Photochemical scar ablation in chronically contused spinal cord of rat

Journal of Neurotrauma

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 411-420

  Zhang, Shuxin ^a   Kluge, Bridget ^a   Huang, Fengfa ^a   Nordstrom, Tuija ^a   Doolen, Suzanne ^a   Gross, Mica ^a   Sarmiere, Patrick ^a   Holmberg, Eric G ^a,b  

^a Spinal Cord Society Research Center   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Astrocyte; Photochemical; Rat; Rose bengal; Scar ablation; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; ROSE BENGAL;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BASSO BEATTIE BRESNAHAN SCALE; CHRONIC DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE MODEL; FEASIBILITY STUDY; FEMALE; GLIA; HISTOLOGY; ILLUMINATION; LONG EVANS RAT; NERVE FIBER REGENERATION; NONHUMAN; RAT; RATING SCALE; SCAR; SCORING SYSTEM; SPINAL CORD INJURY;

ANIMALS; CHRONIC DISEASE; CICATRIX; FEMALE; FLUORESCENT DYES; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; NEUROGLIA; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; RATS; RATS, LONG-EVANS; ROSE BENGAL; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; THORACIC VERTEBRAE;

EID: 33947673344     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/neu.2006.0065     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. BALASINGAM, V., and YONG, V. W. (1996). Attenuation of astroglial reactivity by interleukin-10. J. Neurosci. 16, 2945-2955.
2. BARTHOLDI, D., RUBIN, B.P., and SCHWAB, M.E. (1997). VEGF mRNA induction correlates with changes in the vascular architecture upon spinal cord damage in the rat. Eur J Neurosci. 9, 2549-2560.
3. BASSO, D.M., BEATTIE, M.S., and BRESNAHAN, J.C. (1995). A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats. J Neurotrauma 12, 1-21.
4. BASSO, D.M., BEATTIE, M.S., and BRESNAHAN, J.C. (1996). Graded histological and locomotor outcomes after spinal cord contusion using the NYU weight-drop device versus transection. Exp Neurol. 139, 244-256.
5. BEATTIE, M.S., BRESNAHAN, J.C., KOMON, J., et al. (1997). Endogenous repair after spinal cord contusion injuries in the rat. Exp Neurol. 148, 453-463.
6. BOCHELEN, D., ECLANCHER, F., KUPFERBERG, A., PRIVAT, A., and MERSEL, M. (1992). 7 Beta-hydroxycholesterol and 7 beta-hydroxycholesteryl-3-esters reduce the ex-tent of reactive gliosis caused by an electrolytic lesion in rat brain. Neuroscience. 51, 827-834.
7. BOTTIROLI, G., CROCE, A.C., BALZARINI, P., et al. (1997). Enzyme-assisted cell photosensitization: a proposal for an efficient approach to tumor therapy and diagnosis. The rose bengal fluorogenic substrate. Photochem Photobiol. 66, 374-383.
8. BRESNAHAN, J.C. (1978). An electron-microscopic analysis of axonal alterations following blunt contusion of the spinal cord of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J Neurol Sci. 37, 59-82.
9. BRON, A.J., EVANS, V.E., and SMITH, J.A. (2003). Grading of corneal and conjunctival staining in the context of other dry eye tests. Cornea. 22, 640-650.
10. BUNGE, M.B., HOLETS, V.R., BATES, M.L., CLARKE, T.S., and WATSON, B. D. (1994). Characterization of photochemically induced spinal cord injury in the rat by light and electron microscopy. Exp Neurol. 127, 76-93.
11. BUSH, T.G., PUVANACHANDRA, N., HORNER, C.H., et al. (1999). Leukocyte infiltration, neuronal degeneration, and neurite outgrowth after ablation of scar-forming, reactive astrocytes in adult transgenic mice. Neuron. 23, 297-308.
12. CAMAND, E., MOREL, M.P., FAISSNER, A., SOTELO, C., and DUSART, I. (2004). Long-term changes in the molecular composition of the glial scar and progressive increase of serotoninergic fibre sprouting after hemisection of the mouse spinal cord. Eur J Neurosci. 20, 1161-1176.
13. CONSTANTINI, S., and YOUNG, W. (1994). The effects of methylprednisolone and the ganglioside GM1 on acute spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurosurg. 80, 97-111.
14. DAVIES, J.E., TANG, X., DENNING, J.W., ARCHIBALD, S.J., and DAVIES, S.J. (2004). Decorin suppresses neurocan, brevican, phosphacan and NG2 expression and promotes axon growth across adult rat spinal cord injuries. Eur J Neurosci. 19, 1226-1242.
15. DE KRAKER, J., HOEFNAGEL, C.A., and VOUTE, P.A. (1991). 131I-rose bengal therapy in hepatoblastoma patients. Eur J Cancer. 27, 613-615.
16. EICHENBAUM, J.W., PEVSNER, P.H., PIVAWER, G., et al. (2002). A murine photochemical stroke model with histologic correlates of apoptotic and nonapoptotic mechanisms. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 47, 67-71.
17. FAULKNER, J.R., HERRMANN, J.E., WOO, M.J., TANSEY, K.E., DOAN, N.B., and SOFRONIEW, M.V. (2004). Reactive astrocytes protect tissue and preserve function after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 24, 2143-2155.
18. FRANKLIN, R.J., and BARNETT, S.C. (1997). Do olfactory glia have advantages over Schwann cells for CNS repair? J Neurosci Res. 50, 665-672.
19. GARCIA-ALIAS, G., VERDU, E., FORES, J., LOPEZ-VALES, R., and NAVARRO, X. (2003). Functional and electrophysiological characterization of photochemical graded spinal cord injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma. 20, 501-510.
20. GELLER, H.M., and FAWCETT, J.W. (2002). Building a bridge: engineering spinal cord repair. Exp Neurol. 174, 125-136.
21. GIMENEZ Y RIBOTTA, M., RAJAOFETRA, N., MORIN-RICHAUD, C., et al. (1995). Oxysterol (7 beta-hydroxycholesteryl-3-oleate) promotes serotonergic reinnervation in the lesioned rat spinal cord by reducing glial reaction. J Neurosci Res. 41, 79-95.
22. HOANE, M.R., WOLYNIAK, J.G., and AKSTULEWICZ, S.L. (2005). Administration of riboflavin improves behavioral outcome and reduces edema formation and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 22, 1112-1122.
23. HOULE, J.D., and TESSLER, A. (2003). Repair of chronic spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 182, 247-260.
24. HUCK, S., GRASS, F., and HATTEN, M.E. (1984). Gliotoxic effects of alpha-aminoadipic acid on monolayer cultures of dissociated postnatal mouse cerebellum. Neuroscience. 12, 783-791.
25. KALDERON, N., ALFIERI, A.A., and FUKS, Z. (1990). Beneficial effects of x-irradiation on recovery of lesioned mammalian central nervous tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 87, 10058-10062.
26. KAPLAN, M.A., NIKITINA, R.G., MALYGINA, A.I., et al. (1999). [The potential of rose Bengal treatment for photodynamic therapy of tumors]. Vopr Onkol. 45, 557-559.
27. KIM, S.Y., TAK, J.K., and PARK, J.W. (2004). Inactivation of NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase by singlet oxygen derived from photoactivated rose bengal. Biochimie. 86, 501-507.
28. KOCHEVAR, I.E., LYNCH, M.C., ZHUANG, S., and LAMBERT, C.R. (2000). Singlet oxygen, but not oxidizing radicals, induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Photochem Photobiol. 72, 548-553.
29. LIN, C.P., LYNCH, M.C., and KOCHEVAR, I.E. (2000). Reactive oxidizing species produced near the plasma membrane induce apoptosis in bovine aorta endothelial cells. Exp Cell Res. 259, 351-359.
30. MOON, L.D., BRECKNELL, I.E., FRANKLIN, R.J., DUNNETT, S.B., and FAWCETT, J.W. (2000). Robust regeneration of CNS axons through a track depleted of CNS glia. Exp Neurol. 161, 49-66.
31. PEVSNER, P.H., EICHENBAUM, J.W., MILLER, D.C., et al. (2001). A photothrombotic model of small early ischemic infarcts in the rat brain with histologic and MRI correlation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 45, 227-233.
32. PRADO, R., DIETRICH, W.D., WATSON, B.D., GINSBERG, M.D., and GREEN, B.A. (1987). Photochemically induced graded spinal cord infarction. Behavioral, electrophysiological, and morphological correlates. J Neurosurg. 67, 745-753.
33. REIER, P.J., ENG, L.F., and JAKEMAN, L. 1989. Reactive astrocyte and axonal outgrowth in the injured CNS: is gliosis really an impediment to regeneration?, in: Neural Regeneration and Transplantation. F.J. Seil, (ed), Alan R. Liss, Inc.: New York, pps. 183-209.
34. RIDET, J.L., PENCALET, P., BELCRAM, M., et al. (2000). Effects of spinal cord X-irradiation on the recovery of paraplegic rats. Exp Neurol. 161, 1-14.
35. SALET, C., MORENO, G., RICCHELLI, F., and BERNARDI, P. (1997). Singlet oxygen produced by photodynamic action causes inactivation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. J Biol Chem. 272, 21938-21943.
36. SCHNELL, L., and SCHWAB, M.E. (1990). Axonal regeneration in the rat spinal cord produced by an antibody against myelin-associated neunte growth inhibitors. Nature. 343, 269-272.
37. SCHWAB, M.E. (2002). Repairing the injured spinal cord. Science. 295, 1029-1031.
38. SCHWAB, M.E., and BARTHOLDI, D. (1996). Degeneration and regeneration of axons in the lesioned spinal cord. Physiol Rev. 76, 319-370.
39. SILVER, J., and MILLER, J.H. (2004). Regeneration beyond the glial scar. Nat Rev Neurosci. 5, 146-156.
40. SIMS, T.J., and GILMORE, S.A. (1992). Glial response to dorsal root lesion in the irradiated spinal cord. Glia. 6, 96-107.
41. SIMS, T.J., and GILMORE, S.A. (1994). Regrowth of dorsal root axons into a radiation-induced glial-deficient environment in the spinal cord. Brain Res. 634, 113-126.
42. STROOP, W.G., CHEN, T.M., CHODOSH, J., et al. (2000). PCR assessment of HSV-I corneal infection in animals treated with rose bengal and lissamine green B. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 41, 2096-2102.
43. TESSLER, A., HIMES, B.T., ROGAHN, C., HOULE, J., and REIER, PJ. (1988). Enhancement of adult dorsal root regeneration by embryonic spinal cord transplants. Prog Brain Res. 78, 213-218.
44. VALENCIA, A., and MORAN, J. (2004). Reactive oxygen species induce different cell death mechanisms in cultured neurons. Free Radic Biol Med. 36, 1112-1125.
45. VAN REEMPTS, J., VAN DEUREN, B., ASHTON, D., and BORGERS, M. (1993). A new model of photochemically induced acute and reversible demyelination in the peripheral nervous system. Exp Neurol. 120, 283-290.
46. VERDU, E., GARCIA-ALIAS, G., FORES, J., et al. (2001). Effects of ensheathing cells transplanted into photochemically damaged spinal cord. Neuroreport. 12, 2303-2309.
47. VERDU, E., GARCIA-ALIAS, G., FORES, J., LOPEZ-VALES, R., and NAVARRO, X. (2003). Olfactory ensheathing cells transplanted in lesioned spinal cord prevent loss of spinal cord parenchyma and promote functional recovery. Glia. 42, 275-286.
48. VERDU, E., GARCIA-ALIAS, G., FORES, J., et al. (2003). Morphological characterization of photochemical graded spinal cord injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma. 20, 483-499.
49. WATSON, B.D., PRADO, R., DIETRICH, W.D., GINSBERG, M.D., and GREEN, B.A. (1986). Photochemically induced spinal cord injury in the rat. Brain Res. 367, 296-300.
50. ZHANG, S.X., GEDDES, J.W., OWENS, J.L., and HOLMBERG, E.G. (2005). X-irradiation reduces lesion scarring at the contusion site of adult rat spinal cord. Histol Histopathol. 20, 519-530.