Caffeine as a flavor additive in soft-drinks

Appetite

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 255-259

  Keast, Russell S J ^a   Riddell, Lynnette J ^a  

^a DEAKIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Caffeine; Flavor; Obesity; Psychophysics; Soft drink; Threshold

Indexed keywords

ASPARTAME; CAFFEINE; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; SODIUM CARBONATE; SUCRALOSE; SWEETENING AGENT;

ADULT; APPETITE; ARTICLE; BEVERAGE; COLA; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FLAVOR; FORCED CHOICE METHOD; HUMAN; NORMAL HUMAN; PHYSIOLOGY; TASTE ACUITY; TASTE DISCRIMINATION;

ADULT; APPETITE; ASPARTAME; CAFFEINE; CARBONATED BEVERAGES; DIETARY SUCROSE; FEMALE; FLAVORING AGENTS; HUMANS; MALE; SUCROSE; SWEETENING AGENTS; TASTE;

EID: 34248571283     PISSN: 01956663     EISSN: 10958304     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2006.11.003     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Bartoshuk L. Comparing sensory experience across individuals: Recent psychophysical advances illuminate genetic variation in taste perception. Chemical Senses 25 (2000) 447-460
2. 2 to traditional taste solutions alters taste quality. Chemical Senses 23 4 (1998) 397-402
3. Drewnowski A., and Darmon N. The economics of obesity: Dietary energy density and energy cost. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 82 1 (2005) 265S-273S
4. Ebbeling C., Feldman H., Osganian S., Chomitz V., Ellenbogen S., and Ludwig D. Effects of decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on body weight in adolescents: A randomized, controlled pilot study. Pediatrics 117 3 (2006) 673-680
5. Fried E., and Nestle M. The growing political movement against soft drinks in schools. Journal of the American Medical Association 288 17 (2002) 2181
6. Garrett B.E., and Griffiths R.R. Physical dependence increases the relative reinforcing effects of caffeine versus placebo. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 139 3 (1998) 195-202
7. Green B.G., Shaffer G.S., and Gilmore M.M. Derivation and evaluation of a semantic scale of oral sensation magnitude with apparent ratio properties. Chemical Senses 18 (1993) 683-702
8. Griffiths R., and Vernotica E. Is caffeine a flavoring agent in cola soft drinks. Archives of Family Medicine 9 (2000) 727-734
9. Heishman S., and Henningfield J. Stimulus functions of caffeine in humans: Relation to dependence potential. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 16 3 (1992) 273-287
10. Hughes J., Oliveto A., Bickel W., and Higgins S. Indication of caffeine dependence in a population based study. In: Harris L. (Ed). Problems of drug dependence (1993), US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
11. Juliano L.M., and Griffiths R.R. A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: Empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 176 1 (2004) 1-29
12. Keast, R., & Roper, J. (2006). A complex relationship among chemical concentration, detection threshold, and suprathreshold intensity of bitter compounds. Chemical Senses, in press.
13. Keast R.S.J., and Breslin P.A.S. Cross adaptation and bitterness inhibition of L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine and urea: Further support for shared peripheral physiology. Chemical Senses 27 2 (2002) 123-131
14. Keast R.S.J., and Breslin P.A.S. An overview of binary taste-taste interactions. Food Quality and Preference 14 2 (2003) 111-124
15. Keast R.S.J., and Lau J. Culture-specific variation in the flavor profile of soymilks. Journal of Food Science 71 8 (2006) 567-572
16. Ludwig D., Peterson K., and Gortmaker S. Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis. Lancet 357 (2001) 505-508
17. Meilgaard M., Civille G.V., and Carr B.T. Sensory evaluation techniques (1991), CRC Press, Boca Raton
18. Mennella J.A., and Beauchamp G.K. Understanding the origin of flavor preferences. Chemical Senses 30 Suppl. 1 (2005) i242-i243
19. Myers K.P., and Sclafani A. Development of learned flavor preferences. Developmental Psychobiology 48 5 (2006) 380-388
20. Nehlig A. Are we dependent upon coffee and caffeine? A review on human and animal data. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 23 4 (1999) 563-576
21. Oberstar J.V., Bernstein G.A., and Thuras P.D. Caffeine use and dependence in adolescents: One-year follow-up. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 12 2 (2002) 127-135
22. PepsiCo, I. (1981). The physical or technical effect of caffeine in cola beverages (No. FDA Docket No. 80N-0418).
23. Richardson N., Rogers P., Elliman N., and O'Dell R. Mood and performance effects of caffeine in relation to acute and chronic caffeine deprivation. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behaviour 52 2 (1995) 313-320
24. Scholey A., and Kennedy D. Cognitive and psychological effects of an "energy drink": An evaluation of the whole drink of glucose, caffeine and herbal flavouring fractions. Psychopharmacology 176 (2004) 320-330
25. Schuh K.J., and Griffiths R.R. Caffeine reinforcement: The role of withdrawal. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 130 4 (1997) 320-326
26. Silverman K., Evans S., Strain E., and Griffiths R. Withdrawal syndrome after the double-blind cessation of caffeine consumption. New England Journal of Medicine 327 16 (1992) 1109-1114
27. Strain E., Mumford G., Silverman K., and Griffiths R. Caffeine dependence syndrome. Evidence from case histories and experimental evaluations. Journal of the American Medical Association, 272 13 (1994) 1043-1048
28. Striegel-Moore R., Thompson D., Affenito S., Franko D., Obarzanek E., Barton B., et al. Correlates of beverage intake in adolescent girls: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. The Journal of Pediatrics 148 2 (2006) 183-187
29. Yeomans M., Jackson A., Lee M., Steer B., Tinley E., Durlach P., et al. Acquisition and extinction of flavour preferences conditioned by caffeine in humans. Appetite 35 2 (2000) 131-141