메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 41-51

Intractable early childhood obesity as the initial sign of insulin resistant hyperinsulinism and precursor of polycystic ovary syndrome

Author keywords

Insulin resistance; Obesity; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Precocious puberty; Pseudo acromegaly; Pseudo Cushing's syndrome

Indexed keywords

ACROMEGALY; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CASE REPORT; CHILD CARE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CUSHINGOID SYNDROME; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENDOCRINE FUNCTION TEST; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERANDROGENISM; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LABORATORY TEST; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; OLIGOMENORRHEA; ONSET AGE; ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; SCHOOL CHILD; SECONDARY AMENORRHEA; ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERINSULINISM; PATHOLOGY; PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY; TIME;

EID: 33947505766     PISSN: 0334018X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/JPEM.2007.20.1.41     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0034982170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of overweight in US children: Comparison of US growth charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with other reference values for body mass index
    • Flegal KM, Ogden CL, Wei R, Kuczmarski RL, Johnson CL. Prevalence of overweight in US children: comparison of US growth charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with other reference values for body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 1086-1093.
    • (2001) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.73 , pp. 1086-1093
    • Flegal, K.M.1    Ogden, C.L.2    Wei, R.3    Kuczmarski, R.L.4    Johnson, C.L.5
  • 2
    • 16644393240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing and treating obesity in girls and young women to curb the epidemic
    • Kral J. Preventing and treating obesity in girls and young women to curb the epidemic. Obes Res 2004; 12: 1539-1546.
    • (2004) Obes Res , vol.12 , pp. 1539-1546
    • Kral, J.1
  • 3
    • 0028889654 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome are found in adolescent girls with hyperandrogenism
    • Apter D, Bützow G, Laughlin A, Yen SSC. Metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome are found in adolescent girls with hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 2966-2973.
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 2966-2973
    • Apter, D.1    Bützow, G.2    Laughlin, A.3    Yen, S.S.C.4
  • 4
    • 0033663503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence. Comparison of adolescent and adult hyperandrogenism
    • Rosenfield RL, Ghai K, Ehrmann DA, Barnes RB. Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence. Comparison of adolescent and adult hyperandrogenism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000; 13 (Suppl 5): 1285-1289.
    • (2000) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 1285-1289
    • Rosenfield, R.L.1    Ghai, K.2    Ehrmann, D.A.3    Barnes, R.B.4
  • 5
    • 0242320425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early endocrine, metabolic, and sonographic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Comparison between non-obese and obese adolescents
    • Silfen M, Denburg M, Manibo A, Lobo R, Jaffe R, Ferin M, Levine LS, Oberfield SE. Early endocrine, metabolic, and sonographic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): comparison between non-obese and obese adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 4682-4688.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 4682-4688
    • Silfen, M.1    Denburg, M.2    Manibo, A.3    Lobo, R.4    Jaffe, R.5    Ferin, M.6    Levine, L.S.7    Oberfield, S.E.8
  • 6
    • 16344374270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overweight status of adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: Body mass index as mediator of quality of life
    • Trent M, Austin SB, Rich M, Gordon CM. Overweight status of adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: body mass index as mediator of quality of life. Ambul Pediatr 2005; 5: 107-111.
    • (2005) Ambul Pediatr , vol.5 , pp. 107-111
    • Trent, M.1    Austin, S.B.2    Rich, M.3    Gordon, C.M.4
  • 8
    • 0034858480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin-resistant hyperinsulinemia
    • Rosenfield RL. Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin-resistant hyperinsulinemia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 45: S095-104.
    • (2001) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.45
    • Rosenfield, R.L.1
  • 9
    • 0036073073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence
    • Baumann E, Rosenfield R. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence. Endocrinologist 2002; 12: 333-348.
    • (2002) Endocrinologist , vol.12 , pp. 333-348
    • Baumann, E.1    Rosenfield, R.2
  • 10
    • 0031456016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: Mechanism and implications for pathogenesis
    • Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis. Endocr Rev 1997; 18: 774-800.
    • (1997) Endocr Rev , vol.18 , pp. 774-800
    • Dunaif, A.1
  • 11
    • 0042628161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and treatment of metabolic syndrome in newly referred women with confirmed polycystic ovarian syndrome
    • Glueck CJ, Papanna R, Wang P, Goldenberg N, Sieve-Smith L. Incidence and treatment of metabolic syndrome in newly referred women with confirmed polycystic ovarian syndrome. Metabolism 2003; 52: 908-915.
    • (2003) Metabolism , vol.52 , pp. 908-915
    • Glueck, C.J.1    Papanna, R.2    Wang, P.3    Goldenberg, N.4    Sieve-Smith, L.5
  • 12
    • 5144220551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone, alone and in combination, in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal indices of insulin sensitivity
    • Baillargeon JP, Jakubowicz DJ, Iuorno MJ, Jakubowicz S, Nestler JE. Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone, alone and in combination, in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal indices of insulin sensitivity. Fertil Steril 2004; 82: 893-902.
    • (2004) Fertil Steril , vol.82 , pp. 893-902
    • Baillargeon, J.P.1    Jakubowicz, D.J.2    Iuorno, M.J.3    Jakubowicz, S.4    Nestler, J.E.5
  • 13
    • 15444366255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Ehrmann DA. Polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1223-1236.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 1223-1236
    • Ehrmann, D.A.1
  • 15
    • 0028099876 scopus 로고
    • Ovarian hyperandrogenism as a result of congenital adrenal virilizing disorders: Evidence for perinatal masculinization of neuroendocrine function in women
    • Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA, Cara JF, Cuttler L, Levitsky LL, Rosenthal IM. Ovarian hyperandrogenism as a result of congenital adrenal virilizing disorders: evidence for perinatal masculinization of neuroendocrine function in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79: 1328-1333.
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , pp. 1328-1333
    • Barnes, R.B.1    Rosenfield, R.L.2    Ehrmann, D.A.3    Cara, J.F.4    Cuttler, L.5    Levitsky, L.L.6    Rosenthal, I.M.7
  • 16
    • 0036313064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental origin of polycystic ovary syndrome - a hypothesis
    • Abbott DH, Dumesic DA, Franks S. Developmental origin of polycystic ovary syndrome - a hypothesis. J Endocrinol 2002; 174: 1-5.
    • (2002) J Endocrinol , vol.174 , pp. 1-5
    • Abbott, D.H.1    Dumesic, D.A.2    Franks, S.3
  • 17
    • 0031769471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precocious pubarche, hyperinsulinism, and ovarian hyperandrogenism: Relation to reduced fetal growth
    • Ibáñez L, Potau N, Francois I, de Zegher F. Precocious pubarche, hyperinsulinism, and ovarian hyperandrogenism: relation to reduced fetal growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 3558-3562.
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 3558-3562
    • Ibáñez, L.1    Potau, N.2    Francois, I.3    de Zegher, F.4
  • 18
    • 0033342768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anovulation after precocious pubarche: Early markers and time course in adolescence
    • Ibáñez L, de Zegher F, Potau N. Anovulation after precocious pubarche: early markers and time course in adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 2691-2695.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 2691-2695
    • Ibáñez, L.1    de Zegher, F.2    Potau, N.3
  • 19
    • 0031697764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing's states
    • Newell-Price J. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing's states. Endocr Rev 1998; 19: 647-672.
    • (1998) Endocr Rev , vol.19 , pp. 647-672
    • Newell-Price, J.1
  • 20
    • 0033767576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The desmopressin test in the differential diagnosis between Cushing's disease and pseudo-Cushing states
    • Moro M, Putignano P, Losa M, Invitti C, Maraschini C, Cavagnini F. The desmopressin test in the differential diagnosis between Cushing's disease and pseudo-Cushing states. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 3569-3574.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 3569-3574
    • Moro, M.1    Putignano, P.2    Losa, M.3    Invitti, C.4    Maraschini, C.5    Cavagnini, F.6
  • 21
    • 0032030910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase by insulin in fibroblasts from patients with severe insulin resistance and pseudoacromegaly. A disorder characterized by selective postreceptor insulin resistance
    • Dib K, Whitehead JP, Humphreys PJ, Soos MA, Baynes KC, Kumar S, Harvey T, O'Rahilly S. Impaired activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase by insulin in fibroblasts from patients with severe insulin resistance and pseudoacromegaly. A disorder characterized by selective postreceptor insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 1111-1120.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.101 , pp. 1111-1120
    • Dib, K.1    Whitehead, J.P.2    Humphreys, P.J.3    Soos, M.A.4    Baynes, K.C.5    Kumar, S.6    Harvey, T.7    O'Rahilly, S.8
  • 23
    • 0024410033 scopus 로고
    • Acromegaloid patients with type A insulin resistance: Parallel defects in insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptors and biological responses in cultured fibroblasts
    • Low L, Chernausek S, Sperling M. Acromegaloid patients with type A insulin resistance: parallel defects in insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptors and biological responses in cultured fibroblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 69: 329-337.
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.69 , pp. 329-337
    • Low, L.1    Chernausek, S.2    Sperling, M.3
  • 25
    • 0842277242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grundy S, Brewer HJ, Cleeman J, Smith SJ, Lenfant C. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on Scientific issues Related to Definition. Circulation 2004; 109: 433-438.
    • Grundy S, Brewer HJ, Cleeman J, Smith SJ, Lenfant C. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on Scientific issues Related to Definition. Circulation 2004; 109: 433-438.
  • 27
    • 0029844264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute hormonal responses to the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist leuprolide: Dose-response studies and comparison to nafarelin
    • Rosenfield RL, Perovic N, Ehrmann DA, Barnes RB. Acute hormonal responses to the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist leuprolide: dose-response studies and comparison to nafarelin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 3408-3411.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 3408-3411
    • Rosenfield, R.L.1    Perovic, N.2    Ehrmann, D.A.3    Barnes, R.B.4
  • 30
    • 0001217801 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: Towards a rational approach
    • Dunaif A, Givens J, Haseltine F, Merriam G, eds, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publications
    • Zawadzki J, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. In: Dunaif A, Givens J, Haseltine F, Merriam G, eds. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992; 377-384.
    • (1992) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , pp. 377-384
    • Zawadzki, J.1    Dunaif, A.2
  • 31
    • 0022612578 scopus 로고
    • Responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone in the hypercortisolism of depression and Cushing's disease. Pathophysiologic and diagnostic implications
    • Gold PW, Loriaux DL, Roy A, Kling MA, Calabrese JR, Kellner CH, Nieman LK, Post RM, Pickar D, Gallucci W, et al. Responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone in the hypercortisolism of depression and Cushing's disease. Pathophysiologic and diagnostic implications. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1329-1335.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , pp. 1329-1335
    • Gold, P.W.1    Loriaux, D.L.2    Roy, A.3    Kling, M.A.4    Calabrese, J.R.5    Kellner, C.H.6    Nieman, L.K.7    Post, R.M.8    Pickar, D.9    Gallucci, W.10
  • 32
    • 0036796268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circadian variation in Cushing's disease and pseudo-Cushing states by analysis of F and ACTH pulsatility
    • Cunningham J, Buxton O, Weiss R. Circadian variation in Cushing's disease and pseudo-Cushing states by analysis of F and ACTH pulsatility. J Endocrinol Invest 2002; 25: 791-799.
    • (2002) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.25 , pp. 791-799
    • Cunningham, J.1    Buxton, O.2    Weiss, R.3
  • 33
    • 0036133123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of total IGF-I assay methods using samples from type I and type II diabetic patients
    • Chestnut RE, Quarmby V. Evaluation of total IGF-I assay methods using samples from type I and type II diabetic patients. J Imnunol Meth 2002; 259: 11-24.
    • (2002) J Imnunol Meth , vol.259 , pp. 11-24
    • Chestnut, R.E.1    Quarmby, V.2
  • 34
    • 0000476083 scopus 로고
    • Immunoassay of insulin: Two antibody system. Plasma insulin levels of normal, subdiabetic, and diabetic rats
    • Morgan C, Lazarow A. Immunoassay of insulin: two antibody system. Plasma insulin levels of normal, subdiabetic, and diabetic rats. Diabetes 1963; 12: 115-126.
    • (1963) Diabetes , vol.12 , pp. 115-126
    • Morgan, C.1    Lazarow, A.2
  • 35
    • 0021813187 scopus 로고
    • Homeostasis model assessment: Insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man
    • Matthews DR. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985; 28: 412-419.
    • (1985) Diabetologia , vol.28 , pp. 412-419
    • Matthews, D.R.1
  • 36
    • 0021179061 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the hyperandrogenism/polycystic ovarian syndrome from isosexual precocious puberty: Report of two cases
    • Root A, Moshang TJ. Evolution of the hyperandrogenism/polycystic ovarian syndrome from isosexual precocious puberty: report of two cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 149: 763.
    • (1984) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.149 , pp. 763
    • Root, A.1    Moshang, T.J.2
  • 38
    • 0019443286 scopus 로고
    • Insulin enhancement of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release by cultured pituitary cells
    • Adashi EY, Hsueh AJ, Yen SS. Insulin enhancement of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release by cultured pituitary cells. Endocrinology 1981; 108: 1441-1449.
    • (1981) Endocrinology , vol.108 , pp. 1441-1449
    • Adashi, E.Y.1    Hsueh, A.J.2    Yen, S.S.3
  • 39
    • 0035151040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin and estradiol with GnRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone release from female rat gonadotrophs
    • Xia YX, Weiss JM, Polack S, Diedrich K, Ortmann O. Interactions of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin and estradiol with GnRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone release from female rat gonadotrophs. Eur J Endocrinol 2001; 144: 73-79.
    • (2001) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.144 , pp. 73-79
    • Xia, Y.X.1    Weiss, J.M.2    Polack, S.3    Diedrich, K.4    Ortmann, O.5
  • 40
    • 0030915928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin receptors in the pituitary gland: Morphological evidence for influence on opioid peptide-synthesizing cells
    • Unger JW, Lange W. Insulin receptors in the pituitary gland: morphological evidence for influence on opioid peptide-synthesizing cells. Cell Tissue Res 1997; 288: 471-483.
    • (1997) Cell Tissue Res , vol.288 , pp. 471-483
    • Unger, J.W.1    Lange, W.2
  • 42
    • 0034699544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burks DJ, Font de Mora JF, Schubert M, Withers DJ, Myers MG, Towery HH, et al. Altamuro SL, Flint CL, White MF. IRS-2 pathways integrate female reproduction and energy homeostasis. Nature 2000; 407: 377-382.
    • Burks DJ, Font de Mora JF, Schubert M, Withers DJ, Myers MG, Towery HH, et al. Altamuro SL, Flint CL, White MF. IRS-2 pathways integrate female reproduction and energy homeostasis. Nature 2000; 407: 377-382.
  • 45
    • 0035856949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin signaling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism
    • Saltiel AR. Insulin signaling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Nature 2001; 414: 799-806.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 799-806
    • Saltiel, A.R.1
  • 48
    • 0043240339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Cook S, Weitzman M, Auinger P, Nguyen M, Dietz WH. Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157: 821-827.
    • (2003) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.157 , pp. 821-827
    • Cook, S.1    Weitzman, M.2    Auinger, P.3    Nguyen, M.4    Dietz, W.H.5
  • 49
    • 0032932467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-mediated pseudoacromegaly in a patient with severe insulin resistance: Association of defective insulin-stimulated glucose transport with impaired phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in fibroblasts
    • Kausch C, Bergemann C, Hamann A, Matthaei S. Insulin-mediated pseudoacromegaly in a patient with severe insulin resistance: association of defective insulin-stimulated glucose transport with impaired phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in fibroblasts. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999; 107: 148-154.
    • (1999) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.107 , pp. 148-154
    • Kausch, C.1    Bergemann, C.2    Hamann, A.3    Matthaei, S.4
  • 50
    • 0033304892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Book CB, Dunaif A. Selective insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 3110-3116.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 3110-3116
    • Book, C.B.1    Dunaif, A.2
  • 52
    • 0022413362 scopus 로고
    • Evidence from monoclonal antibody studies that insulin stimulates deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis through the type I somatomedin receptor
    • Van Wyk J, Graves D, Casella S, Jacobs S. Evidence from monoclonal antibody studies that insulin stimulates deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis through the type I somatomedin receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 61: 639-643.
    • (1985) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.61 , pp. 639-643
    • Van Wyk, J.1    Graves, D.2    Casella, S.3    Jacobs, S.4
  • 53
  • 54
    • 0036150067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of Cushingoid phenotype in a patient with Cushing's disease due to defective cortisone to cortisol conversion
    • Tomlinson J, Draper N, Mackie J, Johnson A, Holder G, Wood P, Stewart PM. Absence of Cushingoid phenotype in a patient with Cushing's disease due to defective cortisone to cortisol conversion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 57-62.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 57-62
    • Tomlinson, J.1    Draper, N.2    Mackie, J.3    Johnson, A.4    Holder, G.5    Wood, P.6    Stewart, P.M.7
  • 57
    • 0034163768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin attenuates the stimulatory effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in human adipose stromal cells
    • Handoko K, Yang K, Strutt B, Khalil W, Killinger D. Insulin attenuates the stimulatory effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in human adipose stromal cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 72: 163-168.
    • (2000) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.72 , pp. 163-168
    • Handoko, K.1    Yang, K.2    Strutt, B.3    Khalil, W.4    Killinger, D.5
  • 58
    • 0036344883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance during puberty and future fat accumulation
    • Travers SH, Jeffers BW, Eckel RH. Insulin resistance during puberty and future fat accumulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 3814-3818.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 3814-3818
    • Travers, S.H.1    Jeffers, B.W.2    Eckel, R.H.3
  • 59
    • 0036150068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and the persistence of obesity from childhood into adulthood
    • Maffeis C. Insulin resistance and the persistence of obesity from childhood into adulthood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 71-76.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 71-76
    • Maffeis, C.1
  • 60
    • 0030792135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fasting hyperinsulinemia is a predictor of increased body weight gain and obesity in Pima Indian children
    • Odaleye O, de Courten M, Pettitt D, Ravussin E. Fasting hyperinsulinemia is a predictor of increased body weight gain and obesity in Pima Indian children. Diabetes 1997; 46: 1341-1345.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 1341-1345
    • Odaleye, O.1    de Courten, M.2    Pettitt, D.3    Ravussin, E.4
  • 61
    • 0020367648 scopus 로고
    • Multiple androgenic abnormalities, including elevated free testosterone, in hyperprolactinemic women
    • Glickman SP, Rosenfield RL, Bergenstal RM, Helke J. Multiple androgenic abnormalities, including elevated free testosterone, in hyperprolactinemic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982; 55: 251.
    • (1982) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.55 , pp. 251
    • Glickman, S.P.1    Rosenfield, R.L.2    Bergenstal, R.M.3    Helke, J.4
  • 62
    • 7244254371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperprolactinemia in children during the peripubertal period-personal observations
    • Noczynska A, Wasikowa R. Hyperprolactinemia in children during the peripubertal period-personal observations. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2004; 17: 1399-1404.
    • (2004) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.17 , pp. 1399-1404
    • Noczynska, A.1    Wasikowa, R.2
  • 63
    • 0023387086 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of L-dopa and bromocriptine on serum PRL, LH and FSH levels in patients with hyperprolactinemic and normoprolactinemic polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Prelevic G, Wurzburger M, Peric L. Acute effects of L-dopa and bromocriptine on serum PRL, LH and FSH levels in patients with hyperprolactinemic and normoprolactinemic polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 1987; 10: 389-395.
    • (1987) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.10 , pp. 389-395
    • Prelevic, G.1    Wurzburger, M.2    Peric, L.3
  • 64
    • 0346725827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004; 81: 19-25.
    • Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004; 81: 19-25.
  • 65
    • 0036884238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical Management Guidelines for Obstetrician-Gynecologists: Number 41, December 2002
    • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical Management Guidelines for Obstetrician-Gynecologists: Number 41, December 2002. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 100: 1389-1402.
    • (2002) Obstet Gynecol , vol.100 , pp. 1389-1402
  • 66
    • 85047696604 scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion
    • Ehrmann DA, Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL. Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion. Endocr Rev 1995; 16: 322-353.
    • (1995) Endocr Rev , vol.16 , pp. 322-353
    • Ehrmann, D.A.1    Barnes, R.B.2    Rosenfield, R.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.