling protein homologue in hummingbirds. Physiol. Genomics 5 (2001) 137-145
382. Von Euler C., Herrero F., and Wexler I. Control mechanisms determining rate and depth of respiratory movements. Respir. Physiol. 10 (1970) 93-108
383. Wagner E.L., Scholnick D.A., and Gleeson T.T. The roles of acidosis and lactate in the behavioral hypothermia of exhausted lizards. J. Exp. Biol. 202 (1999) 325-331
384. Weathers W.W., and White F.N. Physiological thermoregulation in turtles. Am. J. Physiol. 221 (1971) 704-710
385. Weinheimer C.J., Pendergast D.R., Spotila J.R., Wilson D.R., and Standora E.A. Peripheral circulation in Alligator mississippiensis, effect of diving, fear, movement, investigator activities, and temperature. J. Comp. Physiol. 148 (1982) 57-63
386. Williams D.D., and Rausch R.L. Seasonal carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in the dens of hibernating mammals (Sciurudae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 44 (1973) 1227-1235
387. Willis Y.L., Moyle D.L., and Baskett T.S. Emergence, breeding, hibernation, movements and transformation of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in Missouri. Copeia (1956) 30-41
388. Wissing J., and Zebe E. The anaerobic metabolism of the bitterling Rhodeus amarus (Cyprinidae, Teleostei). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 89 (1988) 299-303
389. Wood S.C. Interactions between hypoxia and hypothermia. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 53 (1991) 71-85
390. Wood S.C. Oxygen as a modulator of body temperature. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 28 (1995) 1249-1256
391. Wood S.C., and Malvin G.M. Physiological significance of behavioral hypothermia in hypoxic toads (Bufo marinus). J. Exp. Biol. 159 (1991) 203-215
392. Wright S.D., Ramos R.A., Tobias P.S., Ulevitch R.J., and Mathison J.C. CD14, a receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein. Science 249 (1990) 1431-1433
393. Wygoda M. Adaptive control of water loss resistance in an arboreal frog. Herpetologica 44 (1988) 251-257
394. Xin L., and Blatteis C.M. Hypothalamic neuronal responses to interleukin-6 in tissue slices: effects of indomethacin and naloxone. Brain Res. Bull. 29 (1992) 27-35
395. Yoshida K., Maruyama M., Hosono T., Nagashima K., Fukuda Y., Gerstberger R., and Kanosue K. Fos expression induced by warming the preoptic area in rats. Brain Res. 933 2 (2002) 109-117
396. Yoshida K., Konishi M., Nagashima K., Saper C.B., and Kanosue K. Fos activation in hypothalamic neurons during cold or warm exposure: projections to periaqueductal gray matter. Neuroscience 133 4 (2005) 1039-1046
397. Zampronio A.R., Souza G.E.P., Silva C.A.A., Cunha F.Q., and Ferreira S.H. Interleukin-8 induces fever by a prostaglandin-independent mechanism. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (1994) R1671-R1674
398. Zampronio A.R., Silva C.A.A., Cunha F.Q., Ferreira S.H., Pelá I.R., and Souza G.E.P. Indomethacin blocks the febrile response induced by interleukin-8 in rabbits. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (1995) R1469-R1474
399. Zawada W.M., Clarke J., and Ruwe W.D. Naloxone differentially alters fevers induced by cytokines. Neurochem. Int. 30 (1997) 441-448
400. Zeisberger E. Cold adaptation. In: Blatteis C. (Ed). Physiology and Pathophysiology of Temperature Regulation (1998), World Scientific, Singapore 207-227
401. Zurovsky Y., Brain T., Laburn H., and Mitchell D. Pyrogens fail to produce fever in snakes Psammophis phillipsii and Lamprophis fuliginosus. Comp. Bichem. Physiol. A 87 (1987) 911-914
402. Zurovsky Y., Mitchell D., and Laburn H. Pyrogens fail to produce fever in the leopard tortoise Geochelone pardalis. Comp. Bichem. Physiol. A 87 (1987) 467-469
403. Zweifler R.M., Sessler D.I., Walter K., and Zivin J.A. Thermoregulatory vasoconstriction and shivering impede therapeutic hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke victims. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 6 (1997) 100-104