ZnO layers deposited by the ion layer gas reaction on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 thin film solar cell absorbers - Impact of 'damp-heat' conditions on the layer properties

Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 187-198

  Bar M ^a,d   Reichardt, J ^a,e   Sieber, I ^a   Grimm, A ^a   Kotschau I ^a   Lauermann, I ^a   Sokoll, S ^a   Niesen, T P ^b   Lux Steiner, M C ^a,c   Fischer, Ch H ^a,c  

^a HAHN MEITNER INSTITUT   (Germany)

^b SHELL GLOBAL SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL B V   (United States)

^c FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cd free; Chalcopyrite thin film solar cell; Damp Heat

Indexed keywords

DAMPING; DEPOSITION; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; STABILITY; THIN FILMS; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; ZINC OXIDE;

CHALCOPYRITE THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS; DAMP-HEAT; ION LAYER GAS REACTION (ILGAR); SOLAR CELL ABSORBERS; WINDOW EXTENSION LAYER (WEL);

SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 34247167643     PISSN: 10627995     EISSN: 1099159X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pip.724     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. 2 thin film solar cell absorbers - Morphology, growth mechanism and composition. J. Appl. Phys., in press.
2. 2 solar cells. Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2005; 13: 209.
3. 2 heterojunction. Thin Solid Films 2003; 431-432: 272.
4. 2 thin-film solar cells fabricated using chemical bath deposition (CBD)-ZnS buffer layers. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2002; 41: L165.
5. Bhattacharya RN, Contreras MA, Teeter G. 18.5% copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) device using single-layer, chemical-bath-deposited ZnS(O,OH). Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2004; 43: L1475.
6. 2-based thin-film modules. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2003; 75: 171.
7. Contreras MA, Nakada T, Kongo M, Pudov AO, Sites JR. ZnO/ZnS(O,OH)/Cu(In, Ga)Se/sub 2//Mo solar cell with 18.6% efficiency, Proceedings of 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC-3), Osaka, Japan, 2003; 570.
8. 2 thin-film solar cells and mini-modules with Zn(S,O) buffer layers prepared by an alternative chemical bath process. Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl., in press.
9. 2 solar cells. Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. 2005; 13: 607.
10. 2/ZnO devices using ALD ZnO buffer layers. Thin Solid Films 2003; 431-432: 321.
11. 3 buffer layer by ALCVD. Thin Solid Films 2003; 431-432: 359.
12. Bär M, Fischer Ch-H, Muffler H-J, Zweigart S, Karg F, Lux Steiner MC. Replacement of the CBD-CdS buffer and the sputtered i-ZnO layer by an ILGAR-ZnO WEL: optimization of the WEL deposition. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2003; 75: 101.
13. Möller J, Fischer Ch.-H, Muffler H.-J, Könenkamp R, Kaiser I, Kelch C, Lux-Steiner M.C. A novel deposition technique for compound semiconductors on highly porous substrates: ILGAR, Thin Solid Films 2000; 361-362: 113.
14. Muffler H-J, Fischer Ch-H, Diesner K, Lux-Steiner MC. ILGAR-a novel thin-film technology for sulfldes. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2001; 67: 121.
15. Bär M, Muffler H-J, Fischer Ch-H, Lux-Steiner MC. ILGAR technology IV: ILGAR thin film technology extended to metal oxides. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2001; 67: 113.
16. Bär M, Fischer Ch-H, Muffler H-J, Leupolt B, Niesen ThP, Karg F, Lux-Steiner MC. High efficiency chalcopyrite solar cells with ILGAR-ZnO WEL-device characteristics subject to the WEL composition, Proceedings of 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), New Orleans, USA, 20-24 May 2002; 636.
17. Fischer Ch-H, Muffler H-J, Bär M, Fiechter S, Leupolt B, Lux-Steiner MC. Ion layer gas reaction (ILGAR)-conversion, thermodynamic considerations and related FTIR analyses. J. Cryst. Growth 2002; 241: 151.
18. Strub E, Bär M, Bohne W, Fischer Ch-H, Leupolt B, Lindner S, Röhrich J, Schöneich B. Intensity calibration of an FT-IR spectrometer by heavy-ion ERDA. Nucl. Instrum and Methods B 2004; 219-220: 499.
19. 2 based submodule process robustness, Proceedings of 25th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Washington, D.C., USA, 13-17 May 1996; 813.
20. Ramanathan K, Keane J, Noufi R. Properties of high-efficiency CIGS thin-film solar cells, Proceedings of 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Lake Buena Vista, USA, January 3-7 2005; 195.
21. 2 solar cells, Proceedings of 25th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Washington, D.C., USA, 13-17 May 1996; 825.
22. Bär M, Rusu M, Reiß J, Glatzel T, Sadewasser S, Bohne W, Strub E, Muffler H-J, Lindner S, Röhrich J, Niesen TP, Karg F, Lux-Steiner MC, Fischer Ch-H. Insights into the degradation mechanisms of CIGSSe devices based on different heterojunctions, Proceedings of 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC), Osaka, Japan, 11-18 May, 2003; 335.
23. Probst V, Palm J, Visbeck S, Niesen T, Tolle R, Lerchenberger A, Wendl M, Vogt H, Calwer H, Stetter W, Karg F. Techn. Digest 14th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference (PVSEC), Bangkok, Thailand, 26-30 January 2004; 663.
24. Ramanathan K, Bhattacharya RN, Granata J, Webb J, Niles D, Contreras MA, Wiesner H, Hasoon FS, Noufi R. Advances in the CIS research at NREL, Proceedings of 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Anaheim, USA, 1997; 319.
25. Bär M, Muffler H-J, Fischer Ch-H, Zweigart S, Karg F, Lux-Steiner MC. ILGAR-ZnO window extension layer: an adequate substitution of the conventional CBD-CdS buffer in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)/sub 2/-based solar cells with superior device performance, Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. 2002; 10: 173.
26. 2 absorbers formed by rapid thermal processing of elemental precursors: analysis of thin film formation and implementation of a large area industrial process, MRS proceedings 2003; 763: B6.8.1. and Refs. Therein.
27. Bär M. Novel Cd-free window structure for chalcopyrite-based thin film solar cells, http://edocs.tu-berlin.de/diss/2003/baer_marcus.pdf, PhD-Thesis, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 2003.
28. Briggs D, Seah MP. Practical Surface Analysis by Auger and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. John Wiley: New York, 1983.
29. 2: impact on the properties of ZnO layers deposited by the ion layer gas reaction method. J. Appl. Phys. 2005; 97: 014905.
30. 2 thin-film solar cell absorbers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003; 82: 571.
31. 2/ interface before and after damp heat treatment, Proceedings of 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC), Osaka, Japan, May 11-18, 523 2003.
32. Bohne W, Lindner S, Röhrich J. Study of In diffusion into ZnSe buffer-layer material of chalcopyrite solar cells with rough surfaces by means of ERDA measurements. Nucl. Instr. Methods B 2002; 188: 55.
33. Lindner S, Bohne W, Jäger-Waldau A, Lux-Steiner MCh, Röhich J, Vogl G. Investigations of atomic diffusion at CIGSSe/ZnSe interfaces with heavy ion elastic recoil detection analysis (HI-ERDA). Thin Solid Films 2002; 403-404: 432.
34. Bär M, Reichardt J, Grimm A, Kötschau I, Lauermann I, Rahne K, Sokoll S, Lux-Steiner MC, Fischer Ch-H, Weinhardt L, Umbach E, Heske C, Jung C, Niesen TP, Visbeck S. Zn(O,OH) layers in chalcopyrite thin-film solar cells: valence-band maximum versus composition. J. Appl. Phys. 2005; 98: 053702.
35. Fischer Ch-H, Bär M, Glatzel Th, Lauermann I, Lux-Steiner MC. Interface engineering in chalcopyrite thin film solar devices. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2006; 90: 1471.