The 13-14 December 2001 IMPROVE-2 event. Part III: Simulated microphysical budgets and sensitivity studies

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 62, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 3535-3558

  Colle, Brian A ^a   Garvert, Matthew F ^b   Wolfe, Justin B ^a   Mass, Clifford F ^b   Woods, Christopher P ^b  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONDENSATION; RAIN; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SNOW; WEATHER FORECASTING;

MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION FORECAST; WATER VAPOR LOSS; WINDWARD SURFACE PRECIPITATION;

PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY);

CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CLOUD WATER; NUMERICAL MODEL; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 27744544149     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS3552.1     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Benjamin, S. G., and N. L. Seaman, 1985: A simple scheme for objective analysis in curved flow. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1184-1198.
2. Berry, E. X., and R. L. Reinhardt, 1974: An analysis of cloud drop growth by collection. Part IV: A new parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 2127-2135.
3. Brown, P. R. A., and H. A. Swann, 1997: Evaluation of key microphysical parameters in three-dimensional cloud-model simulation using aircraft and multiparameter radar data. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 2245-2275.
4. Bruintjes, R. T., T. L. Clark, and W. D. Hall, 1994: Interactions between topographic airflow and cloud/precipitation development during the passage of a winter storm in Arizona. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 48-67.
5. Burrows, D. A., 1992: Evaluation of a two-dimensional kinematic cloud model using data from a central Sierra Nevada orographic cloud system. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 51-63.
6. Colle, B. A., 2004: Sensitivity of orographic precipitation to changing ambient conditions and terrain geometries: An idealized modeling perspective. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 588-606.
7. Colle, B. A., and C. F. Mass, 2000: The 5-9 February 1996 flooding event over the Pacific Northwest: Sensitivity studies and evaluation of the MM5 precipitation forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 593-617.
8. Colle, B. A., and Y. Zeng, 2004a: Bulk microphysical sensitivities and pathways within the MM5 for orographic precipitation. Part I: The Sierra 1986 event. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 2780-2801.
9. Colle, B. A., and Y. Zeng, 2004b: Bulk microphysical sensitivities and pathways within the MM5 for orographic precipitation. Part II: Impact of different bulk schemes, barrier width, and freezing level. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 2802-2815.
10. Colle, B. A., K. J. Westrick, and C. F. Mass, 1999: Evaluation of the MM5 and Eta-10 precipitation forecasts over the Pacific Northwest during the cool season. Wea. Forecasting, 14, 137-154.
11. Colle, B. A., C. F. Mass, and K. J. Westrick, 2000: MM5 precipitation verification over the Pacific Northwest during the 1997-1999 cool seasons. Wea. Forecasting, 15, 730-744.
12. Colle, B. A., J. B. Olson, and J. S. Tongue, 2003: Multi-season verification of the MM5. Part II: Evaluation of high resolution precipitation forecasts over the northeast U.S. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 458-480.
13. Cox, G. P., 1988: Modeling precipitation in frontal rainbands. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 115-127.
14. Cox, J. A. W., W. J. Steenburgh, D. E. Kingsmill, J. C. Shafer B. A. Colle, O. Bousquet, B. F. Smull, and H. Cai, 2005: The kinematic structure of a Wasatch Mountain winter storm during IPEX IOP3. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 521-542.
15. Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107.
16. Ferrier, B. S., 1994: A double-moment, multiple-phase, four-class bulk ice scheme. Part I: Description. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 249-280.
17. Fletcher, N. H., 1962: Physics of Rain Clouds. Cambridge University Press, 386 pp.
18. Garvert, M. F., B. A. Colle, and C. F. Mass, 2005a: The 13-14 December 2001 IMPROVE-2 event. Part I: Synoptic and mesoscale evolution and comparison with a mesoscale model simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3474-3492.
19. Garvert, M. F., C. P. Woods, B. A. Colle, C. F. Mass, P. V. Hobbs, M. P. Stoelinga, and J. B. Wolfe, 2005b: The 13-14 December 2001 IMPROVE-2 event. Part II: Comparison of MM5 model simulations of clouds and precipitation with observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3520-3534.
20. Grell, G. A., 1993: Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 764-787.
21. Grell, G. A., J. Dudhia, and D. R. Stauffer, 1994: A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-398+STR, 138 pp. [Available from National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307.]
22. Hallett, M. F., and S. C. Mossop, 1974: Production of secondary ice particles during the riming process. Nature, 249, 26-28.
23. Hong, S.-Y., and H.-L. Pan, 1996: Nonlocal boundary layer vertical diffusion in a medium-range forecast model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2322-2339.
24. Houze, R. A., Jr., P. V. Hobbs, and P. H. Herzegh, 1979: Size distributions of precipitation particles in frontal clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 156-162.
25. Hsie, E. Y., R. A. Anthes, and D. Keyser, 1984: Numerical simulation of frontogenesis in a moist atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2581-2594.
26. Kessler, E., 1969: On the Distribution and Continuity of Water Substance in Atmospheric Circulations. Meteor. Monogr., No. 32, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84 pp.
27. Lin, Y. L., R. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
28. Locatelli, J. D., and P. V. Hobbs, 1974: Fall speeds and masses of solid precipitation particles. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2185-2197.
29. Medina, S., and R. A. Houze Jr., 2003: Air motions and precipitation growth in Alpine storms. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 345-371.
30. Medina, S., B. R. Smull, and R. A. Houze Jr., 2005: Cross-barrier flow during orographic precipitation events: Results from MAP and IMPROVE. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3580-3598.
31. Meyers, M. P., and W. R. Cotton, 1992: Evaluation of the potential for wintertime quantitative precipitation forecasting over mountainous terrain with an explicit cloud model. Part I: Two-dimensional sensitivity experiments. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 26-50.
32. Meyers, M. P., P. J. DeMott, and W. R. Cotton, 1992: New primary ice-nucleation parameterization in an explicit cloud model. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 708-721.
33. Murakami, M., 1990: Numerical modeling of dynamical and microphysical evolution of an isolated convective cloud - The 19 July 1981 CCOPE cloud. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 68, 107-128.
34. Rasmussen, R. M., and Coauthors, 1992: Winter Icing and Storm Projects (WISP). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 951-974.
35. Rasmussen, R. M., I. Geresdi, G. Thompson, K. Manning, and E. Karplus, 2002: Freezing drizzle formation in stably stratified layer clouds: The role of radiative cooling of cloud droplets, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice initiation. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 837-860.
36. Rauber, R. M., 1992: Microphysical structure and evolution of a Sierra Nevada shallow orographic cloud system. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 3-24.
37. Reisner, J., R. M. Rasmussen, and R. T. Bruintjes, 1998: Explicit forecasting of supercooled liquid water in winter storm using the MM5 mesoscale model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 1071-1107.
38. Reynolds, D. W., and A. S. Dennis, 1986: A review of the Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 67, 513-523.
39. Rotunno, R., and R. Ferretti, 2001: Mechanisms of intense Alpine rainfall. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1732-1749.
40. Rutledge, S. A., and P. V. Hobbs, 1983: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in mid-latitude cyclones: A model for the "seeder-feeder" process in warm-frontal rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1185-1206.
41. Smith, R. B., and I. Barstad, 2004: A linear theory of orographic precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1377-1391.
42. Stauffer, D. R., and N. L. Seaman, 1990: Use of four-dimensional data assimilation in a limited area mesoscale model. Part I: Experiments with synoptic-scale data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1250-1277.
43. Stauffer, D. R., N. L. Seaman, and F. S. Binkowski, 1991: Use of four-dimensional data assimilation in a limited-area mesoscale model. Part II: Effects of data assimilation within the planetary boundary layer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 734-754.
44. Stoelinga, M., and Coauthors, 2003: Improvement of Microphysical Parameterization through Observational Verification Experiments. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 1807-1826.
45. Thompson, G., R. M. Rasmussen, and K. Manning, 2004: Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part I: Description and sensitivity analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 519-542.
46. Woods, C. P., M. T. Stoelinga, J. D. Locatelli, and P. V. Hobbs, 2005: Microphysical processes and synergistic interaction between frontal and orographic forcing of precipitation during the 13 December 2001 IMPROVE-2 event over the Oregon Cascades. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3493-3519.