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21244501222
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A portion of this article was previously reported as a preliminary communication: H. Kakei, R. Tsuji, T. Ohshima, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 8962.
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A portion of this article was previously reported as a preliminary communication: H. Kakei, R. Tsuji, T. Ohshima, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 8962.
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41
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For recent reviews of bifunctional asymmetric catalysis, see: a
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For recent reviews of bifunctional asymmetric catalysis, see: a) M. Shibasaki, N. Yoshikawa, Chem. Rev. 2002, 1702, 2187;
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34250845328
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For mechanistic studies of epoxidation catalyzed by RE-binol complexes, see reference [5b].
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For mechanistic studies of epoxidation catalyzed by RE-binol complexes, see reference [5b].
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47
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0242713084
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8-binol, see: T. T.-L. Au-Yeung; S.-S. Chan, A. S. C. Chan, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2003, 345, 537.
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8-binol, see: T. T.-L. Au-Yeung; S.-S. Chan, A. S. C. Chan, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2003, 345, 537.
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48
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0008757162
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For synthesis of 6,6′-disubstituted 2,2′-biphenyldiols, see: a
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For synthesis of 6,6′-disubstituted 2,2′-biphenyldiols, see: a) T. Harada, T. M. T. Tuyet, A. Oku, Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 1319;
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0030249293
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For properties of 6,6′-disubstituted 2,2′-biphenyldiols, see: a
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For properties of 6,6′-disubstituted 2,2′-biphenyldiols, see: a) T. Harada, M. Takeuchi, M. Hatsuda, H. Ueda, A. Oku, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2479;
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0034654056
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For related examples of heteroatom linker effects on chiral binaphthol ligands, see: a
-
For related examples of heteroatom linker effects on chiral binaphthol ligands, see: a) S. Matsunaga, J. Das, J. Roels, E. M. Vogl, N. Yamamoto, T. Iida, K. Yamaguchi, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2252;
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b) N. Kumagai, S. Matsunaga, T. Kinoshita, S. Harada, S. Okada, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, M. Shibasaki. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 2169;
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K. Majima, R. Takita, A. Okada, T. Ohshima, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 15837, and references therein; see also the review:
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c) K. Majima, R. Takita, A. Okada, T. Ohshima, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 15837, and references therein; see also the review:
-
-
-
-
60
-
-
34250800042
-
-
Previous mechanistic studies suggested that the concentration of the catalyst is important to maximize the formation of the active species in equilibrium; see reference [5b, Similar effects were observed in asymmetric epoxidations in which a samarium complex was used; see reference [10
-
Previous mechanistic studies suggested that the concentration of the catalyst is important to maximize the formation of the active species in equilibrium; see reference [5b]. Similar effects were observed in asymmetric epoxidations in which a samarium complex was used; see reference [10].
-
-
-
-
61
-
-
0033533478
-
-
+) observed by use of tandem mass spectrometry (M=rare-earth metal, hmpa = hexamethylphosphoramide); see: a) H. Tsuruta, K. Yamaguchi, T. Imamoto, Chem. Commun. 1999, 1703;
-
+) observed by use of tandem mass spectrometry (M=rare-earth metal, hmpa = hexamethylphosphoramide); see: a) H. Tsuruta, K. Yamaguchi, T. Imamoto, Chem. Commun. 1999, 1703;
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62
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0348050014
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b) H. Tsuruta, K. Yamaguchi, T. Imamoto, Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 10419.
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Tsuruta, H.1
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63
-
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33646069329
-
-
3 of the same quality is also available from Aldrich. See also: M. Shibasaki, M. Kanai, S. Matsunaga, Aldrichimica Acta 2006, 39, 31.
-
3 of the same quality is also available from Aldrich. See also: M. Shibasaki, M. Kanai, S. Matsunaga, Aldrichimica Acta 2006, 39, 31.
-
-
-
-
64
-
-
34250831867
-
-
Among the molecular sieves, the use of 4-Å molecular sieves gave the best results in terms of enantioselectivity and yield of epoxides. For example, the epoxidation of 2b with 2 mol% Y(OiPr)3, S)-1a, and Ph3As(O) gave 3b in 89% yield (36 h, 99% ee with 4-Å molecular sieves (Table 5, entry 1, whereas 3b was obtained in 62% yield (48 h) and 96% ee with 3 -Å molecular sieves, 81% yield (48 h) and 98% ee with 5-Å molecular sieves, 28% yield (48 h) and 93% ee with MS 13X, and 7% yield (48 h) and 94% ee without molecular sieves. A similar trend was observed with the Y(OiPr)3, S)-1b, and Ph3P(O) system. The reaction of 2r gave 3r in 87% yield (24 h) and 97% ee with 4-Å molecular sieves (Table 8, entry 1, 10 mol% catalyst, 52% yield (30 h) and 90% ee with 3-Å molecular sieves, 76% yield (30 h) and 93% ee with 5-Å molecular sieves, 8% yield (30 h) and 97% ee with MS 13X, and 14% yield (30 h) and 85% ee wi
-
3P(O) system. The reaction of 2r gave 3r in 87% yield (24 h) and 97% ee with 4-Å molecular sieves (Table 8, entry 1, 10 mol% catalyst), 52% yield (30 h) and 90% ee with 3-Å molecular sieves, 76% yield (30 h) and 93% ee with 5-Å molecular sieves, 8% yield (30 h) and 97% ee with MS 13X, and 14% yield (30 h) and 85% ee without molecular sieves.
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
34250794806
-
-
3P(O) is required. For a discussion, see references [5b,c].
-
3P(O) is required. For a discussion, see references [5b,c].
-
-
-
-
66
-
-
0035797363
-
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For stereoselective synthesis of, -ragaglitazar, see: a
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For stereoselective synthesis of (-)-ragaglitazar, see: a) B. B. Lohray, V. B. Lohray, A. C. Bajji, S. Kalchar, R. R. Poondra, S. Padakanti, R. Chakrabarti, R. K. Vikramadithyan, P. Misra, S. Juluri, N. V. S. R. Mamidi, R. Rajagopalan, J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 2675;
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b) H. Deussen, M. Zundel, M. Valdois, S. V. Lehmann, V. Weil, C. M. Hjort, P. R. Østergaard, E. Marcussen, S. Ebdrup, Org. Process Res. Dev. 2003, 7, 82;
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Deussen, H.1
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Østergaard, P.R.7
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68
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c) S. Edbrup, I. Pettersson, H. B. Rasmussen, H.-J. Deussen, A. F. Jensen, S. B. Mortensen, J. Fleckner, L. Pridal, L. Nygaard, P. Sauerberg, J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 1306;
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Edbrup, S.1
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Fleckner, J.7
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Nygaard, L.9
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For the biological characterization of ragaglitazar, see: a
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For the biological characterization of ragaglitazar, see: a) P. Sauerberg, I. Petterson, L. Jeppesen, P. S. Bury, J. P. Mogensen, K. Wasserman, C. L. Brand, J. Sturis, H. F. Wöldike, J. Fleckner, A.-S. T. Andersen, S. B. Mortensen, L. A. Svensson, H. B. Rasmussen, S. V. Lehmann, Z. Polivka, K. Sindelar, V. Panajotpva, L. Ynddal, E. M. Wullf, J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 789;
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(2002)
J. Med. Chem
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Sauerberg, P.1
Petterson, I.2
Jeppesen, L.3
Bury, P.S.4
Mogensen, J.P.5
Wasserman, K.6
Brand, C.L.7
Sturis, J.8
Wöldike, H.F.9
Fleckner, J.10
Andersen, A.-S.T.11
Mortensen, S.B.12
Svensson, L.A.13
Rasmussen, H.B.14
Lehmann, S.V.15
Polivka, Z.16
Sindelar, K.17
Panajotpva, V.18
Ynddal, L.19
Wullf, E.M.20
more..
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71
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0142135388
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b) B. K. Skrumsager, K. K. Nielsen, M. Muller, G. Pabst, P. G. Drake, B. Edsberg, J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2003, 43, 1244.
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J. Clin. Pharmacol
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, pp. 1244
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Skrumsager, B.K.1
Nielsen, K.K.2
Muller, M.3
Pabst, G.4
Drake, P.G.5
Edsberg, B.6
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72
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34250865353
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The enantiomeric excess was determined after epoxide-ring opening; see Supporting Information
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The enantiomeric excess was determined after epoxide-ring opening; see Supporting Information.
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