Oxidative stress in glaucoma: A burden of evidence

Journal of Glaucoma

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 334-343

  Maneesh Kumar, Domalapalli ^a   Agarwal, Neeraj ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Glaucoma; Oxidative stress; Retinal ganglion cells; Trabecular meshwork cells

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; CATALASE; FREE RADICAL; GLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; HYDROXYL RADICAL; NEUROTROPHIN; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SUPEROXIDE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; THIOREDOXIN;

APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CELL DEATH; GLAUCOMA; HUMAN; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA GANGLION CELL; TRABECULAR MESHWORK;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; GLAUCOMA; HUMANS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RETINAL GANGLION CELLS;

EID: 34247266702     PISSN: 10570829     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.ijg.0000243480.67532.1b     Document Type: Article

References (121)

1. Tomarev SI. Eyeing a new route along an old pathway. Nat Med. 2001;7:294-295.
2. Wang N, Chintala SK, Fini ME, et al. Activation of a tissue-specific stress response in the aqueous outflow pathway of the eye defines the glaucoma disease phenotype. Nat Med. 2001;7:304-309.
3. Goldberg I. How common is glaucoma worldwide? In: Weinreb RN, Kitazawa J, Krieglestein GK, eds. Glaucoma in the 21st Century. Landau. Germany: Mosby; 2000:2-8.
4. Quigley HA. The search for glaucoma genes-implications for pathogenesis and disease detection. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1063-1064.
5. Alward WLM, Fingert JH, Coote MA, et al. Clinical features associated with mutations in chromosome 1 open angle glaucoma gene (GLC1A). N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1022-1027.
6. Van Buskirk EM, Cioffi GA. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992;113:447-452.
7. Flammer J, Orgul S, Costa VP, et al. The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2002;21:359-393.
8. Quigley HA, Nickells RW, Kerrigan LA, et al. Retinal ganglion cell death in experimental glaucoma and after axotomy occurs by apoptosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:774-786.
9. Krakau CET. Intraocular pressure elevation: cause or effect in chronic glaucoma? Ophthalmologica. 1981;182:141-147.
10. Bonomi L, Marchini G, Marraffa M, et al. The relationship between intraocular pressure and glaucoma in a defined population: data from the Egna-Neumarkt glaucoma study. Ophtholmologica. 2001;215:34-38.
11. Findl O, Rainer G, Dallinger S, et al. Assessment of optic disk blood flow in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130:589-596.
12. Butt Z, O'Brien C, McKillop G, et al. Color Doppler imaging in untreated high and normal pressure open-angle glaucoma. IOVS. 1997;38:690-696.
13. Veach J. Functional dichotomy: glutathione and vitamin E in homeostasis relevant to primary open angle glaucoma. Br J Nutr. 2004;91:809-829.
14. Ferreira SM, Lerner SF, Brunzini R, et al. Oxidative stress markers in aqueous humor of glaucoma patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137:62-69.
15. Izzotti A, Sacca SC, Cartiglia C, et al. Oxidative deoxyriboneucleic acid damage in the eyes of glaucoma patients. Am J Med. 2003;114:638-646.
16. Levin LA, Clark JA, Johns LK. Effect of lipid peroxidation inhibition on retinal ganglion cell death. IOVS. 1996;37:2744-2749.
17. Neufeld AH. Nitric oxide: a potential mediator of retinal ganglion cell damage in glaucoma. Surv Ophthamol. 1999;43:129-135.
18. Mainster MA. Light and macular degeneration: a biophysical and clinical perspective. Eye. 1987;1:304-310.
19. Organisciak DT, Darrow RM, Barsalou L, et al. Light history and age-related changes in retinal light damage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:1107-1116.
20. Erden M, Bor NM. Changes of reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase after radiation of guinea pigs. Biochem Med. 1984;31:217-227.
21. Richer SP, Rose RC. Water soluble antioxidants in mammalian aqueous humor: interaction with UV and hydrogen peroxide. Vision Res. 1998;38:2881-2888.
22. Valencia E, Hardy G, Marin A. Glutathione: nurtritional and pharmacologic viewpoints: Part VI. Nutrition. 2002;18:291-292.
23. Estevez AG, Spear N, Manuel SM, et al. Nitric oxide and superoxide contribute to motor neuron apoptosis induced by trophic factor deprivation. J Neurosci. 1998;18:923-931.
24. Greenlund LJ, Deckwerth TL, Johnson EM. Superoxide dismutase delays neuronal apoptosis: a role for reactive oxygen species in programmed neuronal death. Neuron. 1995;14:303-315.
25. Flammer J. The vascular concept of glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 1994;38:S3-S6.
26. Quigley H. Neuronal death in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 1999;18:39-57.
27. Sacca SC, Pascotto A, Camicione P, et al. Oxidative DNA damage in human trabecular meshwork. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:458-463.
28. Pompella A, Visvikis A, Paolicchi A, et al. The changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003;66:1499-1503.
29. Matsubara LS, Machado PEA. Age-related changes of glutathione content, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity of human erythrocytes. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1991;24:449-454.
30. Lang CA, Naryshkin S, Schneider DL, et al. Low blood glutathione levels in healthy aging adults. J Lab Clin Med. 1992;120:720-725.
31. Erden-Inal M, Sunal E, Kanbak G. Age-related changes in glutathione redox system. Cell Biochem Funct. 2002;20:61-66.
32. Gherghel D, Griffiths HR, Hilton EJ, et al. Systemic reduction in Glutathione levels occurs in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. IOVS. 2005;46:877-883.
33. Wiederholt M, Sturm A, Lepple-Wienhues A. Relaxation of trabecular meshwork and ciliary muscle by release of nitric oxide. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:2515-2520.
34. Yildirim O, Ates NA, Ercan B, et al. Role of oxidative stress enzymes in open-angle glaucoma. Eye. 2005;19:580-583.
35. Moreno MC, Campanelli J, Sande P, et al. Retinal Oxidative stress induced by high intraocular pressure. Free Rad Biol and Med. 2004;37:803-812.
36. Benozzi J, Nahum LP, Campanelli JL, et al. Effect of hyaluronic acid on intraocular pressure in rats. IOVS. 2002;43:2196-2200.
37. Moreno MC, Croxatto JO, Campanelli J, et al. Retinal damage-after the chronic injection of hyaluronic acid in the rat anterior chamber. IOVS. 2002;43:E-abstract 2158.
38. Reiter RJ, Ortiz GG, Gaia Monti M, et al. Cellular and molecular actions of melatonin as an antioxidant. In: Maetroni GJM, Conti A, Reiter RJ, eds. Therapeutic potential of melatonin. Front Horm Res. Basel: Karger; 1997:81-88.
39. Barlow-Walden LR, Reiter RJ, Abe M, et al. Melatonin stimulates brain glutathione peroxidase activity. Neurochem Int. 1995;26:497-502.
40. Antolin I, Rodriguez C, Sainz RM, et al. Neurohormone melatonin prevents cell damage: effect on gene expression of antioxidative enzymes. FASEB J. 1996;10:882-890.
41. Tezel G, Yang X, Cai J. Proteomic identification of oxidatively modified retinal proteins in a chronic pressure-induced rat model of glaucoma. IOVS. 2005;46:3177-3187.
42. Arutyunova EI, Danshina PV, Domnina LV, et al. Oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enhances its binding to nucleic acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;307:547-552.
43. Tatton NA. Increased caspase 3 and Bax immunoreactivity accompany nuclear GAPDH translocation and neuronal apoptosis in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol. 2000;166:29-43.
44. Chuang DM, Ishitani R. A role for GAPDH in apoptosis and neurodegeneration. Nat Med. 1996;2:609-610.
45. Mazzola JL, Sirover MA. Reduction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in Alzheimer's disease and in Huntington's disease fibroblasts. J Neurochem. 2001;76:442-449.
46. Tatton WG, Chalmers-Redman R, Brown D, et al. Apoptosis in Parkinson's disease: signals for neuronal degradation. Ann Neurol. 2003;53(suppl 3):S61-S70; Discussion S70-S62.
47. Tezel G, Hernandez MR, Wax MB. Immunostaining of heat shock proteins in the retina and optic nerve head of normal and glaucomatous eyes. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:511-518.
48. Caprioli J, Kitano S, Morgan JE. Hyperthermia and hypoxia increase tolerance of retinal ganglion cells to anoxia and excitotoxicity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996;37:2376-2381.
49. Ishii Y, Kwong JM, Caprioli J. Retinal ganglion cell protection with geranylgeranylacetone, a heat shock protein inducer, in a rat glaucoma model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:1982-1992.
50. Newman E, Reichenbach A. The Muller cell: a functional element of the retina. Trends Neurosci. 1996;19:307-312.
51. Levine RL. Oxidative modification of glutamine synthetase. I. Inactivation is due to loss of one histidine residue. J Biol Chem. 1983;258:11823-11827.
52. Cummings DF, Kumar DM, Roney E, et al. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins of glaucomatous rat optic nerve head via proteomics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:E-Abstract 4655.
53. Farkas RH, Chowers I, Hackman AS, et al. Increased expression of iron-regulating genes in monkey and human glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:1410-1417.
54. Neufeld AH, Hernandez MR, Gonzalez M. Nitric oxide synthase in the human glaucomatous optic nerve head. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:497-503.
55. Liu B, Neufeld AH. Expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) in reactive astrocytes of the human glaucomatous optic nerve head. Glia. 2000;30:178-186.
56. Huie RE, Padmaja S. The reaction of NO with superoxide. Free Radic Res Commun. 1993;18:195-199.
57. Ischiropoulos H, Zhu L, Chen J, et al. Peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration catalyzed by superoxide dismutase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992;298:431-437.
58. Pang IH, Johnson EC, Jia L, et al. Evaluation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in glaucomatous optic neuropathy and pressure-induced optic nerve damage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:1313-1321.
59. Yücel YH, Zhang Q, Weinreb RN, et al. Effects of retinal ganglion cell loss on magno-, parvo-, koniocellular pathways in the lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2003;22:465-481.
60. Weber AJ, Chen H, Hubbard WC, et al. Experimental glaucoma and cell size, density, and number in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Invest Ophthamol Vis Sci. 2000;46:1370-1379.
61. Luthra A, Gupta N, Kaufman PL, et al. Oxidative injury by peroxynitrite in neural and vascular tissue of the lateral geniculate nucleus in experimental glaucoma. Exp Eye Res. 2005;80:43-49.
62. Dreyer EB, Surakowski D, Schumer RA, et al. Elevated glutamate levels in the vitreous body of humans and monkeys with glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:299-305.
63. Lam TT, Abler AS, Kwong JM, et al. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced apoptosis in rat retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:2391-2397.
64. Lucas DR, Newhouse JP. The toxic effects of sodium l-glutamate on the inner layers of the retina. Arch Ophthalmol. 1957;58:193-201.
65. Otori Y, Wei JY, Barnstable CJ. Neurotoxic effects of low doses of glutamate on purified rat retinal ganglion cells. IOVS. 1998;39:972-981.
66. Aoun P, Simpkins JW, Agarwal N. Role of PPAR-g lingands in neuroprotection against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in retinal ganglion cells. IOVS. 2003;44:2999-3004.
67. Pang IH, Wexler EM, Nawy S, et al. Protection by eliprodil against excitotoxicity in cultured rat retinal ganglion cells. IOVS. 1999;40:1170-1176.
68. Haefliger IO, Lietz A, Griesser SM. Modulation of Heidelberg Retinal Flowmeter parameter flow at the papilla of healthy subjects: effect of carbogen, oxygen, high intraocular pressure, and beta-blockers. Surv Ophthalmol. 1999;43:S56-S59.
69. Bonfoco E, Krainc D, Ankarcrona M, et al. Apoptosis and necrosis: two distinct events induced, respectively, by mild and intense insults with NMDA or NO/superoxide in cortical cell cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1995;92:7162-7166.
70. Murphy TH, Miyamoto M, Sastre A, et al. Glutamate toxicity in a neuronal cell line involves inhibition of cystine transport leading to oxidative stress. Neuron. 1989;2:1547-1548.
71. Schubert D, Piasecki D. Oxidative glutamate toxicity can be a component of the excitotoxicity cascade. J Neuroscience. 2001;21:7455-7462.
72. Atlante A, Calissano P, Bobba A, et al. Glutamate neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondria. FEBS Letters. 2001;497:1-5.
73. Bridges CC, et al. Structure, function, and regulation of human cystine/glutamate transporter in retinal pigment rpithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:47-54.
74. Carter-Dawson L, Crawford MLJ, Harwerth RS, et al. Vitreal flutamate concentration in monkeys with experimental glaucoma. IOVS. 2002;43:2633-2637.
75. Low HC, Gionfriddo JR, Madl JE. Assessment of glutamate loss from the ganglion cell layer of young DBA/2J mice with glaucoma. Am J Vet Res. 2006;67:302-309.
76. Nucci C, Tartaglione R, Rombola L. Neurochemical evidence to implicate elevated glutamate mechanisms of high intraocular presssssure (IOP)-induced retinal ganglion cell death in rat. Neurotoxicology. 2005;26:935-941.
77. Carter-Dawson L, Shen FF, Harwerth RS, et al. Glutathione content is altered in Muller cells of monkey eyes with experimental glaucoma. Neurosci Lett. 2004;364:7-10.
78. Krishnamoorthy RR, Agarwal P, Prasanna G, et al. Characterization of a transformed rat retinal ganglion cell line. Mol Brain Res. 2001;86:1-12.
79. Frassetto LJ, Schlieve CR, Lieven CJ, et al. Kinase-dependent differentiation of a retinal ganglion cell precursor. IOVS. 2006;47:427-438.
80. Charles I, Khalyfa A, Kumar DM, et al. Serum deprivation induces apoptotic cell death of transformed rat retinal ganglion cells via mitochondrial signaling pathways. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:1330-1338.
81. Kumar DM, Perez E, Cai ZY, et al. Role of non-feminizing estrogen analogues in neuroprotection of rat retinal ganglion cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Free Radical Biol Med. 2005;38:1152-1163.
82. Maher P, Hanneken A. Flavonoids protect retinal ganglion cells from oxidative stress-induced death. IOVS. 2005;46:4796-4803.
83. Maher P, Hanneken A. The molecular basis of oxidative stress-induced cecll death in an immortalized retinal ganglion cell line. IOVS. 2005;46:749-757.
84. Agar A, Li S, Agarwal N, et al. Retinal ganglion cell line apoptosis induced by hydrostatic pressure. Brain Res. 2006;1086:191-200.
85. Sappington RM, Chan M, Calkins DJ. Interleukin-6 protects retinal ganglion cells from pressure induced death. Invest Ophthamol Vis Sci. 2006;47:2932-2942.
86. Kim CI, Lee SH, Seong GJ, et al. Nuclear translocation and overexpression of GAPDH by the hyper-pressure in retinal ganglion cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006;341:1237-1243.
87. Kortuem K, Geiger LK, Levin LA. Differential susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells to reactive oxygen species. IOVS. 2000;41:3176-3182.
88. Lieven CJ, Vrabec JP, Levin LA. The effects of oxidative stress on mithochondrial transmembrane potential in retinal ganglion cells. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2003;5:641-646.
89. Nguyen SM, Alexejun CN, Levin LA. Amplification of a reactive oxygen species signal in axotomized retinal ganglion cells. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2003;5:629-634.
90. Lucius R, Sievers J. Postnatal retinal ganglion cell in vitro: protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced axonal degeneration by cocultured astrocytes. Brain Res. 1996;743:56-62.
91. Bunin Aia, Filina AA, Erichev VP. A glutathione deficiency in open-angle glaucoma and the approaches to its correction. Vestnik Oftalmologii. 1992;108:13-15.
92. Kurysheva NI, Vinetskaia MI, Erichev VP, et al. Contribution of free-radical reactions of chamber humor to the development of primary open-angle glaucoma. Vestnik Oftalmologii. 1996;112:3-5.
93. Liu KM, Swann D, Lee P, et al. Inhibition of oxidative degradation of hyaluronic acid by uric acid. Curr Eye Res. 1984;3:1049-1053.
94. Yan DB, Trope GE, Ethier CR, et al. Effects of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage on outflow facility and washout in pig eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991;32:2515-2520.
95. Bunin AIa, Babizhaev MA, Suprun AV. Participation of the lipid peroxidation process in the destruction of the drainage system of the eye in open-angle glaucoma. Vestnik Oftalmologii. 1985;101:13-26.
96. Babizhayev MA, Bunin AYA. Lipid peroxidation in open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmologica. 1989;67:371-377.
97. Russell P, Garland D, Epstein DL. Analysis of the proteins of calf and cow trabecular meshwork: development of a model system to study aging effects and glaucoma. Exp Eye Res. 1989;48:251-260.
98. Zhou L, Li Y, Yue BY. Oxidative stress affects cytoskeletal structure and cell matrix interactions in cells from an ocular tissue: trabecular meshwork. J Cell Physiol. 1999;180:182-189.
99. Polansky JR, Fauss DJ, Chen P, et al. Cellular pharmacology and molecular biology of the trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response gene product. Ophthalmologica. 1997;211:126-139.
100. Lutjen-Drecoll E. Functional morphology of the trabecular meshwork in primate eyes. Prog Retinal Eye Res. 1999;18:91-119.
101. Sandbach J, Coscun PE, Grossniklaus HE, et al. Ocular pathology in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2)-deficient mice. IOVS. 2001;42:2173-2178.
102. Castagne V, Clarke PGH. Neuroprotective effects of a new glutathione peroxidase mimetic on neurons of the chick embryo's retina. J Neurosience Res. 2000;59:497-503.
103. Castagne V, Lefevre K, Natero R, et al. An optimal redox status for the survival of axotomized ganglion cells in the developing retina. Neuroscience. 1999;93:313-320.
104. Anderson RE, Kretzer FI, Rapp LM. In: Armstrong D, ed. Free Radicals in Diagnostic Medicine. NY: Plenum Press; 1994:73-86.
105. Lam S, Tso MOM, Gurne DH. Amelioration of retinal photic injury in albino rats by dimethylthiourea. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:1751-1757.
106. Reme CE, Braschler UF, Roberts J, et al. Light damage in the rat retina: effect of a radioprotective agent (WR-77913) on acute rod outer segment disk disruptions. Photochem Photobiol. 1991;54:137-142.
107. De La Paz M, Anderson RE. Region and age-dependent variation in susceptibility of the human retina to lipid peroxidation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33:3497-3499.
108. Organisciak DT, Winkler BS. Retinal light damage: practical and theoretical considerations. Prog Retinal Eye Res. 1994;13:1-29.
109. Levin LA, Schlamp CL, Spieldoch RL, et al. Identification of the bcl-2 family of genes in the rat retina. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:2545-2553.
110. Guo L, Salt TE, Maass A, et al. Assessment of neuroprotective effects of glutamate modulation on glaucoma related retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:626-633.
111. Hartwick AT, Zhang X, Chauhan BC, et al. Functional assessment of glutamate clearance mechanisms in a chronic rat glaucoma model using retinal ganglion cell calcium imaging. J Neurochem. 2005;94:794-807.
112. Madl JE, McIlnay TR, Powell CC, et al. Depletion of taurine and glutamate from damaged photoreceptors in the retina of dogs with primary glaucoma. Am J Vet Res. 2005;66:791-799.
113. Wamsley S, Gabelt BT, Dahl DB, et al. Vitreous glutamate concentration and axon loss in monkeys with experimental glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:574.
114. Levkovitch-Verbin H, Martin KR, Quigley HA, et al. Measurement of amino acid levels in the vitreous humor of rats after chronic intraocular pressure elevation or optic nerve transection. 2002;11:396-405.
115. Dun Y, Mysona B, Van Ells T, et al. Expression of the cystine-glutamate exchanger (Xc-) in retinal ganglion cells and regulation by nitiric oxide and oxidative stress. Cell Tissue Res. 2006;1-14.
116. Levin LA. Intrinsic survival mechanisms for retinal ganglion cells. Eur J Ophthalmol. 1999;9(suppl 1):S12-S16.
117. Kortuem KR, Alexejun C, Levin LA. Reduced redox state allows prolonged survival of axotomized neonatal retinal ganglion cells. Neuroscience. 2002;109:635-642.
118. Geiger LK, Kortuem KR, Alexejun C, et al. Reduced redox state allows prolonged survival of axotomized neonatal retinal ganglion cells. Neuroscience. 2002;109:635-642.
119. Lucius R, Mentlein R, Sievers J. Riboflavin-mediated axonal degeneration of postnatal retinal ganglion cells in vitro is related to the formation of free radicals. Free Radic Biol Med. 1998;24:798-808.
120. Levkovitch-Verbin H, Harris-Cerruti C, Groner Y, et al. RGC death in mice after optic nerve crush injury: oxidative stress and neuroprotection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:4169-4174.
121. Swanson KI, Schlieve CR, Lieven CJ, et al. Neuroprotective effective of sulfhydryl reduction in a rat optic nerve crush model. IOVS. 2005;46:3737-3741.