Group threat and social control: Race, perceptions of minorities and the desire to punish

Social Forces

Volumn 85, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 1255-1280

  King, Ryan D ^a   Wheelock, Darren ^b  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247325424     PISSN: 00377732     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/sof.2007.0045     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Adams, Terry K. 1990. Census of Population and Housing, 1990 [United States]: Extract Data. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.
2. Allport, Gordon W. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley.
3. Baumer, Eric P., Steven F. Messner and Richard Rosenfeld. 2003. "Explaining Spatial Variation in Support for Capital Punishment: A Multilevel Analysis." American Journal of Sociology 108:844-75.
4. Beckett, Katherine, and Theodore Sasson. 2000. The Politics of Injustice: Crime and Punishment in America. Pine Forge.
5. Becektt, Katherine, and Bruce Western. 1999. "Governing Social Marginality: Welfare, Incarceration, and the Transformation of State Policy." Punishment and Society 3:43-59.
6. Behrens, Angela, Chris Uggen and Jeff Manza. 2003. "Ballot Manipulation and the 'Menace of Negro Domination:' Racial Threat and Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States, 1850-2002." American Journal of Sociology 109:559-605.
7. Blalock, Hubert M. 1967. Toward a Theory of Minority-Group Relations. Wiley & Sons.
8. Blumer, Herbert. 1958. "Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position." The Pacific Sociological Review 1:3-7.
9. Bobo, Lawrence, and Vincent L. Hutchings. 1996. "Perceptions of Racial Group Competition: Extending Blumer's Theory of Group Position to a Multiracial Social Context. "American Sociological Review 61:951-72.
10. Bobo, Lawrence, James R. Kluegel and Ryan A. Smith. 1997. "Laissez-Fair Racism: The Crystallization of a Kinder, Gentler, Anti-Black Ideology." Pp. 15-41. Racial Attitudes in the 1990s: Continuity and Change. Steven A. Tuch and Jack K. Martin, editors. Praeger.
11. Brustein, William. I. 2003. Roots of Hate: Anti-Semitism in Europe Before the Holocaust. Cambridge University Press.
12. Chiricos, Ted, Ranee McEntire and Marc Gertz. 2001. "Perceived Racial and Ethnic Composition of Neighborhood and Perceived Risk of Crime." Social Problems 48:322-40.
13. Chiricos, Ted, Michael Hogan and Marc Gertz. 1997. "Racial Composition of Neighborhood and Fear of Crime." Criminology 35:107-31.
14. Coleman, James S. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Harvard University Press.
15. Earl, Jennifer, Sarah A. Soule and John D. McCarthy. 2003. "Protest Under Fire? Explaining the Policing of Protest." American Sociological Review 68:581-606.
16. Eitle, David, Stewart J. D'Alessio and Lisa Stolzenberg. 2002. "Racial Threat and Social Control: A Test of the Political, Economic, and Threat of Black Crime Hypotheses." Social Forces 81:557-76.
17. Feeley, Malcolm, and Jonathan Simon. 1992. "The New Penology: Notes on the Emerging Strategy of Corrections and Its Implications." Criminology 30:449-74.
18. Fox, James A., Michael L. Radelet and Julie L. Bonsteel. 1991. "Death Penalty Opinion in the Post-Furman Years." New York University Review of Law and Social Change 28:499-528.
19. Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare. University of Chicago Press.
20. Giles, Michael W., and Melanie A. Buckner. 1993. "David Duke and Black Threat: An Old Hypothesis Revisited." Journal of Politics 55:702-13.
21. Giles, Michael W., and Arthur Evans. 1986. "The Power Approach to Intergroup Hostility." Journal of Conflict Resolution 30:469-86.
22. Grasmick, Harold G., E. Davenport, M.B. Chamblin and R.J. Bursik, Jr. 1992. "Protestant Fundamentalism and the Retributivist Doctrine of Punishment." Criminology 30:21-45.
23. Grasmick, Harold G., and Anne L. McGill. 1994. "Religion, Attribution Style, and Punitiveness toward Juvenile Offenders." Criminology 32:23-46.
24. Green, Donald P., Dara Z. Strolovitch and Janelle S. Wong. 1998. "Defended Neighborhoods, Integration, and Racially Motivated Crime." American Journal of Sociology 104:372-403.
25. Greenberg, David, and Valerie West. 2001. "State Prison Populations and their Growth, 1971-1991." Criminology 39:615-53.
26. Hovland, Carl I., and Robert R. Sears. 1940. "Minor Studies of Aggression: VI. Correlation of Lynchings with Economic Indices." Journal of Psychology 9:301-10.
27. Jackson, Pamela. 1989. Minority Group Threat, Crime, and Policing: Social Context and Social Control. Praeger.
28. Jackson, Pamela Irving, and Leo Carroll. 1987. "Race and the War on Crime: The Sociopolitical Determinants of Municipal Police Expenditures in 90 Non-southern U.S. Cities." American Sociological Review 46:290-305.
29. Jacobs, David, and Ronald Helms. 1999. "Collective Outbursts, Politics, and Punitive Resources: Toward a Political Sociology of Spending on Social Control." Social Forces 77:1497-1523.
30. _. 2001. "Toward a Political Sociology of Punishment: Politics and Changes in the Incarcerated Population." Social Science Research 30:171-94.
31. Jacobs, David, and Jason Carmichael. 2001. "The Politics of Punishment across Time and Space. A Pooled Time-series Analysis of Imprisonment Rates." Social Forces 80:61-91.
32. _. 2002. "Subordination and Violence against State Control Agents: Testing Political Explanations for Lethal Assaults against the Police." Social Forces 80:1223-51.
33. Jacobs, David, and Robert M. O'Brien. 1998. "The Determinants of Deadly Force: A Structural Analysis of Police Violence." American Journal of Sociology 103:837-62.
34. Keeter, Scott, Carolyn Miller, Andrew Kohut, Robert M. Groves and Stanley Presser. 2000. "Consequences of Reducing Nonresponse in a National Telephone Survey." The Public Opinion Quarterly 64:125-48.
35. Kennedy, Peter. 1998. A Guide to Econometrics, 4th Edition, MIT Press.
36. Kennedy, Randall. 1997. Race, Crime and the Law. Pantheon Books.
37. LeVine, Robert A., and Donald T. Campbell. 1972. Ethnocentrism: Theories of Conflict, Ethnic Attitudes, and Group Behavior. Wiley & Sons.
38. Liska, Allen E. 1992. Social Threat and Social Control. SUNY Press.
39. _. 1997. "Modeling the Relationships Between Macro Forms of Social Control." Annual Review of Sociology 23:39-61.
40. Liska, Allen E., Mitchell B. Chamlin and Mark D. Reed. 1985. "Testing the Economic Production and Conflict Models of Crime Control." Social Forces 64:119-38.
41. Mendelberg, Tali. 2001. The Race Card: Campaign Strategy, Implicit Messages, and the Norm of Equality. Princeton University Press.
42. Miller, Neal E. 1941. "The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis." Psychological Review 48:337-42.
43. Myers, Martha A. 1990. "Black Threat and Incarceration in Postbellum Georgia." Social Forces 29:373-93.
44. Olzak, Susan. 1992. The Dynamics of Ethnic Competition and Conflict. Stanford University Press.
45. Pager, Devah. 2003. "The Mark of a Criminal Record." American Journal of Sociology 108:937-75.
46. Peffley, Mark, Jon Hurwitz and Paul Sniderman. 1997. "Racial Stereotypes and Whites' Political Views of Blacks in the Context of Welfare and Crime." American Journal of Political Science 41:30-60.
47. Pettit, Becky, and Bruce Western. 2004. "Mass Imprisonment and the Life Course: Race and Class Inequality in U.S. Incarceration." American Sociological Review 69:151-69.
48. Quadagno, Jill. 1994. The Color of Welfare: How Racism Undermined the War on Poverty. Oxford University Press.
49. Quillian, Lincoln. 1996. "Group Threat and Regional Change in Attitudes toward African Americans." American Journal of Sociology 102:816-60.
50. _. 1995. "Prejudice as a Response to Perceived Group Threat: Population Composition and Anti-immigrant and Racial Prejudice in Europe." American Sociological Review 60:586-611.
51. Quillian, Lincoln, and Devah Pager. 2001. "Black Neighbors, Higher Crime? The Role of Racial Stereotypes in Evaluations of Neighborhood Crime." American Journal of Sociology 107:717-67.
52. Rankin, Joseph H. 1979. "Changing Attitudes Towards Capital Punishment." Social Forces 58:194-211.
53. Rogers, William H. 1993. "Regression Standard Errors in Clustered Samples." Stata Technical Bulletin 13:19-23.
54. Russell, Katheryn K. 1998. The Color of Crime: Racial Hoaxes, White Fear, Black Protectionism, Police Harassment and Other Macroaggressions. New York University Press.
55. Sampson, Robert J., and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 1999. "Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods." American Journal of Sociology 105:603-51.
56. Savelsberg, Joachim J. 1994. "Knowledge, Domination, and Criminal Punishment." American Journal of Sociology 99:911-43.
57. Smith, Christopher B. 1994. "Back and to the Future: The Intergroup Contact Hypothesis Revisited." Sociological Inquiry 64:438-55.
58. Sutton, John R. 2000. "Imprisonment and Social Classification in Five Common-Law Democracies, 1955-1985." American Journal of Sociology 106:350-86.
59. Taylor, Marylee C. 1998. "How White Attitudes vary with the Racial Composition of Local Populations: Numbers Count." American Sociological Review 63:512-35.
60. Tolnay, Stewart E., and E.M. Beck. 1995. A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930. University of Illinois Press.
61. Tolnay, Stuart E., Glenn Deane and E.M. Beck. 1996. "Vicarious Violence: Spatial Effects in Southern Lynching, 1890-1919." American Journal of Sociology 102:788-815.
62. Tonry, Michael. 1995. Malign Neglect: Race, Crime, and Punishment in America. University of Oxford Press.
63. Tyler, Tom R., and Robert J. Boeckmann. 1997. "Three Strikes and You Are Out, but Why? The Psychology of Public Support for Punishing Rule Breakers." Law and Society Review 31:237-65.
64. Uggen, Christopher, and Jeff Manza. 2002. "Democratic Contraction? Political Consequences of Felon Disenfranchisement in the United Slates." American Sociological Review 67:777-803.
65. Western, Bruce. 2002. "The Impact of Incarceration on Wage Mobility and Inequality." American Sociological Review 67:526-546.
66. Zimring, Franklin E., and Gordon Hawkins 1995. "The Growth of Imprisonment in California." British Journal of Criminology 34:83-96.