Biofilms in ear, nose, and throat infections: How important are they?

Laryngoscope

Volumn 117, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 668-673

  Vlastarakos, Petros V ^a,c   Nikolopoulos, Thomas P ^b   Maragoudakis, Paul ^b   Tzagaroulakis, Antonios ^b   Ferekidis, Eleftherios ^a  

^a HIPPOKRATION HOSPITAL   (Greece)

^b NATIONAL AND KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^c NONE   (Greece)

Author keywords

Bacteria; Biofilms; Chronic rhinosinusitis; Infections; Otitis media with effusion

Indexed keywords

BETA LACTAM; CLARITHROMYCIN; ENDOTOXIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

BACTERIOPLANKTON; BACTERIUM; BIOFILM; CHOLESTEATOMA; COCHLEA PROSTHESIS; DEBRIDEMENT; EAR INFECTION; EAR NOSE THROAT DISEASE; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; MICROBIAL COLONIZATION; NONHUMAN; NOSE INFECTION; OTITIS MEDIA; OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICAL INFECTION; PHARYNGITIS; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUORUM SENSING; REVIEW;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; BIOFILMS; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLARITHROMYCIN; COCHLEAR IMPLANTS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; ERYTHROMYCIN; FOREIGN BODIES; HUMANS; MIDDLE EAR VENTILATION; OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION; PHARYNX; PHENOTYPE; PROSTHESIS-RELATED INFECTIONS; SINUSITIS;

EID: 34147116126     PISSN: 0023852X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MLG.0b013e318030e422     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Nixon IJ, Bingham BJ. The impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on ENT practice. J Laryngol Otol 2006;15;120:713-717.
2. Brook I. Antibiotic resistance of oral anaerobic bacteria and their effect on the management of upper respiratory tract and head and neck infections. Semin Respir Infect 2002;17:195-203.
3. Geslin P, Fremaux A. Changes in the sensitivity of pneumococci to antibiotics. Therapeutic consequences. Rev Mal Respir 1992;9:R39-R43.
4. Palmer JN. Bacterial biofilms: do they play a role in chronic sinusitis? Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2005; 38:1193-1201.
5. Hall-Stoodley L, Costerton JW, Stoodley P. Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004;2:95-108.
6. Costerton JW, Montanaro L, Arciola CR. Biofilm in implant infections: its production and regulation. Int J Artif Organs 2004;28:1062-1068.
7. Ferguson BJ, Stolz DB. Demonstration of biofilm in human bacterial chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol 2005;19:452-457.
8. Characklis WG, Mc Feters GA, Marshall KC. Physiological ecology in biofilm systems. In: Characklis WG, Marshall KC, eds. Biofilms. New York: John Willey & Sons, 1990:341-394.
9. Costerton JW, Cheng KJ, Geesey GG, et al. Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu Rev Microbiol 1987;41:435-464.
10. Donlan RM, Costerton JW. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15:167-193.
11. Bendinger B, Rijnaarts HH, Altendorf K, Zehnder AJB. Physicochemical cell surface and adhesive properties of coryneform bacteria related to the presence and chain length of mycoid acids. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993;59:3973-3977.
12. Pringle JH, Fletcher M. Influence of substratum wettability on attachment of freshwater bacteria to solid surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983;45:811-817.
13. Fletcher M, Loeb GI. Influence of substratum characteristics on the attachment of a marine pseudomonad to solid surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 1979;37:67-72.
14. Donlan RM. Biofilms: microbial life on surfaces. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:881-890.
15. Costerton JW, Lewandowski Z, Caldwell DE, et al. Microbial biofilms. Annu Rev Microbiol 1995;49:711-745.
16. Schurr MJ, Martin DW, Mudd MH, Deretic V. Gene cluster controlling conversion to alginate-overproducing phenotype in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: functional analysis in a heterologous host and role in the instability of mucoidy. J Bacteriol 1994;176:3375-3382.
17. Sauer K, Camper AK, Ehrlich GD, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa displays multiple phenotypes during development as a biofilm. J Bacteriol 2002;184:1140-1154.
18. Pulcini E. The effects of initial adhesion events on the physiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PhD dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University, 2001. [Quoted in: Donlan RM. Biofilms: microbial life on surfaces. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:881-890.]
19. Whitely M, Bangera MG, Bumgarner RE, et al. Gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Nature 2001;413:860-864.
20. Davies DG, Parsek MR, Pearson JP, et al. The involvement of cell-to-cell signals in the development of a bacterial biofilm. Science 1998;280:295-298.
21. Davies DG. Understanding biofilm resistance to antibacterial agents. Nature 2003;2:114-122.
22. Sutherland IW. The biofilm matrix- an immobilized but dynamic microbial environment. Trends Microbiol 2001;9:222-227.
23. Flemming HC, Wingender J, Mayer C, et al. Cohesiveness in biofilm matrix polymers. In: Allison D, Gilbert P, Lappin-Scott HM, Wilson M es. SGM Symposium Series 59. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000:87-105.
24. Post JC, Stoodley P, Hall-Stoodley L, Ehrlich GD. The role of biofilms in otolaryngologic infections. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;12:185-190.
25. Geesey GG, Lewandowski Z, Flemming HC, eds. Biofouling and Biocorrosion in Industrial Water Systems. Ann Arbor, MI: Lewis Publishers, 1994.
26. Borenstein SB. Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Handbook. New York: Industrial Press, Inc., 1994.
27. Stoodley P, Lewandowski Z, Boyle JD, Lappin-Scott HM. The formation of migratory ripples in a mixed species bacterial biofilm growing in turbulent flow. Environ Microbiol 1999;1:447-455.
28. Jackson DW, Suzuki K, Oakford L, et al. Biofilm formation and dispersal under the influence of the global regulator CsrA of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2002;184:290-301.
29. Post JC. Direct evidence of bacterial biofilms in otitis media. Laryngoscope 2001;111:2083-2094.
30. Ehrlich GD, Veeh R, Wang X, et al. Mucosal biofilm formation on middle-ear mucosa in the chinchilla model of otitis media. JAMA 2002;287:1710-1715.
31. Post JC, Preston RA, Aul JJ, et al. Molecular analysis of bacterial pathogens in otitis media with effusion. JAMA 1995; 273:1598-1604.
32. Gok U, Bulut Y, Keles E, et al. Bacteriological and PCR analysis of clinical material aspirated from otitis media with effusions. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2001;60:49-54.
33. Dingman JR, Rayner MG, Mishra S, et al. Correlation between presence of viable bacteria and presence of endotoxin in middle-ear effusions. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:3417-3419.
34. West-Barnette S, Rockel A, Swords WE. Biofilm growth increases phosphorylcholine content and decreases potency of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae endotoxins. Infect Immun 2006;74:1828-1836.
35. Peizhong L, Whatmough K, Birchall JP, et al. Does the bacterial DNA found in middle ear effusions come from viable bacteria? Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2000;5:570-576.
36. Rayner MG, Zhang Y, Gorry MC, et al. Evidence of bacterial metabolic activity in culture-negative otitis media with effusion. JAMA 1998;279:296-299.
37. Post JC, Aul JJ, White GJ, et al. PCR-based detection of bacterial DNA after antimicrobial treatment is indicative of persistent, viable bacteria in the chinchilla model of otitis media. Am J Otolaryngol 1996; 17:106-111.
38. Hall-Stoodley L, Hu FZ, Gieseke A, et al. Direct detection of bacterial biofilms on the middle-ear mucosa of children with chronic otitis media. JAMA 2006;296:202-211.
39. Dohar JE, Hebda PA, Veeh R, et al. Mucosal biofilm formation on middle-ear mucosa in a nonhuman primate model of chronic suppurative otitis media. Laryngoscope 2005;8:1469-1472.
40. Chole RA, Faddis BT. Evidence for microbial biofilms in cholesteatomas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;128:1129-1133.
41. Wang EW, Jung JY, Pashia ME, et al. Otopathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains as competent biofilm formers. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;131:983-989.
42. Berry JA, Biedlingmaier JF, Whelan PJ. In vitro resistance to bacterial biofilm formation on coated fluoroplastic tympanostomy tubes. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;123:246-251.
43. Pawlowski KS, Wawro D, Roland PS. Bacterial biofilm formation on a human cochlear implant. Otol Neurotol 2005;26:972-975.
44. Antonelli PJ, Lee JC, Burne RA. Bacterial biofilms may contribute to persistent cochlear implant infection. Otol Neurotol 2004;25:953-957.
45. Suzuki K. Bacteria isolated from chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections and the associated therapeutic strategies in paranasal sinusitis. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 2006;80:13-18.
46. Cryer J, Schipor I, Perloff JR, Palmer JN. Evidence of bacterial biofilms in human chronic sinusitis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2004;66:155-158.
47. Ramadan HH, Sanclement JA, Thomas JG. Chronic rhinosinusitis and biofilms. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;132:414-417.
48. Perloff JR, Palmer JN. Evidence of bacterial biofilms in a rabbit model of sinusitis. Am J Rhinol 2005;19:1-6.
49. Sanclement JA, Webster P, Thomas J, Ramadan HH. Bacterial biofilms in surgical specimens of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2005;115:578-582.
50. Sanderson AR, Leid JG, Hunsaker D. Bacterial biofilms on the sinus mucosa of human subjects with chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2006;116:1121-116.
51. Bendouah Z, Barbeau J, Hamad WA, Desrosiers M. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with an unfavorable evolution after surgery for chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;134:991-996.
52. Perloff JR, Palmer JN. Evidence of bacterial biofilms on frontal recess stents in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol 2004;18:377-380.
53. Zuliani G, Carron M, Gurrola J, et al. Identification of adenoid biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol Jun 15, 2006, Epub ahead of print.
54. Chole RA, Faddis BT. Anatomical evidence of microbial biofilms in tonsillar tissues: a possible mechanism to explain chronicity. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129:634-636.
55. Costerton JW, Veeh R, Shirtliff M, et al. The application of biofilm science to the study and control of chronic bacterial infections. J Clin Invest 2003;112:1466-1477.
56. Passerini L, Lam K, Costerton JW, King EG. Biofilms on indwelling vascular catheters. Crit Care Med 1992;20:665-673.
57. Pople IJ, Bayston R, Hayward RD. Infection of cerebrospinal fluid shunts in infants: a study of etiological factors. J Neurosurg 1992;77:29-36.
58. Gilbert P, Allison DG, Mc Bain AJ. Biofilms in vitro and in vivo: do singular mechanisms imply cross-resistance? J Appl Microbiol Suppl 2002;8:98S-110S.
59. Gilbert P, Maira-Litran T, Mc Bain AJ, et al. The physiology and collective recalcitrance of microbial biofilm communities. Adv Microb Physiol 2002;46:202-256.
60. Steward PS. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms. Int J Med Microbiol 2002;292:107-113.
61. Mah TF, O'Toole GA. Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents. Trends Microbiol 2001;9:34-39.
62. Sauer K, Camper AK. Characterization of phenotypic changes in Pseudomonas putida in response to surface-associated growth. J Bacteriol 2001;183:6579-6589.
63. Anwar H, Strap JL, Costerton JW. Establishment of aging biofilms: possible mechanism of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992;36:1347-1351.
64. Brown MR, Allison DG, Gilbert P. Resistance of bacterial biofilms to antibiotics: a growth-rate related effect? J Antimicrob Chemother 1988;22:777-783.
65. Fux CA, Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Stoodley P. Survival strategies of infectious biofilms. Trends Microbiol 2005;13:34-40.
66. Stewart PS, Costerton JW. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet 2001;358:135-138.
67. Caldwell DE, Costerton JW. Are bacterial biofilms constrained to Darwin's concept of evolution through natural selection? Microbiologia 1996;12:347-358.
68. Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP. Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999;284:1318-1322.
69. Moran FJ, Garcia C, Perez-Giraldo C, et al. Phagocytosis and killing of slime-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Effects of sparfloxacin. Rev Esp Quimioter 1998;11:52-57.
70. Dasgupta MK. Biofilm causes decreased production of interferon-γ. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996;7:877-882.
71. Maluleni GJ, Grout M, Evans DJ, Pier GB. Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa growing in a biofilm in vitro are killed by opsonic antibodies to the mucoid exopolysaccharide capsule but not by antibodies produced during chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients. J Immunol 1995;155:2029-2038.
72. Rogers J, Phillip F, Olliff C. The effects of extracellular slime from Staphylococcus epidermidis on phagocytic ingestion and killing. FEMS Imunnol Med Microbiol 1994;9:109-115.
73. Tanaka G, Shigeta M, Komatsuzawa H, et al. Effect of the growing rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents: beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Chemotherapy 1999;45:28-36.
74. Shigeta M, Tanaka G, Komatsuzawa H, et al. Permeation of antimicrobial agents through Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: a simple method. Chemotherapy 1997;43:340-345.
75. Shigeta M, Komatsuzawa H, Sugai M, et al. Effect of the growing rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Chemotherapy 1997;43:137-141.
76. Ashby MJ, Neale JE, Critchley IA. Effect of antibiotics on non-growing planktonic cells and biofilms of Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994;33:443-452.
77. Amsden GW. Anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides an underappreciated benefit in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and chronic inflammatory pulmonary conditions. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;55:10-21.
78. Swords WE, Rubin BK. Macrolide antibiotics, bacterial populations and inflammatory airway disease. Neth J Med 2003;61:242-248.
79. Takeoka K, Ichimiya T, Yamasaki T, Nasu M. The in vitro effect of macrolides on the interaction of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilm. Chemotherapy 1998;44:190-197.
80. Kondoh K, Hashiba M. Inhibitory effect of macrolide antibiotics on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 1998;101:25-36.
81. Costerton JW, Ellis B, Lam K, et al. Mechanism of electrical enhancement of efficacy of antibiotics in killing biofilm bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:2803-2809.
82. Rediske AM, Hymas WC, Wilkinson R, Pitt WG. Ultrasonic enhancement of antibiotic action on several species of bacteria. J Gen Appl Microbiol 1998;44:283-288.
83. Biedlingmaier JF, Samaranayake R, Whelan P. Resistance to biofilm formation on otologic implant materials. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:444-451.
84. Saidi IS, Biedlingmaier JF, Whelan P. In vivo resistance to bacterial biofilm formation on tympanostomy tubes as a function of tube material. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120:621-627.
85. Tatar EC, Unal FO, Tatar I, et al. Investigation of surface changes in different types of ventilation tubes using scanning electron microscopy and correlation of findings with clinical follow-up. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005;70:411-417.
86. Kinnari TJ, Salonen EM, Jero J. Durability of the binding inhibition of albumin coating on tympanostomy tubes. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2003;67:157-164.