Ribbon worm relationships: A phylogeny of the phylum nemertea

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 270, Issue 1513, 2003, Pages 407-415

  Thollesson, Mikael ^a,b   Norenburg, Jon L ^a  

^a DEPARTMENT OF PALEOBIOLOGY   (United States)

^b UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Bayesian analysis; DNA sequence data; Phylogenetic analysis; Phylogenetic taxonomy; Spiralians

Indexed keywords

BAYESIAN ANALYSIS; PHYLOGENETICS; PHYLOGENY; TAXONOMY;

ARTICLE; CLADISTICS; GENE SEQUENCE; NEMERTEA; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TAXONOMY; WORM;

BDELLONEMERTEA; CRATENEMERTIDAE; HETERONEMERTEA; HOPLONEMERTEA; HUBRECHTELLA; MALACOBDELLA; MONOSTILIFERA; NEMERTEA; SPIRALIA;

EID: 0037460766     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2254     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Brinkmann, A. 1917 Die pelagischen Nemertinen. Bergens Mus. Skr. 3, 1-194.
2. Bürger, O. 1895 Nemertinen. Flora und Fauna des Golfes von Neapel 22, 1-743.
3. Cantell, C. E. 1969 Morphology, development, and biology of the pilidium larvae (Nemertini) from the Swedish west coast. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 38, 61-111.
4. Colgan, D. J., Ponder, W. F. & Eggler, P. E. 2000 Gastropod evolutionary rates and phylogenetic relationships assessed using partial 28S rDNA and histone H3 sequences. Zool. Scripta 29, 29-63.
5. Crandall, F. B. 1993 Major characters and enoplan systematics. Hydrobiologia 266, 115-140.
6. de Queiroz, K. & Gauthier, J. 1990 Phylogeny as a central principle in taxonomy: phylogenetic definitions of taxon names. Syst. Zool. 39, 307-322.
7. de Queiroz, K. & Gauthier, J. 1992 Phylogenetic taxonomy. A. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23, 449-480.
8. Envall, M. & Sundberg, P. 1998 Phylogenetic relationships and genetic distances between some monostiliferous interstitial nemerteans (Ototyphlonemertes, Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) indicated from the 16S rRNA gene. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 123, 105-115.
9. Erber, A., Riemer, D., Bovenschulte, M. & Weber, K. 1998 Molecular phylogeny of metazoan intermediate filament proteins. J. Mol. Evol. 47, 751-762.
10. Felsenstein, J. 1985 Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39, 783-791.
11. Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. 1994 DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotech. 3, 294-299.
12. Friedrich, H. 1935 Studien zur Morphologie, Systematik und Ökologie der Nemertinen der Kieler Bucht. Arch. Naturges. 4, 293-375.
13. Friedrich, H. 1936 Nemertini. Tierwelt Nord- und Ostsee IVd, 1-69.
14. Gibson, R. 1982 Nemertea. In Synopsis and classification of living organisms (ed. S. P. Parker), pp. 823-946. New York: McGraw-Hill.
15. Gibson, R. 1985 The need for a standard approach to taxonomic descriptions of nemerteans. Am. Zool. 25, 5-14.
16. Gibson, R. 1988 Evolutionary relationships between mono-and polystiliferous hoplonemerteans: Nipponnemertes (Cratenemertidae), a 'missing link' genus? Hydrobiologia 156, 61-74.
17. Gibson, R. 1995 Nemertean species and genera of the world: an annotated check-list of original names and description citations, synonyms, current taxonomic status, habitats and recorded zoogeographic distribution. J. Nat. Hist. 29, 271-562.
18. Giribet, G. G., Distel, D. L., Polz, M., Sterrer, W. & Wheeler, W. C. 2000 Triploblastic relationships with emphasis on the Acoelomates and the position of Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora, Plathelminthes and Chaetognatha: a combined approach of 18S rDNA sequences and morphology. Syst. Biol. 49, 539-562.
19. Guttell, R. R., Gray, M. W. & Schnare, M. N. 1993 A compilation of large subunit (23S and 23S-like) ribosomal RNA structures: 1993. Nucleic Acids Res. 21, 3055-3074.
20. Härlin, M. & Härlin, C. 2001 Phylogeny of the eureptantic nemerteans revisited. Zool. Scripta 30, 49-58.
21. Härlin, M. S. & Sundberg, P. 1995 Cladistic analysis of the eureptantic nemerteans (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea). Invertebr. Taxonomy 9, 1211-1229.
22. Higgins, D. G., Bleasby, A. J. & Fuchs, R. 1992 CLUSTAL V: improved software for multiple sequence alignment. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 8, 189-191.
23. Hillis, D. M. & Dixon, M. T. 1991 Ribosomal DNA: molecular evolution and phylogenetic inference. Q. Rev. Biol. 66, 411-453.
24. Hubrecht, A. A. W. 1879 The genera of European nemerteans critically revised with descriptions of several new species. Notes R. Zool. Mus. Leyden 1, 193-232.
25. Huelsenbeck, J. P. & Crandall, K. A. 1997 Phylogeny estimation and hypothesis testing using maximum likelihood. A. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 28, 437-466.
26. Huelsenbeck, J. P. & Ronquist, F. 2001 MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17, 754-755.
27. Hylbom, R. 1957 Studies on palaeonemerteans of the Gullmar Fiord area (West Coast of Sweden). Ark. Zool. 10, 539-582 and plates 1-9.
28. Hyman, L. H. 1951 The invertebrates II. Platyhelminthes and Rhyncocoela. New York: McGraw-Hill.
29. Iwata, F. 1960 Studies on the comparative embryology of nemerteans with special reference to their interrelationships. Sapporo, Japan: Akkeshi Marine Biological Station.
30. Kozloff, E. N. 1991 Malacobdella siliquae sp. nov. and Malacobdella macomae sp. nov., commensal nemerteans from bivalve molluscs on the Pacific coast of North America. Can. J. Zool. 69, 1612-1618.
31. Littlewood, D. T. 1994 Molecular phylogenetics of cupped oysters based on partial 28S rRNA gene sequences. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 3, 221-229.
32. Morell, V. 1996 TREEBASE: the roots of phylogeny. Science 273, 569.
33. Nixon, K. C. & Carpenter, J. M. 1993 On outgroups. Cladistics 9, 413-426.
34. Norenburg, J. 1985 Structure of the nemertine integument with consideration of its ecological and phylogenetic significance. Am. Zool. 25, 37-51.
35. Norenburg, J. L. 1988 Remarks on marine interstitial nemerteans and key to the species. Hydrobiologia 156, 87-92.
36. Palumbi, S., Martin, A., Romano, S., McMillan, W. O., Stice, L. & Grabowski, G. 1991 The simple fools guide to PCR, v. 2.0. Honolulu, HL: Department of Zoology and Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii.
37. Posada, D. & Crandall, K. A. 1998 MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14, 817-818.
38. Riser, N. W. 1991 New Zealand nemertines from kelp holdfasts: Heteronemertinea. II. Notospermus geniculatus (Delle Chiaje, 1828) n. comb. N.Z. J. Zool. 18, 427-438.
39. Riser, N. W. 1993 Observations on the morphology of some North American nemertines with consequent taxonomic changes and a reassessment of the architectonics of the phylum. Hydrobiologia 266, 141-156.
40. Riser, N. W. 1994 The morphology and the generic relationships of some fissiparous heteronemertines. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 107, 548-556.
41. Riser, N. W. 1998 The morphology of Micrura leidyi (Verrill, 1892) with a consequent systematic revaluation. Hydrobiologia 365, 149-156.
42. Sanderson, M. J., Donoghue, M. J., Piel, W. & Eriksson, T. 1994 TREEBASE: a prototype database of phylogenetic analyses and an interactive tool for browsing the phylogeny of life. Am. J. Bot. 81, 183.
43. Schander, C. & Thollesson, M. 1995 Phylogenetic taxonomy: some comments. Zool. Scripta 24, 263-268.
44. Schultze, M. S. 1851 Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Turbellarien. Greifswald, Germany: C. A. Koch.
45. Senz, W. 1997 Über die phylogenetische Herkunft und systematische Stellung der Gattung Malacobdella BLAINVILLE, 1827 (Nemertini, Bdellonemertini). Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften-Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Sitzungsberichte Abteilung I 204, 39-62.
46. Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G. 1923 On Brinkmann's system of the nemertean enopla and Siboganemertes weberi, n.g., n. sp. Q. J. Microscopical Sci. 67, 627-669.
47. Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G. 1936 Die Polystilifera der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Expeditie 22, 1-214.
48. Sundberg, P. 1990 Gibson's reclassification of the enoplan nemerteans (Enopla, Nemertea): a critique and cladistic analysis. Zool. Scripta 19, 133-140.
49. Sundberg, P. 1993 Phylogeny, natural groups and nemertean classification. Hydrobiologia 266, 103-113.
50. Sundberg, P. & Hylbom, R. 1994 Phylogeny of the nemertean subclass Palaeonemertea (Anopla, Nemertea). Cladistics 10, 347-402.
51. Sundberg, P. & Saur, M. 1998 Molecular phylogeny of some European heteronemertean (Nemertea) species and the monophyletic status of Riseriellus, Lineus, and Micrura. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 10, 271-280.
52. Sundberg, P. & Svensson, M. 1994 Homoplasy, character function, and nemertean systematics. J. Zool. (Lond.) 234, 253-263.
53. Sundberg, P., Turbeville, J. M. & Härlin, M. S. 1998 There is no support for Jensen's hypothesis of nemerteans as ancestors to the vertebrates. Hydrobiologia 365, 47-54.
54. Sundberg, P., Turbeville, J. M. & Lindh, S. 2001 Phylogenetic relationships among higher nemertean (Nemertea) taxa inferred from 18S rDNA sequences. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 20, 327-334.
55. Swofford, D. L. 2000 PAUP*, phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), v. 4 for Apple Macintosh, Intel, Linux and SGI/Irix. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer.
56. Thollesson, M. 2000 Increasing fidelity in parsimony analysis of dorid nudibranchs by differential weighting, or a tale of two genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 16, 161-172.
57. Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J. 1994 CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 4673-4680.
58. Turbeville, J. M. 1986 An ultrastructural analysis of coelomogenesis in the Hoplonemertine Prosorhochmus americanus and the Polychaete Magelona sp. J. Morphol. 187, 51-60.
59. Turbeville, J. M. 1991 Nemertinea. In Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates, vol. 3 Platyhelminthes and Nementinea (ed. F. W. Harrison & B. J. Bagitsch), pp. 285-328. New York: Wiley-Liss Inc.
60. Turbeville, J. M., Field, K. G. & Raff, R. A. 1992 Phylogenetic position of phylum Nemertini, inferred from 18S rRNA sequences: molecular data as a test of morphological character homology. Mol. Biol. Evol. 9, 235-249.
61. Winnepenninckx, B., Backeljau, T. & De Wachter, R. 1993 Extraction of high molecular weight DNA from molluscs. Trends Genet. 9, 407.
62. Zrzavý, J., Mihulka, S., Kepka, P., Bezdek, A. & Tietz, D. 1998 Phylogeny of the Metazoa based on morphological and 18S ribosomal DNA evidence. Cladistics 14, 249-285.