Chronic toxicity of diethyl phthalate-A three generation lactational and gestational exposure study on male Wistar rats

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 319-327

  Pereira, Contzen ^a   Mapuskar, Kranti ^a   Rao, C Vaman ^a  

^a ST XAVIER S COLLEGE   (India)

Author keywords

Diethyl phthalate (DEP); Enzymes; Histology; Serum

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; CHOLESTEROL; CORN OIL; GLUTATHIONE; PHTHALIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; CELL VACUOLE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CHRONIC TOXICITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; GESTATION PERIOD; HISTOLOGY; LACTATION; LIVER FATTY DEGENERATION; LIVER LEVEL; MALE; MATING; NONHUMAN; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; WEANING; WISTAR RAT;

RATTUS; RATTUS NORVEGICUS; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 33847032035     PISSN: 13826689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2006.12.005     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Api A.M. Toxicological profile of diethyl phthalate: a vehicle for fragrance and cosmetic ingredients. Food Chem. Toxicol. 39 (2001) 97-108
2. ATSDR, 1995. Toxicological Profile for Diethyl Phthalate. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Atlanta, GA. Available: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp73.html (accessed 21 June 2005).
3. Bernt E., and Bergmeyer H.U. Glutathione and glutathione reductase. In: Bergmeyer H.U. (Ed). Methods of Enzymatic Analysis vol. 4 (1974), Verlag Chemie Weinheim, Academic Press, New York 1643-1647
4. Blount B.C., Silva M.J., Caudill S.P., et al. Levels of seven urinary phthalate metabolites in a human reference population. Environ. Health Perspect. 108 (2000) 979-982
5. Bray T.M., and Taylor C.G. Tissue glutathione, nutrition and oxidative stress. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 71 (1993) 746-751
6. Brown D., Butterworth K.R., Gaunt I.F., Grasso P., and Gangolli S.D. Short term oral toxicity study of diethyl phthalate in the rat. Food Cosmetics Toxicol. 16 5 (1978) 415-422
7. Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR), 1985. Final report on the safety assessment of dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, and diethyl phthalate. J. Am. College Toxicol. 4(3), 267-303.
8. Devchand P.R., Keller H., Peters J.M., Vazquez M., Gonzalez F.J., and Wahli W. The PPARα-leukotriene B4 pathway to inflammation control. Nature 384 (1996) 39-43
9. Duty S.M., Ackerman R.M., Calafat A.M., and Hauser R. Personal care product use predicts urinary concentrations of some phthalate monoesters. Environ. Health Perspect. 113 (2005) 1530-1535
10. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1981. Exposure and Risk Assessment for Phthalate Esters. EPA/440/4-81-020.
11. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1987. Health and environmental effects profile for phthalic acid esters. NTIS PB-89-120158.
12. Frings C.S., Fendly J.W., Dunn R.T., and Queen C.A. Improved determination of total serum lipid by the sulphophospho vanillin reaction. Clin. Chem. 18 1972 (1972) 673
13. Giam C.S., and Wong M.K. Plasticizers in food. J. Food Prot. 50 (1987) 769-782
14. Hauser R., and Calafat A.M. Phthalates and human health. Occup. Environ. Med. 62 (2005) 806-818
15. Hurst C.H., and Waxman D.J. Activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by environmental phthalate monoesters. Toxicol. Sci. 74 (2003) 297-308
16. Joblings S., Reynolds T., White R., Parker M.G., and Sumpter J.P. A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic. Environ. Health Perspect. 103 (1995) 582-587
17. Kato K., Silva M.J., Reidy J.A., Hurtz D., et al. Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Environ. Health. Perspect. 112 (2004) 327-330
18. Kavlock R., Boekelheide K., Chapin R., Cunningham M., Faustman E., Foster P., Golub M., Henderson R., Hinberg J., et al. NTP center for the evaluation of risks to human reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Reprod. Toxicol. 16 (2002) 529-653
19. Kavlock R., Boekelheide K., Chapin R., Cunningham M., Faustman E., Foster P., Golub M., Henderson R., Hinberg J., et al. NTP center for the evaluation of risks to human reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-isononyl phthalate. Reprod. Toxicol. 16 (2002) 679-708
20. Kavlock R., Boekelheide K., Chapin R., Cunningham M., Faustman E., Foster P., Golub M., Henderson R., Hinberg J., et al. NTP center for the evaluation of risks to human reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-n-octyl phthalate. Reprod. Toxicol. 16 (2002) 721-734
21. Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L., and Randall R.J. Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193 (1951) 265-275
22. Maloney E.K., and Waxman D.J. Trans-activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by structurally diverse environmental chemicals. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 161 (1999) 209-218
23. Meister A. The fall and rise of cellular glutathione levels: enzyme based approaches. Curr. Top Cell Regul. 26 (1985) 383-394
24. National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. (NHANES web site). 1 July 2001. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm. Accessed 10 October 2005.
25. National Toxicological Program (NTP), 1984. Diethyl phthalate: reproduction and fertility when administered in the feed. Research Triangle Park, NC, US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Toxicology Program (NTP-84-262).
26. Perivier H. An investigation of chemicals in 36 eaux de toilette and eaux parfum. Greenpeace Toxics Campaign (2005), Greenpeace International pp. 1-16
27. Reitman S., and Frankel S. A colorimetric method for the determination of oxaloacetic acid glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 28 (1957) 53-56
28. Rozati R., Reddy P.P., Reddanna P., and Mujtaba R. Role of environmental estrogens in deterioration of male factor fertility. Fertil. Steril. 78 6 (2002) 1187-1194
29. SCCNFP, 2002. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Consumers concerning Diethyl Phthalate. 20th Plenary Meeting of 4 June 2002. SCCNFP/0411/01 (final).
30. SCCNFP, 2003. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Consumers concerning Diethyl Phthalate. 26th Plenary meeting of 9 December 2003. SCCNFP/0767/03.
31. Silva M.J., Barr D.B., Reidy J.A., Malek N.A., Hodge C.C., and Caudill S.P. Urinary levels of seven phthalates metabolites in the U. S. population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000. Environ. Health Perspect. 112 (2004) 331-338
32. 14C-diethyl phthalate in rats. J. Pharma. Sci. 64 (1975) 1347-1350
33. Sonde V., D'Souza A., Tarapore R., Pereira L., Khare M.P., Sinkar P.U., Krishnan S., and Rao C.V. Simultaneous administration of diethylphthalate and ethyl alcohol and its toxicity in male Sprague Dawley rats. Toxicology 147 (2000) 23-31
34. US EPA, 1993. Integrated Risk Information System: Diethyl Phthalate (CASRN: 84-66-2). US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, at website http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0226.htm.
35. Wahl H.G., Hoffmann A., Häring H.U., and Liebich H.M. Identification of plasticizers in medical products by a combined direct thermodesorption-cooled injection system and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 847 (1999) 1-7
36. WHO, 2003. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 52. Diethyl Phthalate.
37. Wybenga D.R., and Pileggi J.M. Estimation of total serum/plasma cholesterol by sulphuric and ferric chloride reaction in acetic acid. Clin. Chem. 16 (1970) 980-984
38. Yu K., Bayano W., Kallen C.B., Harding H.P., Ravera C.P., McMahon G., Brown M., and Lazar M.A. Differntial activation of peroixisome proliferators-activated receptors by eicosanoids. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 23975-23983