A taxonomic catalogue of Japanese nemerteans (Phylum Nemertea)

Zoological Science

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 287-326

  Kajihara, Hiroshi ^a  

^a HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Checklist; Classification; Nemertinea; Pacific; Ribbon worm

Indexed keywords

WATER;

ANIMAL; CLASSIFICATION; INVERTEBRATE; JAPAN; PARASITOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; REVIEW; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

ANIMALS; INVERTEBRATES; JAPAN; PHYLOGENY; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; WATER;

AMPHIPORUS; AMPHIPORUS LACTIFLOREUS; CEPHALOTHRIX; CEPHALOTHRIX LINEARIS; CEREBRATULUS FUSCUS; DICELIS; DICHILUS; JAPONICA; LINEUS; LINEUS BILINEATUS; LINEUS VEGETUS; NEMERTEA; NIPPONNEMERTES; OERSTEDIA VENUSTA; PROSTOMA; PROSTOMA GRAECENSE;

EID: 34247181045     PISSN: 02890003     EISSN: 02890003     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2108/zsj.24.287     Document Type: Review

References (277)

1. Abildgaard PC (1806) Planaria dorsalis. In "Zoologia Danica Seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Rariorum ac Minus Notorum Descriptiones et Historia Vol 4" Ed by OF Müller, N Christensen, N Mölleri et Fillii, Havniae, p 25
2. Ali AE, Arakawa O, Noguchi T, Miyazawa K, Shida Y, Hashimoto K (1990) Tetrodotoxin and related substances in a ribbon worm Cephalothrix linearis (Nemertean). Toxicon 28: 1083-1093
3. Asakawa M, Toyoshima T, Shida Y, Noguchi T, Miyazawa K (2000) Paralytic toxins in a ribbon worm Cephalothrix species (Nemertean) adherent to cultured oysters in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Toxicon 38: 763-773
4. Asakawa M, Toyoshima T, Ito K, Bessho K, Yamaguchi C, Tsunetsugu S, Shida Y, Kajihara H, Mawatari SF, Noguchi T, Miyazawa K (2003) Paralytic toxicity in a ribbon worm Cephalothrix species (Nemertea) in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan and the isolation of tetrodotoxin as a main component of its toxins. Toxicon 41: 747-753
5. Bergendal D (1900) Über ein Paar sehr eigenthümliche nordische Nemertinen. Zool Anz 23: 313-328
6. Bergendal D (1902) Zur Kenntnis der nordischen Nemertinen. 2. Eine der construierten Urnemertine entsprechende Palaeonemerine aus dem Meere der schwedischen Westküste. Zool Anz 25: 421-432
7. Blainville HM de (1827) Vers. In "Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles Vol 57" Ed by FG Levrault, Normant, Paris, pp 270-271
8. Blake JA (1993) Phylum Nemertea. In "Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel Vol 1 Introduction, Benthic Ecology, Oceanology, Platyhelminthes, and Nemertea" Ed by JA Blake, A Lissner, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, California, pp 95-132
9. Boyer BC, Henry JQ (1998) Evolutionary modifications of the spiralian developmental program. Am Zool 38: 621-633
10. Brinkmann A (1917) Die pelagischen Nemertinen. Bergens Mus Skr 3:1-180
11. Britton JC (1990) The intertidal crevice fauna of Tolo Channel and Harbour, New Territories, Hong Kong. In "Proceedings of the Second International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong, 1986, Vol 2" Ed By B Morton, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp 803-835
12. Brunberg L (1964) On the nemertean fauna of Danish waters. Ophelia 1: 77-111
13. Bürger O (1890) Untersuchungen über die Anatomie und Histologie der Nemertinen nebst Beiträgen zur Systematik. Z Wiss Zool 50: 1-277
14. Bürger O (1892) Zur Systematik der Nemertinenfauna des Golfs von Neapel. Nachr Königl Gesseis Wiss Georg
15. Bürger O (1895) Nemertinen. F F Golf Neapel 22: 1-743
16. Bürger O (1904) Nemertini. Tierreich 20: 1-151
17. Bürger O (1897-1907) Nemertini (Schnurwürmer). In "Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild Vol 4 Supplement" Ed by HG Bronn, CF Winter'sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig, pp 1-542 [1897, pp 1-176; 1898, pp 177-240; 1899, pp 241-288; 1903, pp 289-384; 1905, pp 385-480; 1907, pp 481-542]
18. Chernyshev AV (1992) On the names of some nemertines. Zool Zh 71:134-136 [In Russian with English abstract]
19. Chernyshev AV (1993) A review of the genera of nemerteans allied to Oerstedia (Monostilifera, Tetrastemmatidae) with description of four new species. Zool Zh 72:11-20 [In Russian with English abstract]
20. Chernyshev AV (1995) On the higher taxa of the phylum Nemertea with the taxonomic review of the subclass Anopla. Zool Zh 74: 7-18
21. Chernyshev AV (1998) Nemerteans of the genus Tetrastemma (Enopla, Monostilifera) from the Far East seas of Russia. Zool Zh 77: 995-1002 [In Russian with English abstract]
22. Chernyshev AV (2003) Classification system of the higher taxa of enoplan nemerteans (Nemertea, Enopla). Russ J Mar Biol 29: 57-65
23. Chernyshev AV (2004a) Nemertini. In "Dalnevostochnyi Morskoi Biosfernyi Zadovednik Biota Vol 2" [Far Eastern Marine Biosphere Nature Reserve Biota] Ed by AN Tyurin, Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp 151-155
24. Chernyshev AV (2004b) Two new genera of nemertean worms of the family Tetrastemmatidae (Nemertea: Monostilifera). Zoosyst Russ 12: 151-156
25. Chernyshev AV (2004c) Problems of taxonomy of the "Lineus ruber" heteronemertean complex (Nemertea, Anopla). Zool Zh 88: 788-794 [In Russian with English abstract]
26. Chernyshev AV, Timoshkin OA, Kawakatsu M (1998) Prostoma ohmiense sp. nov., a new species of freshwater nemertean from Lake Biwa-Ko, central Japan, with special reference to the taxonomy and distribution of the known species in the genus Prostoma Dugès, 1828 (Enopla, Hoplonemertea, Monostylifera, Tetrastemmatidae). Bull Fuji Women's Coll Ser II 36: 51-66
27. Coe WR (1901) Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XX. The nemerteans. Proc Wash Acad Sci 3: 1-84
28. Coe WR (1902) The nemertean parasites of crabs. Amer Nat 36: 431-450
29. Coe WR (1904) Nemerteans of the Pacific coast of North America. Part II. Harriman Alaska Ser 11: 111-220
30. Coe WR (1905) Nemerteans of the west and northwest coasts of America. Bull Mus Comp Zool Harvard Coll 47: 1-318
31. Coe WR (1926) The pelagic nemerteans. Mem Mus Comp Zool Harvard Coll 49: 1-244
32. Coe WR (1930) Two new species of nemerteans belonging to the family Cephalotrichidae. Zool Anz 89: 97-103
33. Coe WR (1931) A new species of nemertean (Lineus vegetus) with asexual reproduction. Zool Anz 94: 54-60
34. Coe WR (1940) Revision of the nemertean fauna of the Pacific coasts of North, Central, and northern South America. Allan Hankock Pac Exped 2: 247-322
35. Coe WR (1943) Biology of the nemerteans of the Atlantic coast of North America. Trans Conn Acad Arts Sci 35: 129-328
36. Coe WR (1944) Geographical distribution of the nemerteans of the Pacific coast of North America, with descriptions of two new species. J Wash Acad Sci 34: 27-32
37. Coe WR (1947) Nemerteans of the Hawaiian and Marshall Islands. Occ Pap Bernice P Bishop Mus 19: 101-106
38. Coe WR (1954) Bathypelagic nemerteans of the Pacific Ocean. Bull Scripps Inst Oceanogr Univ Califor 6: 225-286
39. Corrêa DD (1963) Nemerteans from Curaçao. Stud Faun Curaçao Carib Is 17:41-56
40. Corrêa DD (1964) Nemerteans from California and Oregon. Proc Calif Acad Sci 31: 515-558
41. Corrêa DD (1966) A new hermaphroditic nemertean. An Acad Brasil Cienc 38: 365-369
42. Crandall FB (2001) A cladistic view of the Monostilifera (Hoplone-mertea) with interwoven rhynchocoel musculature: a preliminary assessment. Hydrobiologia 456: 87-110
43. Crandall FB, Kajihara H, Mawatari SF, Iwata F (2001) The status of four Japanese nemertean species of Yamaoka. Hydrobiologia 456: 175-185
44. Crandall FB, Norenburg JL, Chernyshev AV, Maslakova S, Schwartz M, Kajihara H (2002) Checklist of the Nemertean Fauna of Japan and Northeastern Asia. The Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. [PDF available from http://nemertes.si.edu/PDFs/epub2917.pdf]
45. Delle Chiaje S (1825) Memorie Sulla Storia e Notomia Degli Animali Senza Vertebre del Regno di Napoli Vol 2. Societa' Tipografica, Napoli
46. Delle Chiaje S (1828) Memorie Sulla Storia e Notomia Degli Animali Senza Vertebre del Regno di Napoli Vol 3. Societa' Tipografica, Napoli
47. Diesing CM (1850) Systema Helminthum Vol I. W Braumuller, Vindobonae
48. Diesing KM (1863) Nachträge zur Revision der Turbellarien. Sitzungsb Akad Wiss Wien Math Naturwiss KI 46: 173-188
49. Dugès A (1828) Recherches sur l'organisation et les moeurs des Planariées. Ann Sci Nat 15: 139-183
50. Ehrenberg CG (1828-1831) Phytozoa turbellaria Africana et Asiatica in Phytozoorum Tabula IV et V delineata. In "Symbolae physicae, seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam, Aegyptium, Nubiam, Dongalam Syriam, Arabiam et Habessiniam, pars zoologica II, animalia evertebrata exclusis insectis" Ed by FG Hemprich, CG Ehrenberg, Officina Academica, Berolina, pp 53-67, pls IV-V [Plates published in 1828, text in 1831]
51. Envall M (1998) General problems in estimating nemertean relationships on ribosomal sequence data - an example using six monostiliferous species and mitochondrial 16S rDNA. Hydrobiologia 365: 19-31
52. Envall M, Sundberg P (1993) Intraspecific variation in nemerteans (Nemertea): synonymization of the genera Paroerstedia and Oerstediella with Oerstedia. J Zool Lond 230: 293-318
53. Fish JD, Fish S (1989) A Student's Guide to the Seashore. Unwin Hyman, London
54. Foshay EA (1912) Nectonemertes japonica, a new nemertean. Zool Anz 40: 50-53
55. Friedrich H (1935a) Studien zur Morphologie, Systematik und Ökologie der Nemertinen der Kieler Bucht. Arch Naturg NF 4: 293-375
56. Friedrich H (1935b) Neue Hoplonemertinen der Kieler Bucht. Schrift Naturw Ver Schleswig-Holst 21: 10-19
57. Friedrich H (1955) Beiträge zu einer Synopsis der Gattungen der Nemertini monostilifera nebst Bestimmungsschlüssel. Z Wiss Zool 158: 133-192
58. Friedrich H (1958) Nemertini. Zool Iceland 2: 1-24
59. Friedrich H (1968) Sagaminemertes, eine bemerkenswerte neue Gattung der Hoplonemertinen und ihre systematische Stellung. Zool Anz 180: 33-36
60. Gibson R (1979) Nemerteans of the Great Barrier Reef. 1. Anopla Palaeonemertea. Zool J Linn Soc 65: 305-337
61. Gibson R (1981) Nemerteans of the Great Barrier Reef 3. Anopla Heteronemertea (Lineidae). Zool J Linn Soc 71: 171-235
62. Gibson R (1982a) British Nemerteans. University Press, Cambridge
63. Gibson R (1982b) Nemertea. In "Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms Vol 1" Ed by SP Parker, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 823-846
64. Gibson R (1985) The need for a standard approach to taxonomic descriptions of nemerteans. Am Zool 25: 5-14
65. Gibson R (1990a) The macrobenthic nemertean fauna of Hong Kong. In "Proceedings of the Second International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong, 1986 Vol 1" Ed by B Morton, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp 33-212
66. Gibson R (1990b) The macrobenthic nemertean fauna of the Albany region, Western Australia. In "Proceedings of the Third International Marine Biological Workshop: the Marine Flora and Fauna of Albany, Western Australia Vol 1" Ed by FE Wells, DI Walker, H Kirkman, R Lethbridge, Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp 89-194
67. Gibson R (1994) Nemerteans. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury
68. Gibson R (1995) Nemertean genera and species of the world: an annotated checklist of original names and description citations, synonyms, current taxonomic status, habitats and recorded zoogeographic distribution. J Nat Hist 29: 271-562
69. Gibson R (1997a) An annotated checklist of the Nemertea recorded from the Cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong. In "The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China Vol 4" Ed by B Morton, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp 31-36
70. Gibson R (1997b) Nemertea. In "The Species Directory of the Marine Fauna and Flora of the British Isles and Surrounding Seas" Ed by C M Howson, BE Picton, Ulster Museum and The Marine Conservation Society, Belfast and Ross-on-Wye, pp 49-54
71. Gibson R (1998) Epilogue - one hundred years of nemertean research: Bürger (1895) to the present. Hydrobiologia 365: 301-310
72. Gibson R, Crandall FB (1989) The genus Amphiporus Ehrenberg (Nemertea, Enopla, Monostiliferoidea). Zool Scr 18: 453-470
73. Gibson R, Knight-Jones EW (1990) Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Nemertea. In "The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and Northwest Europe Vol 1" Ed by PJ Hayward, JS Ryland, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 181-200
74. Gibson R, Moore J (1976) Freshwater nemerteans. Zool J Linn Soc 58: 177-218
75. Gibson R, Moore J (1998) Further observations on the genus Geonemertes with a description of a new species from the Philippine Islands. Hydrobiologia 365: 157-171
76. Girard C (1893) Recherches sur les Planariés et les Némertiens de I'Amérique du Nord. Ann Sci Nat Sér 7 15: 145-310
77. Hansson HG (1994) Sydskandinaviska marina flercelliga evertebrater. Lanstryckeriet i Goteborg, Goteborg
78. Henry JQ, Martindale MQ (1994) Establishment of the dorsoventral axis in nemertean embryos: evolutionary considerations of spiralian development. Dev Gen 15: 64-78
79. Henry JQ, Martindale MQ (1996) The establishment of embryonic axial properties in the nemertean, Cerebratulus lacteus. Dev Biol 180: 713-721
80. Henry J, Martindale MQ (1997a) Nemerteans, the ribbon worms. In "Embryology: Constructing the Organism" Ed by SF Gilbert, AM Raunio, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, pp 151-166
81. Henry JQ, Martindale MQ (1997b) Regulation and the modification of axial properties in partial embryos of the nemertean, Cerebratulus lacteus. Dev Gen Evol 207: 42-50
82. Hieda K, Takahashi Y (1986) Hokkaido Umibenoikimono. [Sea Shore Animals Around Hokkaido] Hokkaido Shimbun, Sapporo [In Japanese]
83. Hochberg FG, Lunianski DN (1998) Nemertean collections at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: type specimens and vouchers for Wesley R. Coe's 1940 publication. Hydrobiologia 365: 291-300
84. Honma Y, Kitami T (1978) Fauna and flora in the waters adjacent to the Sado Marine Biological Station, Niigata University. Ann Rep Sado Mar Biol Stat Niigata Univ 8: 7-81
85. Hubrecht AAW (1874) Aanteekeningen Over de Anatomie, Histologic en Ontwikkelingsgeschiedenis van Eenige Nemertinen. JL Beijer, Utrecht
86. Hubrecht AAW (1879) The genera of European nemerteans critically revised, with description of several new species. Note Leyden Mus 1: 193-232
87. Hubrecht AAW (1885) The Nemertea. Rep Sci Res Challenger Exped, Narrative 1: 830-833
88. Hubrecht AAW (1887) Report on the Nemertea collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Rep Sci Res Challenger Exped, Zoology 19: 1-150
89. Humes AG (1942) The morphology, taxonomy, and bionomics of the nemertean genus Carcinonemertes. Illinois Biol Monogr 18: 1-105
90. Huschke E (1830) Beschreibung und Anatomie eines neuen an Sicilien gefundenen Meerwurms, Notospermus drepanensis. Isis 23: 681-683
91. Hylbom R (1957) Studies on palaeonemerteans of the Gullmar Fiord area (West Coast of Sweden). Arkiv Zool 10: 539-582
92. Hylbom R (1993) A proposal for a check-list of characteristics to be used in the descriptions of palaeonemertean species. Hydrobiologia 266: 169-174
93. Ikeda I (1913) A new fresh-water nemertine from Japan (Stichostemma grandis). Ann Zool Jpn 8: 239-256
94. Inaba A (1963) Fauna and Flora of the Inland Sea of Seto. Mukaishima Marine Biological Station, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima
95. Inaba A (1988) Fauna and Flora of the Seto Inland Sea. 2nd ed, Mukaishima Marine Biological Station, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima
96. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1985) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 3rd ed, International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London
97. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1988) Opinion 1486, Tubulanus Renier, [1804] and T. polymorphus Renier, [1804] (Nemertea): reinstated and made available. Bull Zool Nom 45: 157-158
98. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1992) OPINION 1675 Amphiporus Ehrenberg, 1831 (Nemertea): Planaria lactiflorea Johnston, 1828 designated as the type species. Bull Zool Nom 49: 157
99. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th ed, International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London
100. Ishizuka H (1933) On a fresh-water nemertean from Hokkaido. Proc Imp Acad Jpn 9: 215-218
101. Iwata F (1951) Nemerteans in the vicinity of Onomichi. J Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ Ser 6 Zool 10: 135-138
102. Iwata F (1952) Nemertini from the coasts of Kyusyu. J Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ Ser 6 Zool 11: 126-148
103. Iwata F (1954a) The fauna of Akkeshi Bay. XX. Nemertini in Hokkaido (revised report). J Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ Ser 6 Zool 12: 1-39
104. Iwata F (1954b) Some nemerteans from the coasts of the Kii Peninsula. Publ Seto Mar Biol Lab 4: 33-42
105. Iwata F (1954c) Invertebrate fauna of the intertidal zone of the Tokara Islands. X. Nemertini. Publ Seto Mar Biol Lab 4: 27-31
106. Iwata F (1957a) Nemerteans from Sagami Bay. Publ Akkeshi Mar Biol Stat 7: 1-31
107. Iwata F (1957b) On the early development of the nemertine, Lineus torquatus Coe. J Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ Ser 6 Zool 13: 54-58
108. Iwata F (1957c) Nemertini. In "Musekitsui-dobutsu-hasseigaku" [Developmental Biology of Invertebrates] Ed by M Kume, K Dan, Baifukan, Tokyo, pp 101-110 [In Japanese]
109. Iwata F (1958) On the development of the nemertean Micrura akkeshiensis. Embryologia 4: 103-131
110. Iwata F (1960a) The life history of the Nemertea. Bull Mar Biol Stat Asamushi 10: 95-97
111. Iwata F (1960b) Studies on the comaparative embryology of nemerteans with special reference to their interrelationships. Publ Akkeshi Mar Biol Stat 10: 1-51
112. Iwata F (1960c) Nemertini. In "Encyclopaedia Zoologica Illustrated in Colours Vol 4" Ed by T Okada, T Uchida, Hokuryu-kan Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 166-169 [In Japanese]
113. Iwata F (1965a) Nemertinea. In "Dôbutsu-keitô-bunruigaku Vol 3" [Systematic Zoology Vol 3] Ed by T Uchida, Nakayama-Shoten Co., Ltd, Tokyo, pp 167-219 [In Japanese]
114. Iwata F (1965b) Procephalothrix simulus Iwata, Tubulanus punctatus Takakura, Carinesta uchidai Iwata, Coia ijimai Takakura, Tetramys ramicerebrum Iwata, Baseodiscus curtus Hubrecht, Baseodiscus princeps Coe, Cephalomastax brevis Iwata, Euborlasia gotoensis Iwata, Lineus alborostratus Takakura, Lineus bilineatus Renier, Lineus geniculates Delle Chiaje, Lineus longifissus Hubrecht, Lineus piperatus Stimpson, Micrura japonica Iwata, Emplectonema gracile Johnston, Nemertopsis gracilis Coe, Paranemertes plana Iwata, Oerstedia dorsalis Abildgaard, Oerstedia venusta Iwata, Amphiporus bimaculatus Coe, Amphiporus punctatulus Coe, Drepanophorus longiceps Iwata. In "New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan Vol 1" Ed by Y Okada, S Uchida, T Uchida, Hokuryu-kan Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, pp 390-401 [In Japanese]
115. Iwata F (1967) Uchidana parasita nov. gen. et nov. sp., a new parasitic nemertean from Japan with peculiar morphological characters. Zool Anz 178: 122-136
116. Iwata F (1970a) On the brackish water nemerteans from Japan, provided with special circulatory and nephridial organs useful for osmoregulation. Zool Anz 184: 133-154
117. Iwata F (1970b) Nemertinea. In "Gendai-seibutugaku-taikei Vol 1 musekitui-dôbutsu" [Contemporary Biology Series Vol 1 Invertebrates] Ed by T Uchida, S Mawatari, Nakayama-shoten, Tokyo, pp 125-132 [In Japanese]
118. Iwata F (1972) Axial changes in the nemertean egg and embryo during development and its phylogenetic significance. J Zool Lond 168:521-526
119. Iwata F (1973) Nemertinea. In "Freshwater Biology of Japan Enlarged and Revised Edition" Ed by M Ueno, Hokuryukan Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, pp 262-264 [In Japanese]
120. Iwata F (1983) Nemertinea. In "Musekitui-dôbutsu-no-hassei- jô" [Development of Invertebrates Vol 1] Ed by K Dan, K Sekiguchi, Y Andô, H Watanabe, Baifûkan, Tokyo, pp 181-196 [In Japanese]
121. Iwata F (1985) Foregut formation of the nemerteans and its role in nemertean systematics. Amer Zool 25: 23-36
122. Iwata F (1988) On the hoplonemertean Sagaminemertes nagaiensis (Iwata, 1957), with consideration of its systematics. Hydrobiologia 156: 115-124
123. Iwata F (1992) Nemertinea. In "Guide to Seashore Animals of Japan with Color Pictures and Keys Vol 1" Ed by S Nishimura, Hoikusha Publishing Co., Ltd., Osaka, pp 194-204 [In Japanese]
124. Iwata F (1993) Paralineopsis taki gen. et sp. nov., a littoral heteronemertean from Japan, provided with special proboscideal, circulatory and sensory organs of significance to nemertean systematics. Hydrobiologia 266: 185-201
125. Iwata F (1997) Himogatadôbutsu (Himomushirui). In "The Encyclopaedia of Animals in Japan Vol 7 Invertebrates" Ed by T Okutani, M Takeda, M Imafuku, Heibonsha Ltd., Tokyo, pp 50-55 [In Japanese]
126. Iwata F (1998) On the hoplonemertean, Kameginemertes parmiornatus (Iwata, 1957) gen. n., comb. n. from Sagami Bay, Japan. Hydrobiologia 365: 199-213
127. Iwata F (2001) Nipponnemertes fernaldi, a new species of swimming monostiliferous hoplonemertean from the San Juan Archipelago, Washington, U.S.A. Proc Biol Soc Wash 114: 833-857
128. Iwata F (2006) On four monostiliferous hoplonemerteans, including three new genera and species from Washington state and British Columbia. J Nat Hist 40: 873-913
129. Jenner RA (2004) Towards a phylogeny of the Metazoa: evaluating alternative phylogenetic positions of Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida, with a critical reappraisal of cladistic characters. Contr Zool 73: 1-216 [Available from http://dpc2.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol73/nr01/art01]
130. Jensen OS (1878) Turbellarier ved Norges Vestkyst. JW Eides, Bergen
131. Johnston G (1828) Contributions to the British fauna. Zool J 4: 52-57
132. Johnston G (1833) Illustrations in British Zoology. Mag Nat Hist 6: 232-235
133. Johnston G (1837) A description of some planarian worms. Mag Zool Bot 1: 529-538
134. Joubin L (1894) Les Némertiens. In "Fauna Française" Ed by R Blanchard, J de Guerne, Société d'Éditions Scientifiques, Paris, pp 1-235
135. Kaburaki T (1927) Nemertea. In "Figuraro de Japanaj Bestoij" Ed by S Uchida, Hokuryukwan & Co., Ltd., Tokyo, pp 1662-1666 [In Japanese]
136. Kaburaki T (1947) Emplectonema mitsukurii (Takakura), Prostoma grandis (Ikeda), Malacobdella japonica Takakura, Lineus fuscoviridis Takakura, Lineus subcingulatus Takakura, Cerebratulus communis Takakura, Baseodiscus curtus (Hubrecht), Cephalothrix linearis (Rathke), Tubulanus punctatus (Takakura). In "Revised Edition Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan (Exclusive of Insects)" Ed by S Uchida et al. The Hokuryukan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, pp 1466-1474 [In Japanese]
137. Kaburaki T, Iwata F (1965) Cephalothrix linearis Rathke, Lineus fuscoviridis Takakura, Lineus subcingulatus Takakura, Cerebratulus comunis Takakura, Carcinonemertes mitsukurii Takakura, Prostoma grandis Ikeda, Malacobdella japonica Takakura. In "New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan Vol 1" Ed by Y Okada, S Uchida, T Uchida, Hokuryu-kan Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, pp 390-401 [In Japanese]
138. Kajihara H (1998) Kangekisei-himomushirui - sunano-sukima-nisumu- himomushi [Interstitial nemerteans]. Umiushi Tsushin 19: 10-11 [In Japanese]
139. Kajihara H (2001) Taxonomic study on nemerteans from South West Islands, Japan. In "Toyoshio-maru Cruise Report No2001-6" Ed by A Go, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, pp 10-11 [In Japanese]
140. Kajihara H (2002) Two new species of Zygonemertes (Nemertea: Enopla: Monostilifera) from Hokkaido, Japan. Spec Div 7:121-143
141. Kajihara H (2004) Usamaro Takakura (1867-1944), Japanese pioneer nemertean researcher. Arch Nat Hist 31: 208-213
142. Kajihara H (2006) Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan. Zootaxa 1163:1-47
143. Kajihara H (2007a) Two species of Nemertopsis (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera) living in association with Capitulum mitella (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica: Lepadomorpha). Zootaxa 1446: 43-58
144. Kajihara H (2007b) Ototyphlonemertes dolichobasis sp. nov. (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera: Ototyphlonemertidae), a new species of interstitial nemertean from Japan. Spec Div 12: 57-66
145. Kajihara H, Gibson R, Mawatari SF (2000) Redescription and taxonomic reassessment of Nemertellina minuta Friedrich, 1935, sensu Yamaoka, 1940 (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea, Monostilifera). Zool Sci 17: 265-276
146. Kajihara H, Gibson R, Mawatari SF (2001) A new genus and species of monostiliferous hoplonemertean (Nemertea: Enopla: Monostilifera) from Japan. Hydrobiologia 456: 187-198
147. Kajihara H, Gibson R, Mawatari SF (2003) Potamostoma shizunaiense gen. et sp. nov. (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera): a new brackish-water nemertean from Japan. Zool Sci 20: 491-500
148. Kanda S (1939) The luminescence of a nemertean, Emplectonema kandai Kato. Biol Bull 77: 166-173
149. Kato K (1939) A new luminous species of the nemertea, Emplectonema kandai sp. nov. Jpn J Zool 8: 251-254
150. Kato K (1940) Oyogi-himomushi. Saishû to Shiiku 2: 101 [In Japanese] Kato K (1947) Emplectonema kandai Kato, Nectonemertes mirabilis Verrill, Pelagonemertes moseleyi Bürger. In "Revised Edition Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan (Exclusive of Insects)" Ed by S Uchida, The Hokuryukan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, pp 1466-1470 [In Japanese]
151. Kato K, Iwata F (1965) Emplectonema kandai Kato, Pelagonemertes moseleyi Bürger, Nectonemertes mirabilis Verrill. In "New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan Vol 1" Ed by Y Okada, S Uchida, T Uchida, Hokuryu-kan Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, pp 396-401 [In Japanese]
152. Kato K, Tanaka O (1938) Notes on Pelagonemertes moseleyi Burger. Jpn J Zool 7: 595-598
153. Kawai S, Yamaoka T (1940) On Malacobdella japonica Takakura. Zool Mag 52: 255-259 [In Japanese with English summary]
154. Kawakatsu M (1991) Nemertinea. In "Pictorial Keys to Soil Animals of Japan" Ed by J Aoki, Tdkaidaigaku Shuppan Kai, Tokyo, p 2 [In Japanese]
155. Kawakatsu M (1999) Nemertinea. In "Pictorial Keys to Soil Animals of Japan" Ed by J Aoki, Tdkaidaigaku Shuppan Kai, Tokyo, p 11 [In Japanese]
156. Kawakatsu M, Nunomura N, Suzuki H (1989) Corrections and emendations of specific names of several Japanese species of turbellarians (Acoela, Tricladida-Maricola, Polycladida-Cotylea, and Temnocephalida-Scutariellidata) and Nemertinea (EnoplaHoplonemertea-Monostylifera). Bull Fuji Women's Coll Ser II 27: 41-51
157. Kikuchi T (1968) Faunal list of the Zostera marina belt in Tomioka Bay, Amakusa, Kyushu. Publ Amakusa Mar Biol Lab 1: 163-192
158. Kito K (1975) Preliminary report on the phytal animals in the Sargassum confusum region in Oshoro Bay, Hokkaido. J Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ Ser 6 Zool 20: 141-158
159. Komai T (1919) Huyûsei-himomushi [Pelagic nemerteans]. Zool Mag 31: 294-296 [In Japanese]
160. Korotkevitsch VS (1955) Pelagicheskie nemertiny dalnevostochnykh morei SSSR. Izd Akad Nauk SSSR 58: 1-131 [In Russian]
161. Korotkevitsch VS (1971) K ekologii i sistematike nemertin zaliva noseta yponskogo morya. Issl Faun Mor 8: 109-122 [In Russian]
162. Korotkevitsch VS (1977) K systematike nemertin tribui Pelagica. Issl Faun Mor 20: 13-19 [In Russian]
163. Korotkevitsch VS (1982) Novye i redkie vidy nemertin (Nemertini) s iuzhnogo shel'fa ostrova sakhalin. Issledv Faun Mor 29: 12-26 [In Russian]
164. Kulikova VI (1988) Raspredelenie nemertin v agregatsiiakh dvustvorchatykh molliuskov. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 302:1013-1016 [In Russian]
165. Kulikova VI, Kutishchev AA (1984) Nemertinui druz mitilid zaliva vostok yaponskogo morya. Izv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Biol 4: 615-619
166. Langerhans P (1880) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira III. Z Wiss Zool 34: 87-143
167. Leuckart FS (1828) Breves animalium quorundam maxima ex parte marinorum descriptiones. Augusti Osswaldi, Heidelbergae
168. Manchenko GP, Kulikova VI (1996a) Allozyme and colour differences between two sibling species of the heteronemertean Lineus torquatus from the Sea of Japan. Mar Biol 125: 687-691
169. Manchenko GP, Kulikova VI (1996b) Enzyme and colour variation in the hoplonemertean Tetrastemma nigrifrons from the Sea of Japan. Hydrobiologia 337: 69-76
170. Martindale MQ, Henry JQ (1995) Modifications of cell fate specification in equal-cleaving nemertean embryos: alternate patterns of spiralian development. Development 121: 3175-3185
171. Maslakova SA (2005) Systematics and evolution of smiling worms family Prosorhochmidae (Hoplonemertea; Nemertea). Ph.D thesis, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
172. Maslakova SA, Martindale MQ, Norenburg JL (2004a) Fundamental properties of the spiralian developmental program are displayed by the basal nemertean Carinoma tremaphoros (Palaeonemertea, Nemertea). Dev Biol 267: 342-360
173. Maslakova SA, Martindale MQ, Norenburg JL (2004b) Vestigial prototroch in a basal nemertean, Carinoma tremaphoros (Nemertea; Palaeonemertea). Evol Dev 6: 219-226
174. McDermott JJ, Roe P (1985) Food, feeding bahavior and feeding ecology of nemerteans. Amer Zool 25: 113-125
175. McIntosh WC (1873-1874) A Monograph of the British Annelids Part I The Nemerteans. Ray Society, London [pp 1-96, pls I-X in 1873; pp 97-214, pls XI-XXIII in 1874]
176. Melville RV (1986) Tubulanus Renier, [1804] and T. polymorphus Renier, [1804] (Polychaeta): proposed reinstatement under the plenary powers. Bull Zool Nom 43: 112-114
177. Miyashita Y (1932) Kansatsu-zakki. [Miscellaneous notes of observation]. Zool Mag 44: 327-331 [In Japanese]
178. Miyazawa K, Higashiyama M, Ito K, Noguchi T, Arakawa O, Shida Y, Hashimoto K (1988) Tetrodotoxin in two species of ribbon worms (Nemertini), Lineus fuscoviridis and Tubulanus punctatus. Toxicon 26: 867-874
179. Montgomery TH (1894) Kritische Uebersicht der Süsswasser-Nemertinen. Inaugural Dissertation, University of Berlin, Berlin
180. Montgomery TH (1897) Descriptions of new metanemerteans, with notes on other species. Zool Jb Abt Syst 10: 1-14
181. Moore J, Gibson R (1981) The Geonemertes problem (Nemertea). J Zool Lond 194: 175-201
182. Moore J, Gibson R (1988) Marine relatives of terrestrial nemerteans: the genus Prosadenoporus Bürger, 1890 (Hoplonemertea). Hydrobiologia 156: 75-86
183. Moretto HJA (1974) Un paleonemertino de Quequen. Neotropica 20:9-13
184. Moriyama H (1995) Nakamura Kazuhiko sensei Okazaki Yoshio sensei Iwata Fumio sensei wo ookurisuru. Mem Kushiro Publ Univ Econom 7: 1-18 [In Japanese]
185. Morton B (1989) Partnerships in the sea: Hong Kong's marine symbioses. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong
186. Moseley HN (1875a) On Pelagonemertes rollestoni. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser 4 15: 165-169
187. Moseley HN (1875b) On a young specimen of Pelagonemertes rollestoni. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser 4 16: 377-383
188. Müller OF (1788) Zoologica Danica Seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Rariorum ac Minus Notorum Descriptiones et Historia Vol 2. N Mölleri et Fillii, Havniae
189. Nielsen C (2005) Trochophora larvae: cell-lineages, ciliary bands and body regions. 2. Other groups and general discussion. J Exp Zool 304b: 401-447
190. Nishikawa T, Sattmann, H (2001) List of Dr. Albrecht von Roretz's collection of Japanese animals made about 120 years ago, compiled from the catalogues of Naturhistorisches Museum Wien. Bull Nagoya Univ Mus 17: 33-44
191. Nishimura S (1992) Gaisetsu [Overview]. In "Guide to Seashore Animals of Japan with Color Pictures and Keys Vol I" Ed by S Nishimura, Hoikusha, Osaka, pp xi-xxxv [In Japanese]
192. Noguchi T, Ali AE, Arakawa O, Miyazawa K, Kanoh S, Shida Y, Nishio S, Hashimoto K (1991) Tetrodonic acid-like substance; a possible precursor of tetrodotoxin. Toxicon 29: 845-855
193. Norenburg JL, Roe P (1998) Reproductive biology of several species of recently collected pelagic nemerteans. Hydrobiologia 365: 73-91
194. Ochi O (1979) Ultrastructures of the blood vessels and the haemocytes in a nemertean, Lineus fuscoviridis. Zool Mag 88: 640
195. Ochsenheimer F (1816) Die Schmetterlinge von Europa Vol 4. Gerhard Fleischer, Leipzig
196. Ohuye T (1942) On the blood corpuscles and the hemopoiesis of a nemertean, Lineus fuscoviridis, and of a sipunculus, Dendrostoma minor. Sci Rep Tôhoku Imp Univ 4th Ser Biol 17: 187-196
197. Ohuye T (1950) Preliminary note on the survey of peroxidase distribution in the blood and coelomic cells of various invertebrates. Mem Ehime Univ Sect II Sci 1: 21-26
198. Okada S, Igarashi T, Kobayashi K (1971) Invertebrates and fishes of Oshoro Bay and neighbouring Area. Bull Plankton Soc Jpn 18: 59-72
199. Oki I, Tamura S, Ogren RE, Kitagawa K, Kawakatsu M (1987) The karyotype and a new locality for the land nemertine Geonemertes pelaensis Semper, 1863. Bull Fuji Women's Coll Ser 2 25: 66-77
200. Okuda S (1947) Paranemertes peregrina Coe, Amphiporus formidabilis Griffin, Zygonemertes glandulosa Yamaoka, Prostoma nigrifrons (Coe), Lineus torquatus Coe, Cerebratulus marginatus Renier, Micrura bella (Stimpson), Micrura uchidai Yamaoka, Micrura akkeshiensis Yamaoka, Baseodiscus hemprichi (Ehrenberg), Tubulanus ezoensis Yamaoka. In "Revised Edition Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan (Exclusive of Insects)" Ed by S Uchida, The Hokuryukan Co., Ltd, Tokyo, pp 1467-1474 [In Japanese]
201. Okuda S, Iwata F (1965) Tubulanus ezoensis Yamaoka, Baseodiscus hemprichii Ehrenberg, Lineus torquatus Coe, Cerebratulus marginatus Renier, Micrura akkeshiensis Yamaoka, Micrura bella Stimpson, Micrura uchidai Yamaoka, Emplectonema mitsuii Yamaoka, Paranemertes katoi Yamaoka, Paranemertes peregrina Coe,
202. Okugawa K (1932) An outline of the Japanese freshwater rhabdocoelids. Zool Mag 44: 69-70. [In Japanese]
203. Ooishi S (1964) Results of Amami Expedition, no. 3, invertebrates. Rep Fac Fish Pref Univ Mie 5: 189-215
204. Örsted AS (1843) Forsog til en ny classification af Planarierne (Planariea Duges) grundet paa mikroskopisk-anatomiske Undersogelser. Naturhist Tidsskr 4: 519-581
205. Örsted AS (1844) Entwurf Einer Systematischen Eintheilung und Speciellen Beschreibung der Plattwürmer, auf Microscopische Untersuchungen. CA Reitzel, Copenhagen
206. Punnett RC (1900) On some South Pacific nemertines collected by Dr Willey. Zool Resul New Brit New Guinea, Loyalty Is Coll 1895 1896 1897 Arthur Willey 5: 569-584
207. Punnett RC and Cooper CF (1909) On some nemerteans from the eastern Indian Ocean. Trans Linn Soc Lond Ser 2 Zool 13: 1-15
208. Quatrefages A de (1846) Étude sur les types inférieurs de l'embranchement des annelés. Ann Sci Nat Ser 3 Zool 6: 173-303
209. Quoy JRC, Gaimard JP (1833) Voyage de découvertes de l'Astrolabe éxécute par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville, Zoologie Vol 4. J Tastu, Paris, pp 284-292
210. Rathke J (1799) Jagttagelser henhorende til Indvoldeormenes og Bloddyrenes Naturhistorie. Skr naturh Selsk Kbh 5: 61-148
211. Renier SA (1804) Prospetto Della Classe dei Vermi, Nominati e Ordinati Secondo il Sistema di Bosc. pp xv-xxvii [A work commonly attributed to the year 1804, rejected for nomenclatural purposes by ICZN with Opinion 316 as not duly published within the meaning of Article 25 of the Régle Internationales de la Nomenclature Zoologique, thereby placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Works in Zoological Nomenclature (Work No. 25) in 1954; names of animals contained in this work were subsequently ruled to be unavailable by ICZN with Opinions 427and 436, thereby placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology and Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology in 1956 and 1957, respectively; later, a certain number of these names were reinstated by the plenary power of ICZN, including the nemertean names Cerebratulus marginatus (Opinion 477) in 1957 and Tubulanus polymorphus (Opinion 1486) in 1988]
212. Riser NW (1974) Nemertinea. In "Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates Vol 1" Ed by JS Pearse, AC Giese, Academic Press, New York, pp 359-389
213. Riser NW (1989) Speciation and time - relationships of the nemertines to the acoelomate metazoan Bilateria. Bull Mar Sci 45: 531-538
214. Riser NW (1991) New Zealand nemertines from kelp holdfasts: Heteronemertinea II. Notospermus geniculatus (Delle Chiaje, 1828) n. comb. N Z J Zool 18: 427-438
215. Riser NW (1994) The morphology and generic relationships of some fissiparous heteronemertines. Proc Biol Soc Wash 107: 548-556
216. Riser NW (1998) The morphology of Micrura leidyi (Verrill, 1892) with consequent systematic revaluation. Hydrobiologia 365: 149-156
217. Roe P (1993) Aspects of the biology of Pantinonemertes californiensis, a high intertidal nemertean. Hydrobiologia 266: 29-44
218. Saito M, Suzuki H (1974) Fauna in the littoral zone of Niisaki Beach in the western part of Sagami Bay I. Sci Rep Yokohama Natn Univ (Sect 2) 21: 31-48
219. Satô H, Itô T (1961) Musekitsui Dôbutsu Saishû Shiiku Jikkenhô [Methods of Sampling, Raring, and Experiments on Invertebrates]. Hokuryûkan, Tokyo [In Japanese]
220. Semper C (1863) Reisebericht. Briefliche Mittheilung an A. Kölliker. Z Wiss Zool 13: 558-570
221. Senz W (1997a) Morphologie und klassifikatorische Position einiger anopler Nemertinen (Nemertini: Anopla). Ann Naturhist Mus Wien 99B: 423-496
222. Senz W (1997b) Über die phylogenetische Herkunft und systematische Stellung der Gattung Malacobdella Blainville, 1827 (Nemertini, Bdellonemertini). Sitzungsber Math naturwiss Kl Abt I 204: 39-62
223. Senz W (2001) Eine neue Heteronemertine von der Küste Japans (Nemertini). Spixiana 24: 5-12
224. Shiino S (1969) Suisan-musekitsui-dôbutsugaku [Aquatic Invertebrate Zoology]. Baifûkan, Tokyo
225. Shimomura M, Kato T, Kajihara H (2001) Records of some marine invertebrates (nemerteans, asellotes and phyllodocids) from the coast around Otsuchi Bay. Otsuchi Mar Sci 26: 46-50
226. Sowerby J (1806) The British Miscellany: Or Coloured Figures of New, Rare, or Little Known Animal Subjects; Many Not Before Ascertained to Be Inhabitants of the British Isles. Taylor, London
227. Steksova VV (2004) Invaziia dvustvorchatogo molliuska Spisula sachalinensis v zal. aniva o. Sakhalin nemertinoi Malacobdella japonica (Takakura, 1897). Trudy Sakhin Nauch-Issled Inst Rybn Khoz Okean 6: 297-300 [In Russian]
228. Stiasny-Wijnhoff G (1938) Das Genus Prostoma Dugès, eine Gattung von Süsswasser-nemertinen. Arch Néerland Zool 3: 219-230
229. Stimpson W (1855) Descriptions of some of the new marine Invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese seas. Proc Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia 7: 375-384
230. Stimpson W (1857) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Dadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars II. Turbellarieorum Nemertineorum generum et specierum adhuc ineditarum descriptions; adjunctis notis de generibus jam constitutes. Proc Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia 9: 159-165
231. Strand M, Sundberg P (2005a) Delimiting species in the hoplonemertean genus Tetrastemma (phylum Nemertea): morphology is not concordant with phylogeny as evidenced from mtDNA sequences. Biol J Linn Soc 86: 201-212
232. Strand M, Sundberg P (2005b) Genus Tetrastemma Ehrenberg, 1831 (phylum Nemertea) - a natural group? Phylogenetic relationships inferred from partial 18S rRNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 37: 144-152
233. Stricker SA, Folsom MW (1998) A comparative ultrastructural analysis of spermatogenesis in nemertean worms. Hydrobiologia 365: 55-72
234. Sudzuki M (1953) On Japanese fresh-water nemerteans. Zool Mag 62: 212-219 [In Japanese with English summary]
235. Sun S (1995) The preliminary report of nemerteans from Taiwan Channel. Mar Sci 5: 45-48
236. Sun S (2001) A new mangrove-dwelling nemertean from China. Hydrobiologia 456: 199-209
237. Sun S, Pan H (1994) Nemertinea. In "Marine Species and Their Distributions in China's Seas" Ed by Z Huang, China Ocean Press, Beijing, pp 328-330 [In Chinese]
238. Sundberg P (1984) Multivariate analysis of polymorphism in the hoplonemertean Oerstedia dorsalis (Abildgaard, 1806). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 78: 1-22
239. Sundberg P (1988) A new monostiliferous hoplonemertean (Nemertea), Oerstedia striata sp. n., from the west coast of Sweden. Zool Ser 17: 135-139
240. Sundberg P, Andersson S (1995) Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and intraspecific variation in Oerstedia dorsalis (Hoplonemertea, Nemertea). J Mar Biol Ass UK 75: 483-490
241. Sundberg P, Gibson R (1995) The nemerteans (Nemertea) of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Zool Ser 24:101-141
242. Sundberg P, Gibson R, Olsson U (2003) Phylogenetic analysis of a group of palaeonemerteans (Nemertea) including two new species from Queensland and the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zool Ser 32: 279-296
243. Sundberg P, Hylbom R (1994) Phytogeny of the nemertean subclass Palaeonemertea (Anopla, Nemertea). Cladistics 10: 347-402
244. Sundberg P, Janson K (1988) Polymorphism in Oerstedia dorsalis (Abilgaard, 1806) revised - electrophoretic evidence for a species complex. Hydrobiologia 156: 93-98
245. Takakura U (1897) On a new species of Malacobdella (M. japonica). Ann Zool Jpn 1: 105-112
246. Takakura U (1898) Misaki-kinbôsan-himomushirui-(Nemertine)-nobunrui [A classification of the nemerteans of the Misaki region]. Zool Mag 10: 38-44, 116-120, 184-187, 331-337, 424-429 [In Japanese]
247. Takakura U (1910) Kisei-himomushi-no-ichi-shinshu [A new species of parasitic nemertean]. Zool Mag 22:111-116 [In Japanese]
248. Takakura U (1922) Honpôsan-himomushi-no-ichi-shinzoku-ni-tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zool Mag 34:419-422 [In Japanese]
249. Takakura U (1933) Kitachishima-no-himomushi-rui [Nemerteans of the Northern Kurile Islands]. Bull Biogeogr Soc Jpn 4: 226-227 [In Japanese]
250. Tanu MB, Mahmud Y, Arakawa O, Takatani T, Kajihara H, Kawatsu K, Hamano Y, Asakawa M, Miyazawa K, Noguchi T (2004) Immunoenzymatic visualization of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Cephalothrix species (Nemertea: Anopla: Palaeonemertea: Cephalotrichidae) and Planocera reticulata (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Polycladida: Planoceridae). Toxicon 44: 515-520
251. Thollesson M, Norenburg JL (2003) Ribbon worm relationships: a phytogeny of the phylum Nemertea. Proc R Soc Lond B 270: 407-414
252. Tizard TH, Moseley HN, Buchanan JY, Murray J (1885) Japan. Rep Sci Challenger Exped, Narrative 1: 744-750
253. Tsuchiya M (1979) Quantitative survey of intertidal organisms on rocky shores in Mutsu Bay, with special reference to the influence of wave action. Bull Mar Biol St Asamushi Tohoku Univ 16:69-86
254. Turbeville JM (1986) An ultrastructural analysis of coelomogenesis in the hoplonemertine Prosorhochmus americanus and the polychaete Magelona sp. J Morph 187: 51-60
255. Turbeville JM (1991) Nemertinea. In "Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates Vol 3 Platyhelminthes and Nemertinea" Ed by FW Harrison, BJ Bogitsh, Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York, pp 285-328
256. Turbeville JM (2002) Progress in nemertean biology: development and phytogeny. Integ Comp Biol 42: 692-703
257. Turbeville JM, Ruppert EE (1985) Comparative ultrastructure and the evolution of nemertines. Amer Zool 25: 53-71
258. Uchida H (1994) Nagamushirui [Vermes]. In "Yama-Kei Field Books Vol 8 Umibenoikimono" [Sea Shore Animals] Ed by T Okutani, Yamatokeikokusha, Tokyo, pp 85-90 [In Japanese]
259. Uchida T, Iwata F, Nagao Z (1972) Shakotan-hantô-kaichû- kôenkôho-chi-no-musekitsui-dôbutsu [Invertebrates in a site proposed for Shakotan Marine Park]. In "Hokkaidô-shakotanhantô- otaru-kaigan-kaichû-kôen-chôsa-sdkokusho" [Report on Hokkaido Shakotan Penninsula and Otaru Beach Marine Park] Ed by Hokkaido Wildlife Conservation Section, Hokkaido, pp 45-66
260. Uchida T, Yamada M, Iwata F, Oguro C, Nagao Z (1963) The zoological environs of the Akkeshi Marine Biological Station. Publ Akkeshi Mar Biol St 13:1-36
261. Utinomi H (1956) Coloured Illustrations of Sea Shore Animals of Japan. 1st ed, Hoikusha, Osaka
262. Utinomi H (1960) Coloured Illustrations of Sea Shore Animals of Japan. 1st ed, 4th copy, Hoikusha, Osaka
263. Utinomi H (1969) Coloured Illustrations of Sea Shore Animals of Japan. 2nd ed, Hoikusha, Osaka
264. Vaillant L (1890) Histoire Naturelle des Annelés Marins et d'Eau Douce. Lombriciniens, Hirudiniens, Bdellomorphes, Térétulariens et Planariens. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris
265. Verrill AE (1895) Supplement to the marine nemerteans and planarians of New England. Trans Connecticut Acad Art Sci 9: 523-534
266. Walker G (1994) Preliminary observations on the association of the nemertean, Nemertopsis quadripunctatus, with the stalked barnacle, Capitulum mitella, on an exposed Hong Kong shore. Asian Mar Biol 11: 125-136
267. Wheeler JFG (1934) Nemerteans from the South Atlantic and southern oceans. Discovery Rep 9: 215-294
268. Wheeler JFG (1940) Some nemerteans from South Africa and a note on Lineus corrugatus M'Intosh. J Linn Soc Lond Zool 41: 20-49
269. Wijnhoff G (1913) Die Gattung Cephalothrix und ihre Bedeutung für die Systematik der Nemertinen. II. Systematischer Teil. Zool Jb Abt Syst Ökol Geogr Tiere 34: 291-320
270. Yamaguchi E, Yamada M (1955) Kitanihon-kaisan-musekitsuidôbutsu [Marine Invertebrates in Northern Japan]. Hokkaikyôiku-hyôron-sha, Sapporo
271. Yamaoka T (1939) Two nemerteans from Formosa. Ann Zool Jpn 18:283-289
272. Yamaoka T (1940a) The fauna of Akkeshi Bay. IX. Nemertini. J Fac Sci Hokkaido Imp Univ Ser 6 Zool 7: 205-263
273. Yamaoka T (1940b) Two nemerteans from the Riukiu Islands. Ann Zool Jpn 19: 13-18
274. Yamaoka T (1943) Nemertini. In "Keitô-dôbutsugaku" [Systematic Zoology] Ed by H Ohshima, Y Okada, Yôkenrô, Tokyo, pp 773-815 [In Japanese]
275. Yamaoka T (1947) Emplectonema mitsuii Yamaoka, Paranemertes katoi Yamaoka, Amphiporus ogumai Yamaoka, Prostoma roseocephalum Yamaoka, as submitted by S Okuda. In "Revised Edition Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan (Exclusive of Insects)" Ed by S Uchida, The Hokuryukan Co. Ltd., Tokyo, pp 1466-1469 [In Japanese]
276. Yamaoka T (2005) On fourteen monostiliferous hoplonemerteans from the Izu Peninsula, Middle Japan. Publ Seto Mar Biol Lab 40: 141-158 [A posthumous publication submitted by Prof. Fumio Iwata]
277. Yin Z, Shi J, Li N (1988) A preliminary study of the intertidal nemerteans along the coast of Shandong Province. Mar Sci Bull 1: 68-74