trans-Activation of PPARα and PPARγ by structurally diverse environmental chemicals

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

Volumn 161, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 209-218

  Maloney, Erin K ^a   Waxman, David J ^a  

^a Boston University   (United States)

Author keywords

DEHP; Peroxisome proliferator chemical; PPAR; Trichloroethylene

Indexed keywords

CARCINOGEN; CELL NUCLEUS RECEPTOR; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL; HERBICIDE; HEXANOIC ACID DERIVATIVE; INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; PHENOXYACETIC ACID; PHTHALIC ACID 2 ETHYLHEXYL MONOESTER; PHTHALIC ACID BIS(2 ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER; PIRINIXIC ACID; TRICHLOROACETIC ACID; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; 2 (4 CHLORO 2 METHYLPHENOXY)ACETIC ACID; 2,4 DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; CELL RECEPTOR; ISOPROTEIN; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; TRANSACTIVATOR PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL STRAIN COS1; CELL TRANSFORMATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; GENOTOXICITY; METABOLITE; NONHUMAN; POLLUTANT; TOXICOKINETICS; ANIMAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; GENETICS; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MOUSE; PLASMID; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TRANSACTIVATION;

ANIMALIA; RODENTIA;

2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; 2-METHYL-4-CHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; ANIMALS; COS CELLS; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; HERBICIDES; HUMANS; MICE; PLASMIDS; PROTEIN ISOFORMS; RECEPTORS, CYTOPLASMIC AND NUCLEAR; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; TRANS-ACTIVATION (GENETICS); TRANS-ACTIVATORS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRANSFECTION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE;

EID: 0032585881     PISSN: 0041008X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/taap.1999.8809     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Albro P. W., Chapin R. E., Corbett J. T., Schroeder J., Phelps J. L. Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, a metabolite of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, causally linked to testicular atrophy in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 100:1989;193-200.
2. Albro P. W., Lavenhar S. R. Metabolism of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Drug Metab. Rev. 21:1989;13-34.
3. Astill B. D., Gingell R., Guest D., Hellwig J., Hodgson J. R., Kuettler K., Mellert W., Murphy S. R., Sielken R. L. Jr., Tyler T. R. Oncogenicity testing of 2-ethylhexanol in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 31:1996;29-41.
4. Blass C. R. PVC as a biomedical polymer - plasticizer and stabilizer toxicity. Med. Device Technol. 3:1992;32-40.
5. Brun R. P., Kim J. B., Hu E., Spiegelman B. M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the control of adipogenesis. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 8:1997;212-218.
6. Cattley R. C., DeLuca J., Elcombe C., Fenner-Crisp P., Lake B. G., Marsman D. S., Pastoor T. A., Popp J. A., Robinson D. E., Schwetz B., Tugwood J., Wahli W. Do peroxisome proliferating compounds pose a hepatocarcinogenic hazard to humans. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 27:1998;47-60.
7. Christensen J. G., Gonzales A. J., Cattley R. C., Goldsworthy T. L. Regulation of apoptosis in mouse hepatocytes and alteration of apoptosis by nongenotoxic carcinogens. Cell Growth Differ. 9:1998;815-825.
8. Cornu M. C., Lhuguenot J. C., Brady A. M., Moore R., Elcombe C. R. Identification of the proximate peroxisome proliferator(s) derived from di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate and species differences in response. Biochem. Pharmacol. 43:1992;2129-2134.
9. Davidson I. W., Beliles R. P. Consideration of the target organ toxicity of trichloroethylene in terms of metabolite toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab. Rev. 23:1991;493-599.
10. Elcombe C. R., Rose M. S., Pratt I. S. Biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural changes in rat and mouse liver following the administration of trichloroethylene: possible relevance to species differences in hepatocarcinogenicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 79:1985;365-376.
11. Fahl W. E., Lalwani N. D., Watanabe T., Goel S. K., Reddy J. K. DNA damage related to increased hydrogen peroxide generation by hypolipidemic drug-induced liver peroxisomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81:1984;7827-7830.
12. Fay R. M., Mumtaz M. M. Development of a priority list of chemical mixtures occurring at 1188 hazardous waste sites, using the HazDat database. Food Chem. Toxicol. 34:1996;1163-1165.
13. Gill J. H., James N. H., Roberts R. A., Dive C. The non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogen nafenopin suppresses rodent hepatocyte apoptosis induced by TGFbeta1, DNA damage and Fas. Carcinogenesis. 19:1998;299-304.
14. Goldsworthy T. L., Popp J. A. Chlorinated hydrocarbon-induced peroxisomal enzyme activity in relation to species and organ carcinogenicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 88:1987;225-233.
15. Gonzalez F. J., Peters J. M., Cattley R. C. Mechanism of action of the nongenotoxic peroxisome proliferators: role of the peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 90:1998;1702-1709.
16. Greene M. E., Blumberg B., McBride O. W., Yi H. F., Kronquist K., Kwan K., Hsieh L., Greene G., Nimer S. D. Isolation of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma cDNA: expression in hematopoietic cells and chromosomal mapping. Gene Expr. 4:1995;281-299.
17. Griffin R. J., Salemme J., Clark J., Myers P., Burka L. T. Biliary elimination of oral 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its metabolites in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, B6C3F1 mice, and Syrian hamsters. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 51:1997;401-413.
18. Hardell L., Eriksson M. A case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and exposure to pesticides. Cancer. 85:1999;1353-1360.
19. Holden P. R., Tugwood J. D. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha: role in rodent liver cancer and species differences. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 22:1999;1-8.
20. Huber W. W., Grasl-Kraupp B., Schulte-Hermann R. Hepatocarcinogenic potential of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in rodents and its implications on human risk. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 26:1996;365-481.
21. Ikeda T., Aiba K., Fukuda K. The induction of peroxisome proliferation in rat liver by perfluorinated fatty acids, metabolically inert derivatives of fatty acids. J. Biochem. 98:1985;475-482.
22. Intrasuksri U., Rangwala S. M., O'Brien M., Noonan D. J., Feller D. R. Mechanisms of peroxisome proliferation by perfluorooctanoic acid and endogenous fatty acids. Gen. Pharmacol. 31:1998;187-197.
23. Issemann I., Green S. Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators [see comments]. Nature. 347:1990;645-650.
24. James N. H., Gill J. H., Brindle R., Woodyatt N. J., Macdonald N., Rolfe M., Hasmall S. C., Tugwood J. D., Holden P. R., Roberts R. A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha-regulated growth responses and their importance to hepatocarcinogenesis. Toxicol. Lett. 102:1998;103.
25. Johnson B. L., DeRosa C. The toxicologic hazard of superfund hazardous-waste sites. Rev. Environ. Health. 12:1997;235-251.
26. Juge-Aubry C., Pernin A., Favez T., Burger A. G., Wahli W., Meier C. A., Desvergne B. DNA binding properties of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtypes on various natural peroxisome proliferator response elements. Importance of the 5′-flanking region. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;25252-25259.
27. Kasai H., Okada Y., Nishimura S., Rao M. S., Reddy J. K. Formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver DNA of rats following long-term exposure to a peroxisome proliferator. Cancer Res. 49:1989;2603-2605.
28. Keith Y., Cornu M. C., Canning P. M., Foster J., Lhuguenot J. C., Elcombe C. R. Peroxisome proliferation due to di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, 2- ethylhexanol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid. Arch. Toxicol. 66:1992;321-326.
29. Keller H., Devchand P. R., Perroud M., Wahli W. PPAR alpha structure-function relationships derived from species- specific differences in responsiveness to hypolipidemic agents. Biol. Chem. 378:1997;651-655.
30. Kliewer S. A., Forman B. M., Blumberg B., Ong E. S., Borgmeyer U., Mangelsdorf D. J., Umesono K., Evans R. M. Differential expression and activation of a family of murine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;7355-7359.
31. Kliewer S. A., Sundseth S. S., Jones S. A., Brown P. J., Wisely G. B., Koble C. S., Devchand P., Wahli W., Willson T. M., Lenhard J. M., Lehmann J. M. Fatty acids and eicosanoids regulate gene expression through direct interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94:1997;4318-4323.
32. Kluwe W. M. The relevance of hepatic peroxisome proliferation in rats to assessment of human carcinogenic risk for pharmaceuticals. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 20:1994;170-186.
33. Lee S. S., Pineau T., Drago J., Lee E. J., Owens J. W., Kroetz D. L., Fernandez-Salguero P. M., Westphal H., Gonzalez F. J. Targeted disruption of the alpha isoform of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene in mice results in abolishment of the pleiotropic effects of peroxisome proliferators. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1995;3012-3022.
34. Lehmann J. M., Moore L. B., Smith-Oliver T. A., Wilkison W. O., Willson T. M., Kliewer S. A. An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;12953-12956.
35. Lynge E. Cancer incidence in Danish phenoxy herbicide workers, 1947-1993. Environ. Health Perspect. 106:1998;683-688.
36. Ma H., Tam Q. T., Kolattukudy P. E. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma1 (PPAR-gamma1) as a major PPAR in a tissue in which estrogen induces peroxisome proliferation. FEBS Lett. 434:1998;394-400.
37. Marcus S. L., Miyata K. S., Zhang B., Subramani S., Rachubinski R. A., Capone J. P. Diverse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors bind to the peroxisome proliferator-responsive elements of the rat hydratase/dehydrogenase and fatty acyl-CoA oxidase genes but differentially induce expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;5723-5727.
38. Masters C., Crane D. On the role of the peroxisome in cell differentiation and carcinogenesis. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 187:1998;85-97.
39. Mattsson J. L., Charles J. M., Yano B. L., Cunny H. C., Wilson R. D., Bus J. S. Single-dose and chronic dietary neurotoxicity screening studies on 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 40:1997;111-119.
40. Melnick R. L., Morrissey R. E., Tomaszewski K. E. Studies by the National Toxicology Program on di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Toxicol. Ind. Health. 3:1987;99-118.
41. Miller R. E., Guengerich F. P. Metabolism of trichloroethylene in isolated hepatocytes, microsomes, and reconstituted enzyme systems containing cytochrome P-450. Cancer Res. 43:1983;1145-1152.
42. Muerhoff A. S., Griffin K. J., Johnson E. F. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor mediates the induction of CYP4A6, a cytochrome P450 fatty acid omega-hydroxylase, by clofibric acid. J. Biol. Chem. 267:1992;19051-19053.
43. Mukherjee R., Jow L., Noonan D., McDonnell D. P. Human and rat peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) demonstrate similar tissue distribution but different responsiveness to PPAR activators. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 51:1994;157-166.
44. Palmer C. N., Hsu M. H., Griffin H. J., Johnson E. F. Novel sequence determinants in peroxisome proliferator signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;16114-16121.
45. Palmer C. N., Hsu M. H., Griffin K. J., Raucy J. L., Johnson E. F. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha expression in human liver. Mol. Pharmacol. 53:1998;14-22.
46. Peters J. M., Cattley R. C., Gonzalez F. J. Role of PPAR alpha in the mechanism of action of the nongenotoxic carcinogen and peroxisome proliferator Wy-14,643. Carcinogenesis. 18:1997;2029-2033.
47. Rao M. S., Reddy J. K. Peroxisome proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 8:1987;631-636.
48. Reddy J. K., Azarnoff D. L., Hignite C. E. Hypolipidaemic hepatic peroxisome proliferators form a novel class of chemical carcinogens. Nature. 283:1980;397-398.
49. Reddy J. K., Goel S. K., Nemali M. R., Carrino J. J., Laffler T. G., Reddy M. K., Sperbeck S. J., Osumi T., Hashimoto T., Lalwani N. D., Rao M. S. Transcriptional regulation of peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase and enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase in rat liver by peroxisome proliferators. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83:1986;1747-1751.
50. Richburg J. H., Boekelheide K. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate rapidly alters both Sertoli cell vimentin filaments and germ cell apoptosis in young rat testes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 137:1996;42-50.
51. Roberts R. A., James N. H., Woodyatt N. J., Macdonald N., Tugwood J. D. Evidence for the suppression of apoptosis by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). Carcinogenesis. 19:1998;43-48.
52. Rothenbacher K. P., Kimmel R., Hildenbrand S., Schmahl F. W., Dartsch P. C. Nephrotoxic effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) hydrolysis products on cultured kidney epithelial cells. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 17:1998;336-342.
53. Schoonjans K., Martin G., Staels B., Auwerx J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, orphans with ligands and functions. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 8:1997;159-166.
54. Sher T., Yi H. F., McBride O. W., Gonzalez F. J. cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, and functional characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor. Biochemistry. 32:1993;5598-5604.
55. Sjoberg P. Effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and five of its metabolites on rat testis in vivo and in vitro. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 58:1986;225-233.
56. Sohlenius A. K., Lundgren B., DePierre J. W. Perfluorooctanoic acid has persistent effects on peroxisome proliferation and related parameters in mouse liver. J. Biochem. Toxicol. 7:1992;205-212.
57. Stott W. T. Chemically induced proliferation of peroxisomes: implications for risk assessment. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 8:1988;125-159.
58. Tontonoz P., Nagy L., Alvarez J. G., Thomazy V. A., Evans R. M. PPARgamma promotes monocyte/macrophage differentiation and uptake of oxidized LDL. Cell. 93:1998;241-252.
59. Tugwood J. D., Aldridge T. C., Lambe K. G., MacDonald N., Woodyatt N. J. Peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor: Structures and functions. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 804:1997;252-265.
60. Tyl R. W., Price C. J., Marr M. C., Kimmel C. A. Developmental toxicity evaluation of dietary di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in Fischer 344 rats and CD-1 mice. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 10:1988;395-412.
61. Vidal-Puig A. J., Considine R. V., Jimenez-Linan M., Werman A., Pories W. J., Caro J. F., Flier J. S. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene expression in human tissues. Effects of obesity, weight loss, and regulation by insulin and glucocorticoids. J. Clin. Invest. 99:1997;2416-2422.
62. Ward J. M., Peters J. M., Perella C. M., Gonzalez F. J. Receptor and nonreceptor-mediated organ-specific toxicity of di(2- ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-null mice. Toxicol. Pathol. 26:1998;240-246.
63. Waxman D. J. Role of metabolism in the activation of dehydroepiandrosterone as a peroxisome proliferator. J. Endocrinol. 150:1996;S129-S147.
64. Waxman D. J. P450 gene induction by structurally diverse xenochemicals: central role of nuclear receptors CAR, PXR and PPAR. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 369:1999;11-23.
65. Zhou Y. C., Waxman D. J. Cross-talk between janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) signaling pathways. Growth hormone inhibition of PPARalpha transcriptional activity mediated by STAT5b. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1999;2672-2681.
66. Zhu Y., Alvares K., Huang Q., Rao M. S., Reddy J. K. Cloning of a new member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene family from mouse liver. J. Biol. Chem. 268:1993;26817-26820.
67. Zhu Y., Qi C., Korenberg J. R., Chen X. N., Noya D., Rao M. S., Reddy J. K. Structural organization of mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (mPPAR gamma) gene: alternative promoter use and different splicing yield two mPPAR gamma isoforms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;7921-7925.