Migration of phthalates from plastic containers into soft drinks and mineral water

Food Technology and Biotechnology

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 91-95

  Bošnir, Jasna ^a   Puntarić, Dinko ^a   Galić, Antonija ^a   Škes, Ivo ^a   Dijanić, Tomislav ^b   Klarić, Maja ^b   Grgić, Matijana ^a   Čurković, Mario ^c   Šmit, Zdenko ^a  

^a Zagreb Institute of Public Health   (Croatia)

^b Institute of Public Health for the Osijek Baranya County   (Croatia)

^c Osijek Health Center   (Croatia)

Author keywords

Food safety; pH; Phthalates; Plastic containers; Preservatives; Soft drinks

Indexed keywords

DETECTION LIMITS; DI-BUTYL PHTHALATE; DI-ETHYL-HEXYL PHTHALATE; DIMETHYL PHTHALATE; NUMBER OF SAMPLES; PHTHALATE EXPOSURES; PHTHALATES; SOFT DRINKS;

ESTERS; FOOD PRESERVATIVES; FOOD SAFETY; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEALTH RISKS; PH; PLASTIC CONTAINERS; PLASTICIZERS; POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SODIUM; WATER;

BEVERAGES;

EID: 33947605251     PISSN: 13309862     EISSN: 13342606     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Di-n-Butyl Phthalate. In: Environmental Health Criteria, Vol. 189, World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland (1997).
2. D.N. Brooke, S. Dobson, P.D. Howe, J.R. Nielsen, Environmental hazard assessment: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Report TSD/2, United Kingdom Department of the Environment, Toxic Substances Division, London, UK (1991).
3. J.H. Peterson, T. Breindahl, Plasticizers in total diet samples, baby food and infant formulae, Food Addit. Contam. 17 (2000) 133-141.
4. C.G. Bornehag, J. Sundell, C.J. Weschler, T. Sigsgaord, B. Lundgren, M. Hasselgren, L. Hagerhed-Engman, The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust: A nested case-control study, Environ. Health Perspect. 112 (2004) 1393-1397.
5. D.B. Peakall, Phthalate esters: Occurrence and biological effects, Residue Rev. 54 (1975) 1-41.
6. K. Bouma, D.J. Schakel, Migration of phthalates from PVC toys into saliva simulant by dynamic extraction, Food Addit. Contam. 19 (2002) 602-610.
7. D. Puntarić, Z. Šmit, J.Bošnir, Small countries and the dioxin scandal: How to control imported food?, Croat. Med. J. 41 (2000) 150-153.
8. A. Ozaki, Y. Yamaguchi, A. Okamoto, N. Kawai, Determination of alkyl phenols, bisphenol A, benzophenone and phthalates in containers of baby food, and migration into food stimulants, Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 43 (2002) 260-266 (in Japanese).
9. J. Autian, Toxicity and health threats of phthalate esters: Review of the literature, Environ. Health Perspect. 4 (1973) 3-26.
10. W.M. Kluwe, Overview of phthalate ester pharmacokinetics in mammalian species, Environ. Health Perspect. 45 (1982) 3-9.
11. M. Mihovec-Grdić, Z. Šmit, D. Puntarić, J. Bošnir, Phthalates in underground waters of the Zagreb area, Croat. Med. J. 43 (2002) 493-497.
12. A. Thuren, P. Woin, Effects of phthalate esters on the locomotor activity of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 46 (1991) 159-166.
13. P.W. Albro, R.E. Chapin, J.T. Corbett, J. Schroeder, J.L. Phelps, Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, a metabolite of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, casually linked to testicular atrophy in rats, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 100 (1989) 193-200.
14. H.B. Jones, D.A. Garside, R. Liu, J.C. Roberts, The influence of phthalate esters on Leydig cell structure and function in vitro and in vivo, Exp. Mol. Pathol. 58 (1993) 179-193.
15. R.N. Wine, N.H. Li, L.H. Barnes, D.K. Gulaty, R.E. Chapin, Reproductive toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate in a continuous breeding protocol in Spraque-Dawley rats, Environ. Health Perspect. 105 (1997) 102-107.
16. F.A. Arcadi, C. Costa, C. Imperatore, A. Marchese, A. Rapisarda, M. Salemi, G.R. Trimarchi, G. Costa, Oral toxicity of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate during pregnancy and suckling in the Long-Evans rat, Food Chem. Toxicol. 36 (1998) 963-970.
17. D. Shaw, R. Lee, R.A. Roberts, Species differences in response to the phthalate plasticizer monoisononylphthalate (MINP) in vitro: A comparison of rat and human hepatocytes, Arch. Toxicol. 76 (2002) 344-350.
18. H.K. Green, Phthalates and human health: Demystifying the risk of plastic-softening chemicals (2001) (http://www.rppi.org/peg2.html).
19. W.W. Huber, B. Grasl-Kraupp, R. Schulte-Hermann, Hepatocarcinogenic potential of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in rodents and its implication on human risk, Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 26 (1996) 365-481.
20. M. Ema, H. Amano, T. Itami, H. Kawasaki, Developmental effects of di-n-butyl phthalate after a single administration in rats, J. Appl. Toxicol. 17 (1997) 223-229.
21. M. Ema, H. Amano, T. Itami, H. Kawasaki, Teratogenic evaluation of di-n-butyl phthalate in rats, Toxicol. Lett. 69 (1993) 197-203.
22. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, DEHP, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (2001) (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts9.html).
23. J. Ralof, New concerns about phthalates. Ingredients of common plastic may harm boys as they develop (2001) (http://www.sciencenews.org/20000902/ bob1.asp).
24. Greenpeace/Toxics/Press Release, PVC toys: Santa returns hazardous PVC toys to industry leaders (1999) (http://www.greenpeace.org/pressreleases/ pvctoys/1997nov18.html).
25. Greenpeace/Toxics/Press Release, Sweden becomes third EU country to ban phthalates in PVC toys (1999) (http://www.greenpeace.org/pressreleases/ pvctoys/1998nov14.html).
26. Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Phthalates in toys now to be banned (1999) (http://www.mst.dk/news/02020000.htm).
27. J.A. Hoppln, R. Ulmer, S.J. London, Phthalate exposure and pulmonary function, Environ. Health Perspect. 112 (2004) 571-574.
28. R. Hauser, S. Duty, L. Godfrey-Bailey, A.M. Calafat, Medications as a source of human exposure to phthalates, Environ. Health Perspect. 112 (2004) 751-753.
29. By-law on amandments to the by-law on safety conditions for consumer goods to be marketed, Narodne novine (Official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia), 117 (2000) 4052 (in Croatian).
30. B.D. Page, G.M. Lacroix, Studies into transfer and migration of phthalate esters from aluminium foil-paper laminates to butter and margarine, Food Addit. Contam. 9 (1992) 197-212.
31. A. Sabin, C. Sabin: The Kruskal-Wallis Test. In: Medical Statistics at a Glance, Vol. 22, Blackwell Science Inc., Malden, USA (2000) pp. 56-57.
32. C. Nerin, J. Cacho, P. Gancedo, Plasticizers from printing inks in a selection of food packaging and their migration to food, Food Addit. Contam. 10 (1993) 453-460.
33. J. Bošnir, D. Puntarić, I. Škes, M. Klarić, S. Šimić, I. Zorić, Migration of phthalates from plastic products to model solutions, Coll. Antropol. 27 (Suppl. 1) (2003) 23-30.
34. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Di-n-octylphthalate (DnOP) (2001) (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts95.html).
35. S.D. Pearson, L.A. Trissel, Leaching of diethylhexyl phthalate from polyvinyl chloride containers by selected drugs and formulation components, Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 50 (1993) 1405-1409.
36. S.L. Plonait, H. Nau, R.F. Maier, W. Wittfoht, M. Obladen, Exposure of newborn infants to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate and 2-ethylexaonic acid following exchange transfusion with polyvinylchloride catheters, Transfusion, 33 (1993) 598-605.
37. E. Atlas, C.S. Griam, Global transport of organic pollutants: Ambient concentrations in the remote atmosphere, Science, 211 (1981) 163-165.
38. A. Thuren, P. Larsson, Phthalate esters in the Swedish atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol. 24 (1990) 554-559.
39. J.N. Leibowitz, R. Sarmiento, S.M. Dugar, M.W. Ethridge, Determination of six common phthalate plasticizers in grain neutral spirits and vodka, J. AOAC Int. 78 (1995) 730-734.
40. K. Hirayama, H. Tanaka, K. Kawana, T. Tani, H. Nakazawa, Analysis of plasticizers in cap-sealing resins for bottled foods, Food Addit. Contam. 18 (2001) 357-362.
41. O.S. Fatoki, Phthalate esters in rivers of the Greater Manchester area, UK, Sci. Total Environ. 95 (1990) 227-232.
42. K. Furtmann, Phthalates in surface water - A method for routine trace-level analysis, Fres. J. Anal. Chem. 384 (1994) 508-510.
43. Z. Huixian, S. Guangyao, S. Cheng, X.U. Ouyong, Distribution of organic contaminants in Lake Taihu, Wat. Res. 30 (1996) 2003-2008.
44. P.N. Liubchenko, L.V. Petina, R.V. Gorenkov, State of nervous system in workers engaged in the production of plastic materials: Data of screenings and electrophysiologic studies, Med. Tr. Prom. Ekol. 4 (1997) 23-26 (in Russian).
45. P.N. Liubchenko, R.V. Gorenkov, G.V. Plaksina, O.L. Kholod, B.S. Salganikova, Working environment and health status of workers in decorative polyvinylchloride film production, Gig. Sanit. 4 (1994) 29-31 (in Russian).
46. P.N. Liubchenko, R.V. Gorenkov, E.A. Bendikov, A.V. Petrakov, Functional state of the liver in workers exposed to multicomponent chemical mixture in the production of plastic construction materials, Med. Tr. Prom. Ekol. 6 (1995) 4-7 (in Russian).