Multiscale mountain waves influencing a major orographic precipitation event

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 64, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 711-737

  Garvert, Matthew F ^a   Smull, Bradley ^a   Mass, Cliff ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYERS; CLOUDS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DOPPLER RADAR; RADAR TRACKING; WIND EFFECTS;

CLOUD LIQUID WATER; MOUNTAIN WAVES; OROGRAPHIC RAINFALL; QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECAST; ZONAL FLOW;

PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY);

BOUNDARY LAYERS; CLOUDS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DOPPLER RADAR; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); RADAR TRACKING; WIND EFFECTS;

AIRBORNE SENSING; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; ATMOSPHERIC WAVE; DOPPLER RADAR; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY; MOUNTAIN; NOAA SATELLITE; OROGRAPHIC EFFECT; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); TERRAIN; WAVE PROPAGATION; ZONAL WIND;

CASCADE RANGE; NORTH AMERICA; OREGON; UNITED STATES;

EID: 34147171158     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS3876.1     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Benjamin, S. O., and N. L. Seaman, 1985: A simple scheme for objective analysis in curved flow. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1184-1198.
2. Bousquet, O., and B. F. Smull, 2003a: Airflow and precipitation fields within deep Alpine valleys observed by airborne Doppler radar. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 1497-1513.
3. Bousquet, O., and B. F. Smull, 2003b: Observations and impacts of upstream blocking during a widespread orographic precipitation event. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 391-409.
4. Bruintjes, R. T., T. Clark, and W. D. Hall, 1994: Interactions between topopgraphic airflow and cloud/precipitation development during passage of a winter storm in Arizona. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 275-285.
5. Cairns, M. M., and J. Corey, 2003: Mesoscale model simulations of high-wind events in the complex terrain of western Nevada. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 249-263.
6. Colle, B., 2004: Sensitivity of orographic precipitation to changing ambient conditions and terrain geometries: An idealized modeling perspective. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 588-606.
7. Colle, B., and C. F. Mass, 1996: An observational and modeling study of the interaction of low-level southwesterly flow with the Olympic Mountains during COAST IOP 4. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2152-2175.
8. Colle, B., and C. F. Mass, 2000: The 5-9 February 1996 flooding event over the Pacific Northwest: Sensitivity studies and evaluation of the MM5 precipitation forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 593-617.
9. Colle, B., and Y. Zeng, 2004a: Bulk microphysical sensitivities within the MM5 for orographic precipitation. Part I: The Sierra 1986 event. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 2780-2801.
10. Colle, B., and Y. Zeng, 2004b: Bulk microphysical sensitivities within the MM5 for orographic precipitation. Part II: Impact of barrier width and freezing level. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 2802-2815.
11. Colle, B., K. Westrick, and C. F. Mass, 1999: Evaluation of MM5 and Eta-10 precipitation forecasts over the Pacific Northwest during the cool season. Wea. Forecasting, 14, 137-154.
12. Colle, B., K, Westrick, and C. F. Mass, 2000: MM5 precipitation verification over the Pacific Northwest during, the 1997-99 cool season. Wea. Forecasting, 15, 730-744.
13. Colle, B., M. F. Garvert, and J. Wolfe, 2005: Simulations of the 13-14 December 2001 IMPROVE-2 event. Part III: Microphysical budgets and sensitivities. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3535-3558.
14. Cox, J., J. Steenburgh, D. E. Kingsmill, J. C. Shafer, B. A. Colle, O. Bousquet, B. F. Smull, and H. Cai, 2005: The kinematic structure of a Wasatch mountain winter storm during IPEX IOP3. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 521-542.
15. Doyle, J. D., and Coauthors, 2000: An intercomparison of model-predicted wave breaking for the 11 January 1972 Boulder windstorm. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 901-914.
16. Durran, D., 2003: Lee waves and mountain waves. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Science, Elsevier Science Ltd., 1161-1170.
17. Durran, D., and J. Klemp, 1982: On the effects of moisture on the Brunt-Väisälä frequency. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2152-2158.
18. Einaudi, F., and D. Lalas, 1973: The propagation of acoustic gravity waves in a moist atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 365-376.
19. Frush, C. L., P. H. Hildebrand, and C. Walther, 1986: The NCAR airborne Doppler radar. Part II: System design considerations. Preprints, 23d Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Snow-mass, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 151-154.
20. Garvert, M. F., B. Colle, and C. Mass, 2005a: The 13-14 December 2001 IMPROVE-2 event. Part I: Synoptic and mesoscale evolution and comparison with a mesoscale model simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3474-3492.
21. Garvert, M. F., C. Woods, B. Colle, C. Mass, and P. Hobbs, 2005b: The 13-14 December 2001 IMPROVE-2 event. Part II: Evaluation of cloud and precipitation structures in the MM5 model simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3520-3534.
22. Grell, G. A., 1993: Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 764-787.
23. Hildebrand, P. H., 1998: Shear-parallel moist convection over the tropical ocean: A case study from 18 February 1993 TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1952-1976.
24. Hong, S.-Y., and H.-L. Pan, 1996: Nonlocal boundary layer vertical diffusion in a medium-range forecast model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2322-2339.
25. Houze, R., and S. Medina, 2005: Turbulence as a mechanism for orographic precipitation enhancement. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3599-3623.
26. Janjic, Z. I., 1990: The step-mountain coordinate: Physical package. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1429-1443.
27. Janjic, Z. I., 1994: The step-mountain Eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes. Mon. Wea Rev., 122, 927-945.
28. Jorgensen, D. P., and B. F. Smull, 1993: Mesovortex circulations seen by airborne Doppler radar within a bow-echo mesoscale convective system. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 2146-2157.
29. Leise, J., 1982: A multi-dimensional, scale-telescoped filter and data extension package. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL WPL-82, 20 pp. [Available from NOAA/ETL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303.]
30. Marwitz, J. D., 1987a: Deep orographic storms over the Sierra Nevada. Part I: Thermodynamic and kinematic structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 159-173.
31. Marwitz, J. D., 1987b: Deep orographic storms over the Sierra Nevada. Part II: The precipitation processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 174-185.
32. Medina, S., and R. Houze, 2003: Air motions and precipitation growth in alpine storms. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 345-371.
33. Medina, S., B. Smull, R. Houze, and M. Steiner, 2005: Cross-barrier flow during orographic precipitation events: Results from MAP and IMPROVE. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3580-3598.
34. Noh, Y., W. G. Cheon, S. Y. Hong, and S. Raasch, 2003: Improvement of the K-profile model for the planetary boundary layer based on large eddy simulation data. Bound-Layer Meteor., 107, 401-427.
35. Peng, M. S., and W. T. Thompson, 2003: Some aspects of the effect of surface friction on flows over mountains. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 2527-2557.
36. Rauber, R., 1992: Microphysical structure and evolution of a central Sierra Nevada orographic cloud system. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 3-24.
37. Ray, P., C. Ziegler, W. Bumgarner, and R. Serafin, 1980: Single and multiple Doppler radar observations of tornadic storms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1607-1625.
38. Rotunno, R., and R. Ferretti, 2001: Mechanisms of intense Alpine rainfall. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1732-1749.
39. Smith, R. B., 1979: The influence of mountains on the atmosphere. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 21, Academic Press, 135-137.
40. Smith, R. B., 1980: Linear theory of stratified hydrostatic flow past an isolated mountain. Tellus, 32, 348-364.
41. Smith, R. B., 1989: Hydrostatic airflow over mountains. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 31, Academic Press, 1-41.
42. Smith, R. B., I. Barstad, and L. Bonneau, 2005: Orographic precipitation and Oregon's climate transition. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 177-191.
43. Stauffer, D. R., and N. L. Seaman, 1990: Use of four-dimensional data assimilation in a limited-area mesoscale model. Part I: Experiments with synoptic scale data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1250-1277.
44. Stauffer, D. R., N. L. Seaman, and F. S. Binkowski, 1991: Use of four-dimensional data assimilation in a limited-area mesoscale model. Part II: Effects of data assimilation within the planetary bounday layer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 734-754.
45. Steenburgh, J., and C. Mass, 1996: Interaction of an intense extratropical cyclone with coastal orography. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1329-1352.
46. Stoelinga, M., and Coauthors, 2003: Improvement of microphysical parameterizations through observational verification experiments IMPROVE. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 1807-1826.
47. Thompson, G., R. M. Rasmussen, and K. Manning, 2004: Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part I: Description and sensitivity analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 519-542.
48. Woods, C., M. T. Stoelinga, J. D. Locatelli, and P. V. Hobbs, 2005: Cloud structures and microphysical processes during the 13 December 2001 IMPROVE-2 event. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3493-3519.
49. Yu, C. K., and B. F. Smull, 2000: Airborne observations of a landfalling cold front upstream of steep coastal orography. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 1577-1603.