Women's roles on U.S. Fortune 500 boards: Director expertise and committee memberships

Journal of Business Ethics

Volumn 72, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 177-196

  Peterson, Craig A ^a   Philpot, James ^b  

^a WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Board committees; Boards of directors; Corporate governance; Gender issues; Resource dependence

Indexed keywords

EID: 33947410915     PISSN: 01674544     EISSN: 15730697     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10551-006-9164-8     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Adler, N. J.: 1984, 'Women in International Management: Where Are They?', California Management Review 26(4), 78-89.
2. Anderson, C. A. and R. N. Anthony: 1986, The New Corporate Directors: Insights for Board Members and Executives (John Wiley & Sons, New York).
3. Anderson, R. and J. Bizjak: 2003, 'An Empirical Examination of the Role of the CEO and the Compensation Committee in Structuring Executive Pay', Journal of Banking and Finance 27(7), 1323.
4. Anonymous: 1980, 'The Overview Committees of the Board of Directors', Business Lawyer 35, 1335-1342.
5. Anonymous: 2004, 'One in Nine Corporate Directors of FP500 are Women in Latest Count', Women in Management Review 19(5/6), 276.
6. Anonymous: 2005, 'Getting Women on to UK Boards', Available online at http://www.womenandequalityunit.gov.uk/boardroom_diversity/index.htm.
7. Baysinger, B. and H. Butler: 1985, 'Corporate Governance and the Board of Directors: Performance Effects of Changes in Board Composition', Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 1, 101-124.
8. Bergeron, D. M., C. J. Block and A. Echtenkamp: 2006, 'Disabling the Able: Stereotype Threat and Women's Work Performance', Human Performance 19(2), 133-158.
9. Bilimoria, D.: 2000, 'Building the Business Case for Women Corporate Directors', in R. J. Burke and M. C. Mattis (eds.), Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: International Challenges and Opportunities (Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands), pp. 25-40.
10. Bilimoria, D. and S. K. Piderit: 1994, 'Board Committee Membership: Effects of Gender-based Bias', Academy of Management Journal 37(8), 1453-1477.
11. Bradshaw, P.: 1990, 'Women in the Boardroom: Two Interpretations', Faculty of Administrative Studies, York University, unpublished manuscript.
12. Braiotta, L., Jr. and A. A. Sommer: 1987, The Essential Guide to Effective Corporate Board Committees (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ).
13. Browder, D.: 1995, 'Shareholders are Valuing Diversity', Directors and Boards 19(3), 12-15.
14. Burgess, Z. and P. Tharenou: 2002, 'Women Board Directors: Characteristics of the Few', Journal of Business Ethics 37(1), 39-49.
15. Burke, R. J.: 1994a, 'Benefits of Women on Corporate Boards of Directors as Reported by Male CEOs', Psychological Reports 75(1), 329-330.
16. Burke, R. J.: 1994b, 'Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: Views of Canadian Chief Executive Officers', Women in Management Review 9(5), 3-10.
17. Burke, R. J.: 1995, 'Personal, Educational and Career Characteristics of Canadian Women Directors', Equal Opportunities International 14(8), 1-10.
18. Burke, R. J.: 1996, 'Why Aren't More Women on Corporate Boards?: Views of Women Directors', Psychological Reports 79(3), 840-842.
19. Burke, R. J.: 1997, 'Women Directors: Selection, Acceptance, and Benefits of Board Membership', Corporate Governance 7(4), 374-378.
20. Burke, R. J.: 2000a, 'Company Size, Board Size and the Numbers of Women Corporate Directors', in R. J. Burke and M. C. Mattis (eds.), Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: International Challenges and Opportunities. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands), pp. 118-125.
21. Burke, R. J.: 2000b, 'Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: Understanding the Context', in R. J. Burke and M. C. Mattis (eds.), Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: International Challenges and Opportunities (Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands), pp. 179-196.
22. Buttner, E. H. and D. P. Moore: 1997, 'Women's Organizational Exodus to Entrepreneurship: Self-reported Motivations and Correlates with Success', Journal of Small Business Management 35(1), 34-46.
23. Briggins, A.: 1998, 'Equity Lacking in the Boardroom', Management Review 87(2), 6.
24. Carter, D. A., B. J. Simpkins and W. G. Simpson: 2003, 'Corporate Governance, Board Diversity and Firm Value', Financial Review 38, 33-53.
25. Catalyst: 1995, The CEO view: Women on Corporate Boards (Catalyst, New York).
26. Catalyst: 2003a, Catalyst Census of Women Board Directors (Catalyst, New York).
27. Catalyst: 2003b, Catalyst Census of Women Board Directors in Canada (Catalyst, New York).
28. Cohen, J., P. Cohen, S. G. West and L. S. Aiken: 2003, Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences 3 (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, NJ).
29. Daily, C. M. and S. T. Certo: 1999, 'A Decade of Corporate Women: Some Progress in the Boardroom, None in the Executive Suite', Strategic Management Journal 20(1), 93-99.
30. Dalton, D. R. and I. F. Kesner: 1993, 'Cracks in the Glass: The Silent Competence of Women', Business Horizons 36(2), 6-11.
31. Daum, J.: 1998, 'Women on board!', Chief Executive, October, 40-43.
32. Dogar, R.: 1997, 'Crony Baloney', Working Women 22(1), 34-37.
33. Ehrhart, N. L., J. D. Werbel and C. B. Shrader: 2003, 'Board of Director Diversity and Finn Financial Performance', Corporate Governance 11(2), 102-111.
34. Fama, E. and M. Jensen: 1983, 'Separation of Ownership and Control', Journal of Law and Economics 26(2), 301-338.
35. Fryxell, G. E. and L. D. Lerner: 1989, 'Contrasting Corporate Profiles: Women and Minority Representation in Top Management Positions', Journal of Business Ethics 8(5), 341-352.
36. Fondas, N.: 2000, 'Women on Boards of Directors: Gender Bias or Power Threat?', in R. J. Burke and M. C. Mattis (eds.), Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: International Challenges and Opportunities (Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands), pp. 171-177.
37. Fuchs, D., M. M. Tamkins, M. E. Heilman and A. S. Wallen: 2004, 'Penalties for Success: Reactions to Women Who Succeed at Male Gendered-Typed Tasks', Journal of Applied Psychology 89(3), 416-427.
38. Hager, M., P. Rooney and T. Pollak: 2002, 'How Fundraising is Carried Out in US Nonprofit Organisations', International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing 7(4), 311-324.
39. Heilman, M. E. and M. C. Haynes: 2005, 'No Credit where Credit is Due: Attributional Rationalization of Women's Success in Male-Female Teams', Journal of Applied Psychology 90(5), 905-916.
40. Hillman, A. J., A. A. Cannella, Jr. and R. L. Paetzold: 2000, 'The Resource Dependence Role of Corporate Directors: Strategic Adaptation of Board Composition in Response to Environmental Change', Journal of Management Studies 37(2), 235-255.
41. Hillman, A. J., A. A. Cannella, Jr. and I. C. Harris: 2002, 'Women and Racial Minorities in the Boardroom: How do Directors Differ?', Journal of Management 28(6), 747-763.
42. Jago, A. G. and V. H. Vroom: 1982, 'Gender Differences in the Incidence and Evaluation of Participative Leader Behavior', Journal of Applied Psychology 67(6), 770-783.
43. Kenny, R. M.: 2004, 'Executive Committee: A Vestigial Appendage', Directors and Boards 28(4), 43.
44. Kesner, I. F.: 1988, 'Directors' Characteristics and Committee Membership: An Investigation of Type, Occupation, Tenure, and Gender', Academy of Management Journal 31(1), 66-84.
45. Klein, A.: 1998, 'Firm Productivity and Board Committee Structure', Journal of Law and Economics 41, 275-303.
46. Koretz, G.: 1997, 'A Boardroom Gender Gap; Women Say They Get Short Shrift', Business Week, November 24, 32.
47. Koretz G.: 2000, 'Women in the Boardroom; Why Their Presence Can Be a Plus', Business Week, September 25, 30.
48. Krantz, M.: 2004, 'More Women Take CFO Roles', USA Today, October 12.
49. Kuczynski, S.: 1999, 'If Diversity, then Higher Profits?', HR Magazine 44(13), 66-74.
50. Lichtenberg, R.: 2005, 'Now is the Time for Women to ask for a Seat at the Table', Canadian HR Reporter, 18 (14), August 15, 18.
51. Mattis, M. C.: 2000, 'Women Corporate Directors in the United States', in R. J. Burke and M. C. Mattis (eds.), Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: International Challenges and Opportunities (Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands), pp. 43-56.
52. Millstein, I. M.: 1999, 'Introduction to the Report and Recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving the Effectiveness of Corporate Audit Committees', Business Laivyer 54, 1057-1096.
53. Mitchell, L. E.: 2002, 'Corporate Irresponsibility', Benefits Canada 26(7), 23-25.
54. NASDAQ Corporate Governance Summary of Rules Changes, Revised November 2003. Available online at http://www.nasdaq.com/about/CorpGovSummary.pdf.
55. Nieva, V. F. and B. A. Gutek: 1980, 'Gender Effects on Evaluation', Academy of Management Review 5(2), 267-276.
56. Newman, H. and H. Mozes: 1999, 'Does the Composition of the Compensation Committee Influence CEO Compensation Practices?', Financial Management 28, 41-53.
57. NYSE Listed Company Manual, Section 3: Corporate Responsibility, 303A.OO Corporate Governance Standards. Revised November 3, 2003. Available online at http://www.NYSE.com/audience/listedcompanies.html.
58. O'Neal, D. and H. Thomas: 1995, 'Director Networks/ Director Selection: The Board's Strategic Role', European Management. Journal 13, 79-90.
59. Pfeffer, J.: 1973, 'Size, Composition, and Function of Hospital Boards of Directors: A Study of Organization - Environmental Linkage', Administrative Science Quarterly 18, 349-364.
60. Pfeffer, J. and G. R. Salancik: 1978, The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (Harper & Row, New York).
61. Pindyck, R. S. and D. L. Rubinfeld: 1991, Econometric Models and Economic Forecasts (McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York).
62. Schwartz, F. N.: 1980, 'From the Boardroom: More Women than Meet the Eye', Harvard Business Review 58(2), 6-18.
63. Securities and Exchange Commission: 1982, 'Analysis of Results of 1981 Proxy Statement Disclosure Monitoring Program,' Title 17 Code of Federal Regulations, sec. 241 (March), p. 38, in L. Braiotta Jr. and A. A. Sommer Jr.: 1987, The Essential Guide to Effective Corporate Board Committees (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ).
64. Sethi, S. P., C. L. Swanson and K. R. Harrigan: 1981, Women Directors on Corporate Boards (Center for Research in Business and Social Policy, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas).
65. Singh, V. and S. Vinnicombe: 2003, 'The 2002 Female FTSE Index and Women Directors', Women in Management Review 18((7), 349-358.
66. SmartPros Editorial Staff, 2000: 'Survey: Women Partners Gaining Ground at Large Firms', available online at http://www.accountingnet.com, October 25.
67. Steane, P. D. and M. Christie: 2001, 'Non-profit Boards in Australia: A Distinctive Governance Approach', Corporate Governance: An International Review 9(1), 48-60.
68. Taylor, E.: 2002, 'Family Finns Embrace Feminine Mystique - New Succession Models Take Daughters Into Account', Wall Street Journal, March 6, B5.
69. Terborg, J. R. and D. R. Ilgen: 1975, 'A Theoretical Approach to Gender Discrimination in Traditionally Masculine Occupations', Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 13, 352-376.
70. U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Survey of Business Owners, July 28, 2005.
71. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), 'Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred' surveys, October 2002.
72. Vafeos, N.: 2003, 'Further Evidence on Compensation Committee Composition as a Determinant of CEO Compensation', Managerial Finance 32(2), 53-70.
73. Weisul, K.: 2003, 'Make Way for Madame Director: Corporate Reform is Creating Unexpected Openings for Women in the Boardroom', Business Week, December 22, 57.
74. Vafeos, N.: 1999, 'The Nature of Board Nominating Committees and Their Role in Corporate Governance', Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 26(1-2), 199-225.
75. Westphal, J. D. and L. P. Milton: 2000, 'How Experience and Network Ties Affect the Influence of Demographic Minorities on Corporate Boards', Administrative Science Quarterly 45, 366-398.
76. Williams, R. J.: 2003, 'Women on Corporate Boards of Directors and their Influence on Corporate Philanthropy', Journal of Business Ethics 42(1), 1-10.