Umbilical cord blood research: Current and future perspectives

Cell Transplantation

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 151-158

  Newcomb, Jennifer D ^a   Sanberg, Paul R ^a   Klasko, Stephen K ^a   Willing, Alison E ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Mechanisms of action; Treatment options; Umbilical cord blood (UCB); Umbilical cord blood therapies

Indexed keywords

BLOOD BANK; CONFERENCE PAPER; CORD BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HLA SYSTEM; HUMAN; MONONUCLEAR CELL; MULTIPOTENT STEM CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD;

EID: 34247628034     PISSN: 09636897     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3727/000000007783464623     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (84)

1. Applebaum, F. R. The use of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cancer. CA Cancer J. Clin. 46:142-164; 1996.
2. Armitage, J. Bone marrow transplantation. N. Engl. J. Med. 330:827-838; 1994.
3. + cells in a closed system: a multicentric study. Vox. Sang. 90:183-190; 2006.
4. Barker, J. N.; Weisdorf, D. J.; DeFor, T. E.; Blazar, B. R.; McGlave, P. B.; Miller, J. S.; Verfaillie, C. M.; Wagner, J. E. Transplantation of two partially HLA-matched umbilical cord blood units to enhance engraftment in adults with hematologic malignancy. Blood 105:1343-1347; 2004.
5. Behzad-Behbahani, A.; Pouransari, R.; Tabei, S. Z.; Rahiminejad, M. S.; Robati, M.; Yaghobi, R.; Nourani, H.; Ramzi, M. M.; Farhadi-Andarabi, A.; Mojiri, A.; Rahsaz, M.; Banihashemi, M.; Zare, N. Risk of viral transmission via bone marrow progenitor cells versus umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 37:3211-3212; 2005.
6. Bertolini, F.; Lazzari, L.; Corsini, C.; Sirshia, G. Placental blood collection and banking for transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 15(Suppl. 2), abstract 56; 1995.
7. Bieback, K.; Kern, S.; Kluter, H.; Eichler, H. Critical parameters for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood. Stem Cells 22:625-634; 2004.
8. Broxmeyer, H. E. Biology of cord blood cells and future prospects for enhanced clinical benefit. Cytotherapy 7: 209-218; 2005.
9. Broxmeyer, H. E.; Douglas, G. W.; Hangoc, G.; Cooper, S.; Bard, J.; English, D.; Amy, M.; Thomas, L.; Boyse, E. A. Human umbilical cord blood as a potential source of transplantable stem/progenitor cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:3828-3832; 1989.
10. Broxmeyer, H.; Hangoc, G.; Cooper, S.; Ribeiro, R.; Graves, V.; Yoder, M.; Wagner, J.; Vadhan-Raj, S.; Benninger, L.; Rubenstein, P.; Broun, E. Growth characteristics and expansion of human umbilical cord blood and estimation of its potential for transplantation in adults. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:4109-4113; 1992.
11. Bużańska, L.; Machaj, E. K.; Zabłocka, B.; Podja, Z.; Domańska-Janik, K. Human cord blood-derived cells attain neuronal and glial features in vitro. J. Cell Sci. 115: 2131-2138; 2002.
12. - human umbilical cord blood cells reveal their potentiality to engraft adults. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8707-8711; 1993.
13. Chen, R.; Ende, N. The potential for the use of mononuclear cells from human umbilical cord blood in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in SOD1 mice. J. Med. 31:21-30; 2000.
14. Chen, J.; Sanberg, P. R.; Li, Y.; Wang, L.; Lu, M.; Willing, A. E.; Sanchez-Ramos, J.; Chopp, M. Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood reduces behavioral deficits after stroke in rats. Stroke 32:2682-2688; 2001.
15. Chen, N.; Hudson, J. E.; Walczak, P.; Misiuta, I.; Garbuzova-Davis, S.; Jiang, L.; Sanchez-Ramos, J.; Sanberg, P. R.; Zigova, T.; Willing, A. E. Human umbilical cord blood progenitors: The potential of these hematopoietic cells to become neural. Stem Cells 23:1560-1570; 2005.
16. Chen, N.; Kamath, S.; Newcomb, J.; Hudson, J.; Garbuzova-Davis, S.; Sanchez-Ramos, J.; Davis Sanberg, C.; Sanberg, P. R.; Zigova, T.; Willing, A. Trophic factor induction of human umbilical cord blood cells: A study in vitro and in vivo. J. Neural Eng.; in press.
17. Conrad, P.; Emerson, S. G. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic cells from umbilical cord blood for clinical transplantation. J. Leuk. Biol. 64:147-155; 1998.
18. D'Arena, G.; Musto, P.; Cascavilla, N.; Di Giorgio, G.; Fusili, S.; Zendoli, F.; Carotenuto, M. Flow cytometric characterization of human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes: immunophenotypic features. Haematologica 83: 197-203; 1998.
19. + cells induces marked and sustained changes in adhesion receptor and CXCR4 expressions. Stem Cells 21:61-70; 2003.
20. Ehring, B.; Biber, K.; Upton, T. M.; Plosky, D.; Pykett, M.; Rosenzweig, M. Expansion of HPCs from cord blood in a novel 3D matrix. Cytotherapy 5:490-499; 2003.
21. El-Badri, N. S.; Kazi, Z.; Sanberg, P. R. Stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Cell Transplant. 13:721-723; 2004.
22. Escolar, M. L.; Poe, M. D.; Provenzale, J. M.; Richards, K. C.; Allison, J.; Wood, S.; Wenger, D. A.; Pietryga, D.; Wall, D.; Champagne, M.; Morse, R.; Krivit, W.; Kurtzberg, J. Transplantation of umbilical-cord blood in babies with infantile Krabbe's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 352: 2069-2081; 2005.
23. Fujisaki, G.; Kami, M.; Kishi, Y. Cord-blood transplants from unrelated donor in Hurler's syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 351:506-507; 2004.
24. Garbuzova-Davis, S.; Gografe, S. J.; Davis Sanberg, C.; Willing, A. E.; Saporta, S.; Cameron, D. F.; Desjarlais, T.; Daily, J.; Kuzmin-Nichols, N.; Chamizo, W.; Klasko, S. K.; Sanberg, P. R. Maternal transplantation of human umbilical cord blood cells provides prenatal therapy in Sanfilippo type B mouse model. FASEB J. 20:485-487; 2006.
25. Garbuzova-Davis, S.; Willing, A. E.; Desjarlais, T.; Davis Sanberg, C.; Sanberg, P. R. Transplantation of human umbilical cord blood cells benefits an animal model of Sanfilippo syndrome type B. Stem Cell Dev. 14:384-394; 2005.
26. Garbuzova-Davis, S.; Willing, A. E.; Zigova, T.; Saporta, S.; Justen, E. B.; Lane, J. C.; Hudson, J. E.; Chen, N.; Davis, C. D.; Sanberg, P. R. Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood cells in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Distribution, migration and differentiation. J. Hematother. Stem Cell Res. 12:255-270; 2003.
27. Gluckman, F.; Rocha, V. History of the clinical use of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic cells. Cytotherapy 7: 219-227; 2005.
28. Goodwin, H. S.; Bicknese, A. R.; Chien, S. N.; Bogucki, B. D.; Quinn, C. O.; Wall, D. A. Multilineage differentiation activity by cells isolated from umbilical cord blood: Expression of bone, fat, and neural markers. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 7:581-588; 2001.
29. Harris, D.; Schumacher, M.; Locascio, J.; Besencon, F.; Olson, G.; DeLuca, D.; Shenker, L.; Bard, J.; Boyse, E. Phenotypic and functional immaturity of human umbilical cord blood T lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:10006-10010; 1992.
30. Henning, R. J.; Abu-Ali, H.; Balis, J. U.; Morgan, M. B.; Willing, A. E.; Sanberg, P. R. Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Cell Transplant. 13:729-739; 2004.
31. Hows, J.; Bradley, B.; Marsh, J.; Luft, T.; Coutinho, L.; Testa, N.; Dexter, T. Growth of human umbilical-cord blood in long term haematopoietic cultures. Lancet 340: 73-76; 1992.
32. Ishimura, M.; Ohga, S.; Nomura, A.; Toubo, T.; Morihana, E.; Saito, Y.; Nishio, H.; Ide, M.; Takada, H.; Hara, T. Successful umbilical cord blood transplantation for severe chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection after the double failure of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am. J. Hematol. 80:207-212; 2005.
33. Jaing, T. H.; Hung, I. J.; Yang, C. P.; Lin, T. Y.; Chow, R.; Hsieh, S. I. Successful unrelated cord blood transplantation in a child with beta-thalassemia major. J. Trap. Pediatr. 51:122-124; 2005.
34. Jaroscak, J.; Goltry, K.; Smith, A.; Waters-Pick, B.; Martin, P. L.; Driscoll, T. A.; Howery, R.; Chao, N.; Douville, J.; Burhop, S.; Fu, P.; Kurtzberg, J. Augmentation of umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation with expanded ex-vivo-expanded UCB cells: Results of a phase 1 trial using the AastromReplicell System. Blood 101:5061-5067; 2003.
35. Javazon, E. H.; Beggs, K. J.; Flake, A. W. Mesenchymal stem cells: paradoxes of passaging. Exp. Hematol. 32: 414-425; 2004.
36. Jurga, M.; Markiewicz, I.; Sarnowska, A.; Habich, A.; Kozlowska, H.; Lukomska, B.; Buzariska, L.; Domariska-Janik, K. Neurogenic potential of human umbilical cord blood: Neural-like stem cells depend on previous long-term culture conditions. J. Neurosci. Res. 83:627-637; 2006.
37. Kang, K.-S.; Kim, S. W.; Oh, Y. H.; Yu, J. W.; Kim, K.-Y.; Park, H. K.; Song, C.-H.; Han, H. A 37-year-old spinal cord-injured female patient, transplanted of multipotent stem cells from human UC blood, with improved sensory perception and mobility, both functionally and morphologically: A case study. Cytotherapy 7:368-373; 2005.
38. Kernan, N. A.; Bartsch, G.; Ash, R. C.; Beatty, P. G.; Champlin, R.; Filipovich, A.; Gajewski, J.; Hansen, J. A.; Henslee-Downey, J.; McCullough, J.; McGlave, P.; Perkins, H. A.; Phillips, G. L.; Sanders, J.; Stroncek, D.; Thomas, E. D.; Blume, K. G. Analysis of 462 transplantations from unrelated donors facilitated by the national marrow donor program. N. Engl. J. Med. 328:593-602; 1993.
39. Kögler, G.; Sensken, S.; Airey, J. A.; Trapp, T.; Muschen, M.; Feldhahn, N.; Liedtke, S.; Sorg, R. V.; Fischer, J.; Rosenbaum, C.; Greschat, S.; Knipper, A.; Bender, J.; Degistirici, Ö.; Gao, J.; Caplan, A. I.; Colletti, E. J.; Almeida-Porada, G.; Müller, H. W.; Zanjani, E.; Wernet, P. A new human somatic stem cell from placental cord blood with intrinsic pluripotent differentiation potential. J. Exp. Med. 200:123-135; 2004.
40. Kuh, S. U.; Cho, Y. E.; Yoon, D. H.; Kim, K. N.; Ha, Y. Functional recovery after human umbilical cord blood cells transplantation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor into the spinal cord injured rat. Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 147:985-992; 2005.
41. Laughlin, M. J.; Barker, J.; Bambach, B.; Koc, O. N.; Rizzieri, D. A.; Wagner, J. E.; Gerson, S. L.; Lazarus, H. M.; Cairo, M.; Stevens, C. E.; Rubinstein, P.; Kurtzberg, J. Hematopoietic engraftment and survival in adult recipients of umbilical cord blood from unrelated donors. N. Engl. J. Med. 344:1815-1822; 2001.
42. Leor, J.; Guetta, E.; Chouraqui, P.; Guetta, V.; Nagler, A. Human umbilical cord blood cells: A new alternative for myocardial repair? Cytotherapy 7:251-257; 2005.
43. Liu, Y.; Liu, T.; Fan, X.; Ma, X.; Cui, Z. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood in rotating wall vessel. J. Biotech. 124:592-601; 2006.
44. Lu, D.; Sanberg, P. R.; Mahmood, A.; Li, Y.; Wang, L.; Sanchez-Ramos, J.; Chopp, M. Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood reduces neurological deficit in the rat after traumatic brain injury. Cell Transplant. 11:275-281; 2002.
45. Majhail, N. S.; Weisdorf, D. J.; Wagner, J. E.; Defor, T. E.; Brunstein, C. G.; Burns, L. J. Comparable results of umbilical cord blood and HLA matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplant after reduced-intensity preparative regimen for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood 107:3804-3807; 2005.
46. Martin, P. L.; Carter, S. L.; Kernan, N. A.; Sahdev, I.; Wall, D.; Pietryga, D.; Wagner, J. E.; Kurtzberg, J. Results of the cord blood transplantation study (COBLT): Outcomes of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood transplantation in pediatric patients with lysosomal and peroxisomal storage diseases. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 12:184-194; 2006.
47. McNiece, I.; Harrington, J.; Turney, J.; Kellner, J.; Shpall, E. J. Ex vivo expansion of cord blood mononuclear cells on mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotherapy 6:311-317; 2004.
48. Nan, Z.; Grande, A.; Sanberg, C. D.; Sanberg, P. R.; Low, W. C. Infusion of human umbilical cord blood ameliorates neurologic deficits in rats with hemorrhagic brain injury. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1049:84-96; 2005.
49. Newcomb, J. D.; Ajmo, Jr., C. T.; Sanberg, C. D.; Sanberg, P. R.; Pennypacker, K. R.; Willing, A. E. Timing of cord blood treatment after experimental stroke determines therapeutic efficacy. Cell Transplant. 15:213-223; 2006.
50. +) cells in NOD/SCID mice. Exp. Hematol. 30:870-878; 2002.
51. Pranke, P.; Failace, R. R.; Allebrandt, W. F.; Steibel, G.; Schmidt, F.; Nardi, N. B. Hematologic and immunophenotypic characterization of human umbilical cord blood. Acta Haematol. 105:71-76; 2001.
52. Raetz, E.; Beatty, P. G.; Adams, R. H. Treatment of severe Evans syndrome with an allogenic cord blood transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant. 20:427-429; 1997.
53. Regidor, C.; Posada, M.; Monteagudo, D.; Garaulet, C.; Somolinos, N.; Fores, R.; Briz, M.; Fernandez, M. N. Umbilical cord blood banking for unrelated transplantation: Evaluation of cell separation and storage methods. Exp. Hematol. 27:380-385; 1999.
54. Robinson, S.; Niu, T.; de Lima, M.; Ng, J.; Yang, H.; McMannis, J.; Karandish, S.; Sadeghi, T.; Fu, P.; de Angel, M.; O'Connor, S.; Champlin, R.; Shpall, E. Ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood. Cytotherapy 7: 243-250; 2005.
55. Rocha, V.; Chastang, C.; Souillet, G.; Pasquini, R.; Plouvier, E.; Nagler, A.; Locatelli, F.; Saarinen, U.; Cornu, G.; Bernaudin, F.; Gluckman, E. Related cord blood transplants: The Eurocord experience from 78 transplants. Eurocord Transplant group. Bone Marrow Transplant. 21: S59-62; 1998.
56. Rocha, V.; Cornish, J.; Sievers, E. L.; Filipovich, A.; Locatelli, F.; Peters, C.; Remberger, M.; Michel, G.; Arcese, W.; Dallorso, S.; Tiedemann, K.; Busca, A.; Chan, K. W.; Kato, S.; Ortega, J.; Vowels, M.; Zander, A.; Souillet, G.; Oakill, A.; Woolfrey, A.; Pay, A. L.; Green, A.; Garnier, F.; Ionescu, I.; Wernet, P.; Sirchia, G.; Rubinstein, P.; Chevret, S.; Gluckman, E. Comparison of outcomes of unrelated bone marrow and umbilical cord blood transplants in children with acute leukemia. Blood 97:2962-2971; 2001.
57. Rocha, V.; Wagner, Jr., J. E.; Sobocinski, K. A.; Klein, J. P.; Zhang, M. J.; Horowitz, M. M.; Gluckman, E. Graft-versus-host disease in children who have received a cord-blood or bone marrow transplant from an HLA-identical sibling. Eurocord and International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry Working Committee on Alternative Donor and Stem Cell Sources. N. Engl. J. Med. 342:1846-1854; 2000.
58. Roncarolo, M. G.; Bigler, M.; Ciuti, E.; Martino, S.; Tovo, P.-A. Immune responses by cord blood cells. Blood Cells 20:573-586; 1994.
59. Sanchez-Ramos, J. R.; Song, S.; Kamath, S. G.; Zigova, T.; Willing, A.; Cardozo-Pelaez, F.; Stedeford, T.; Chopp, M.; Sanberg, P. R. Expression of neural markers in human umbilical cord blood. Exp. Neurol. 171:109-115; 2001.
60. Saporta, S.; Kim, J.-J.; Willing, A. E.; Fu, E. S.; Davis, C. D.; Sanberg, P. R. Human umbilical cord blood stem cells infusion in spinal cord injury: Engraftment and beneficial influence on behavior. J. Hematother. Stem Cell Res. 12:271-278; 2003.
61. Shaw, P. H.; Haut, P. R.; Olszewski, M.; Kletzel, M. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation using unrelated cord-blood versus matched sibling marrow in pediatric bone marrow failure syndrome: One center's experience. Pediatr. Transplant. 3:315-321; 1999.
62. Shpall, E. J.; Quinones, R.; Giller, R.; Zeng, C.; Baron, A. E.; Jones, R. B.; Bearman, S. I.; Nieto, Y.; Freed, B.; Madinger, N.; Hogan, C. J.; Slat-Vasquez, V.; Russell, P.; Blunk, B.; Schissel, D.; Hild, E.; Malcolm, J.; Ward, W.; McNiece, I. K. Transplantation of ex vivo expanded cord blood. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 8:368-376; 2002.
63. Stary, J.; Bartunkova, J.; Kobylka, P.; Vavra, V.; Hrusak, O.; Calda, P.; Kral, V.; Svorc, K. Successful HLA-identical sibling cord blood transplantation in a 6-year-old boy with leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome. Bone Marrow Transplant. 18:249-252; 1996.
64. Sutherland, D. R.; Keating, A. The CD34 antigen: Structure, biology, and potential clinical applications. J. Hematother. 1:115-129; 1992.
65. + cells in peripheral blood and cord blood by flow cytometry. Exp. Hematol. 22:1003-1010; 1994.
66. + cells after stroke enhances neurogenesis via angiogenesis in a mouse model. J. Clin. Invest. 114:330-338; 2004.
67. Tamaki, S.; Eckert, K.; He, D.; Sutton, R.; Doshe, M.; Jain, G.; Tushinski, R.; Reitsma, M.; Harris, B.; Tsukamoto, M.; Gage, F.; Weissman, I.; Uchida, N. Engraftment of sorted/expanded human central nervous system stem cells from fetal brain. J. Neurosci. Res. 69:976-986; 2002.
68. Traycoff, C. M.; Kosak, S. T.; Grigsby, S.; Srour, E. F. Evaluation of ex vivo expansion potential of cord blood and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells using cell tracking and limiting dilution analysis. Blood 85:2059-2068; 1995.
69. Tse, W.; Laughlin, M. J. Umbilical cord blood transplantation: A new alternative option. Hematology 377-383; 2005.
70. Uchida, N.; Buck, D. W.; He, D.; Reitsma, M. J.; Masek, M.; Phan, T. V.; Tsukamoto, A. S.; Gage, F. H.; Weissman, I. L. Direct isolation of human central nervous system stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:14720-14725; 2000.
71. + cell population from cord blood versus adult bone marrow. Exp. Hematol. 23:1289-1295; 1995.
72. Vendrame, M.; Cassady, J.; Newcomb, J.; Butler, T.; Pennypacker, K. R.; Zigova, T.; Davis Sanberg, C.; Sanberg, P. R.; Willing, A. E. Infusion of human umbilical cord blood cells in a rat model of stroke dose-dependency rescues behavioral deficits and reduces infarct volume. Stroke 35:2390-2395; 2004.
73. Vendrame, M.; Gemma, C.; de Mesquita, D.; Collier, L.; Bickford, P. C.; Davis Sanberg, C.; Sanberg, P. R.; Pennypacker, K. R.; Willing, A. E. Anti-inflammatory effects of human cord blood cells in a rat model of stroke. Stem Cell Dev. 14:595-604; 2005.
74. Vendrame, M.; Gemma, C.; Pennypacker, K. R.; Bickford, P. C.; Davis Sanberg, C.; Sanberg, P. R.; Willing, A. E. Cord blood rescues stroke-induced changes in splenocyte phenotype and function. Exp. Neurol. 199:191-200; 2006.
75. Vettenranta, K.; Saarinen, U. M. Cord blood stem cell transplantation for Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 19:507-508; 1997.
76. Wagner, J. E.; Broxmeyer, H. E.; Byrd, R. L.; Zehnbauer, B.; Schmeckpeper, B.; Shah, N.; Griffin, C.; Emanuel, P. D.; Zuckerman, K. S.; Cooper, S.; Carow, C.; Bias, W.; Santos, G. W. Transplantation of umbilical cord blood after myeloablative therapy: Analysis of engraftment. Blood 79:1874-1881; 1992.
77. Wexler, S. A.; Donaldson, C.; Denning-Kendall, P.; Rice, C.; Hows, J. M. Adult bone marrow is a rich source of human mesenchymal 'stem' cells but umbilical cord blood and mobilized adult blood are not. Br. J. Haematol. 121: 368-374; 2003.
78. Willing, A. E.; Lixian, J.; Milliken, M.; Poulos, S.; Zigova, T.; Song, S.; Hart, C. D.; Sanchez-Ramos, J.; Sanberg, P. R. Intravenous versus intrastriatal cord blood administration in a rodent model of stroke. J. Neurosci. Res. 73:296-307; 2003.
79. Willing, A. E.; Vendrame, M.; Mallery, J.; Cassady, C. J.; Davis, C. D.; Sanchez-Ramos, J.; Sanberg, P. R. Mobilized peripheral blood cells administered intravenously produce functional recovery in stroke. Cell Transplant. 12: 449-454; 2003.
80. Xiao, J.; Nan, Z.; Motooka, Y.; Low, W. C. Transplantation of a novel cell line population of umbilical cord blood stem cells ameliorates neurological deficits associated with ischemic brain injury. Stem Cell Dev. 14:722-733; 2005.
81. Yamaguchi, M.; Hirayama, F.; Murahashi, H.; Azuma, H.; Sato, N.; Miyazaki, H.; Fukazawa, K.; Sawada, K.; Koike, T.; Kuwabara, M.; Ikeda, H.; Ikebuchi, K. Ex vivo expansion of human UC blood primitive hematopoietic progenitors and transplantable stem cells using human primary BM stromal cells and human AB serum. Cytotherapy 4: 109-118; 2002.
82. Yang, S.-E.; Ha, C.-W.; Jung, M. H.; Jin, H.-J.; Lee, M. K.; Song, H. S.; Choi, S. J.; Oh, W.; Yang, Y.-S. Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells developed in cultures from UC blood. Cytotherapy 6:476-486; 2004.
83. + cells. Stem Cell Dev. 15:70-78; 2006.
84. Zigova, T.; Song, S.; Willing, A. E.; Hudson, J. E.; Newman, M. B.; Saporta, S.; Sanchez-Ramos, J.; Sanberg, P. R. Human umbilical cord blood cells express neural antigens after transplantation into the developing rat brain. Cell Transplant. 11:265-274; 2002.