메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 56, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 231-248

Benefits and risks of long-term low-dose oral continuous combined hormone therapy

Author keywords

Continuous combined oestrogen progestagen combinations; Hormone therapy; Long term administration started in early postmenopausal women; Long term effect on bone; Long term endometrial safety; Low dose; Pharmacokinetics of estrogens; Pharmacokinetics of progestagens

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN PLUS MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; DESOGESTREL; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; DROSPIRENONE; DROSPIRENONE PLUS ESTRADIOL; DYDROGESTERONE; ESTRADIOL; ESTRADIOL PLUS NORETHISTERONE ACETATE; ESTRADIOL PLUS TRIMEGESTONE; ESTRADIOL VALERATE; ESTRADIOL VALERATE PLUS MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; ESTROGEN; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; LEVONORGESTREL; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; NOMEGESTROL; NORETHISTERONE ACETATE; PIPERAZINE ESTRONE SULFATE; PLACEBO; TRIMEGESTONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 33846894932     PISSN: 03785122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.08.004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (34)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0242657312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dose hormone replacement therapy: clinical efficacy
    • Mattsson L.-A., and Sporrong T. Low dose hormone replacement therapy: clinical efficacy. Minerva Ginecol 55 (2003) 201-207
    • (2003) Minerva Ginecol , vol.55 , pp. 201-207
    • Mattsson, L.-A.1    Sporrong, T.2
  • 2
    • 0035861469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy: the benefits in tailoring the regimen and dose
    • Gambacciani M., and Genazzani A.R. Hormone replacement therapy: the benefits in tailoring the regimen and dose. Maturitas 40 (2001) 195-201
    • (2001) Maturitas , vol.40 , pp. 195-201
    • Gambacciani, M.1    Genazzani, A.R.2
  • 3
    • 0037125379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
    • Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators
    • Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288 (2002) 321-333
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 321-333
  • 4
    • 32644436832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugated equine estrogens and coronary heart disease: the Women's Health Initiative
    • Hsia J., Langer R.D., Manson J.E., et al. Conjugated equine estrogens and coronary heart disease: the Women's Health Initiative. Arch Intern Med 166 (2006) 357-365
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , vol.166 , pp. 357-365
    • Hsia, J.1    Langer, R.D.2    Manson, J.E.3
  • 6
    • 0028230334 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of climacteric complaints: ready for the change?
    • Oldenhave A., and Netelenbos C. Pathogenesis of climacteric complaints: ready for the change?. Lancet 343 (1994) 649-653
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 649-653
    • Oldenhave, A.1    Netelenbos, C.2
  • 7
    • 0036244572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of the treatment of hot flushes: the population study of women in Gothenburg during a quarter of a century
    • Rödström K., Bengtsson C., Lissner L., Milsom I., Sundh V., and Bjorkelund C. A longitudinal study of the treatment of hot flushes: the population study of women in Gothenburg during a quarter of a century. Menopause 9 (2002) 156-161
    • (2002) Menopause , vol.9 , pp. 156-161
    • Rödström, K.1    Bengtsson, C.2    Lissner, L.3    Milsom, I.4    Sundh, V.5    Bjorkelund, C.6
  • 8
    • 18744411511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low-dose hormone therapy on menopausal symptoms, bone mineral density, endometrium, and the cardiovascular system: a review of randomized clinical trials
    • Peeyananjarassri K., and Baber R. Effects of low-dose hormone therapy on menopausal symptoms, bone mineral density, endometrium, and the cardiovascular system: a review of randomized clinical trials. Climacteric 8 (2005) 13-23
    • (2005) Climacteric , vol.8 , pp. 13-23
    • Peeyananjarassri, K.1    Baber, R.2
  • 9
    • 0005637656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of different HRT regimens on compliance
    • Doren M., and Schneider H.P. The impact of different HRT regimens on compliance. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 41 (1996) 29-39
    • (1996) Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud , vol.41 , pp. 29-39
    • Doren, M.1    Schneider, H.P.2
  • 10
    • 0019906926 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of pharmacodynamic properties of various estrogen formulations
    • Mashchak C.A., Lobo R.A., Dozono-Takano R., et al. Comparison of pharmacodynamic properties of various estrogen formulations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 144 (1982) 511-518
    • (1982) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.144 , pp. 511-518
    • Mashchak, C.A.1    Lobo, R.A.2    Dozono-Takano, R.3
  • 11
    • 0034611983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of pharmacokinetics of a conjugated equine estrogen preparation (Premarin) and a synthetic mixture of estrogens (C.E.S.) in postmenopausal women
    • Bhavnani B.R., Nisker J.A., Martin J., Aletebi F., Watson L., and Milne J.K. Comparison of pharmacokinetics of a conjugated equine estrogen preparation (Premarin) and a synthetic mixture of estrogens (C.E.S.) in postmenopausal women. J Soc Gynecol Investig 7 (2000) 175-183
    • (2000) J Soc Gynecol Investig , vol.7 , pp. 175-183
    • Bhavnani, B.R.1    Nisker, J.A.2    Martin, J.3    Aletebi, F.4    Watson, L.5    Milne, J.K.6
  • 12
    • 0032991269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioequivalence assessment of three different estradiol formulations in postmenopausal women in an open, randomized, single-dose, 3-way cross-over study
    • Timmer C.J., and Geurts T.B. Bioequivalence assessment of three different estradiol formulations in postmenopausal women in an open, randomized, single-dose, 3-way cross-over study. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 24 (1999) 47-53
    • (1999) Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet , vol.24 , pp. 47-53
    • Timmer, C.J.1    Geurts, T.B.2
  • 13
    • 4744353096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative pharmacokinetic study of micronized estradiol valerate administered alone and in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate in postmenopausal women
    • Saavedra I., Leon J., Prado J., Sanchez M.P., Lopez F., and Gaete L. A comparative pharmacokinetic study of micronized estradiol valerate administered alone and in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate in postmenopausal women. Ther Drug Monit 26 (2004) 482-485
    • (2004) Ther Drug Monit , vol.26 , pp. 482-485
    • Saavedra, I.1    Leon, J.2    Prado, J.3    Sanchez, M.P.4    Lopez, F.5    Gaete, L.6
  • 16
    • 0033955351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Libido: the biologic scenario
    • Graziottin A. Libido: the biologic scenario. Maturitas 34 Suppl. 1 (2000) S9-S16
    • (2000) Maturitas , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Graziottin, A.1
  • 17
    • 1942439064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological profile of progestins
    • Sitruk-Ware R. Pharmacological profile of progestins. Maturitas 47 (2004) 277-283
    • (2004) Maturitas , vol.47 , pp. 277-283
    • Sitruk-Ware, R.1
  • 18
    • 0023620857 scopus 로고
    • Absorption and metabolic effects of different types of estrogens and progestogens
    • Lobo R.A. Absorption and metabolic effects of different types of estrogens and progestogens. Menopause 14 (1987) 143-167
    • (1987) Menopause , vol.14 , pp. 143-167
    • Lobo, R.A.1
  • 19
    • 0032400929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptom relief and side effects of postmenopausal hormones: results from the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions trial
    • Greendale G.A., Reboussin B.A., Hogan P., et al. Symptom relief and side effects of postmenopausal hormones: results from the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions trial. Obstet Gynecol 92 (1998) 982-988
    • (1998) Obstet Gynecol , vol.92 , pp. 982-988
    • Greendale, G.A.1    Reboussin, B.A.2    Hogan, P.3
  • 20
    • 0024545958 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of continuous and sequential oestrogen-progestogen treatment in women with climacteric symptoms
    • Hovik P., Sundsbak H.P., Gaasemyr M., and Sabdvik L. Comparison of continuous and sequential oestrogen-progestogen treatment in women with climacteric symptoms. Maturitas 11 (1989) 75-82
    • (1989) Maturitas , vol.11 , pp. 75-82
    • Hovik, P.1    Sundsbak, H.P.2    Gaasemyr, M.3    Sabdvik, L.4
  • 21
    • 0034992739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relief of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate
    • Utian W.H., Shoupe D., Bachmann G., Pinkerton J.V., and Pickar J.H. Relief of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Fertil Steril 75 (2001) 1065-1079
    • (2001) Fertil Steril , vol.75 , pp. 1065-1079
    • Utian, W.H.1    Shoupe, D.2    Bachmann, G.3    Pinkerton, J.V.4    Pickar, J.H.5
  • 22
    • 0027203238 scopus 로고
    • Continuous low-dose oestrogen and progestogen hormone replacement therapy: a randomised trial
    • MacLennan A.H., MacLennan A., Wenzel S., et al. Continuous low-dose oestrogen and progestogen hormone replacement therapy: a randomised trial. Med J Aust 159 (1993) 102-106
    • (1993) Med J Aust , vol.159 , pp. 102-106
    • MacLennan, A.H.1    MacLennan, A.2    Wenzel, S.3
  • 23
    • 0037176786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of two dosages of a hormone replacement continuous combined regimen
    • Loh F.H., Chen L.H., Yu S.L., and Jorgensen L.N. The efficacy of two dosages of a hormone replacement continuous combined regimen. Maturitas 41 (2002) 123-131
    • (2002) Maturitas , vol.41 , pp. 123-131
    • Loh, F.H.1    Chen, L.H.2    Yu, S.L.3    Jorgensen, L.N.4
  • 24
    • 0032169355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do combinations of 1 mg oestradiol and low doses of NETA effectively control menopausal symptoms?
    • Bærug U., Winge T., Nordland G., et al. Do combinations of 1 mg oestradiol and low doses of NETA effectively control menopausal symptoms?. Climacteric 1 (1998) 219-228
    • (1998) Climacteric , vol.1 , pp. 219-228
    • Bærug, U.1    Winge, T.2    Nordland, G.3
  • 25
    • 33846934561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Product Monograph. Femoston/Femoston conti. Solvay Pharmaceuticals this all there is.
  • 26
    • 3242664107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estradiol and drospirenone for climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of three dose regimens
    • Schurmann R., Holler T., and Benda N. Estradiol and drospirenone for climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of three dose regimens. Climacteric 7 (2004) 189-196
    • (2004) Climacteric , vol.7 , pp. 189-196
    • Schurmann, R.1    Holler, T.2    Benda, N.3
  • 27
    • 0033676793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of varying low dose combinations of norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol (Fem HRT) on the frequency and intensity of vasomotor symptoms
    • Speroff L., Symons J., Kempfert N., and Rowan J. The effect of varying low dose combinations of norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol (Fem HRT) on the frequency and intensity of vasomotor symptoms. Menopause 7 (2000) 383-390
    • (2000) Menopause , vol.7 , pp. 383-390
    • Speroff, L.1    Symons, J.2    Kempfert, N.3    Rowan, J.4
  • 28
    • 0035200105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low dose continuous combined conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on menopausal symptoms, body weight, bone density and metabolism in postmenopausal women
    • Gambacciani M., Ciaponi M., Cappagli B., and Genazzani A.R. Effects of low dose continuous combined conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on menopausal symptoms, body weight, bone density and metabolism in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185 (2001) 1180-1185
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.185 , pp. 1180-1185
    • Gambacciani, M.1    Ciaponi, M.2    Cappagli, B.3    Genazzani, A.R.4
  • 29
    • 0039773572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing continuous combined hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women: a comparison of six different treatment regimens
    • Heikkinen J.E., Vaheri R.T., Ahomäki S.M., Kainulainen P.M.T., Viitanen A.T., and Timonen U.M. Optimizing continuous combined hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women: a comparison of six different treatment regimens. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182 (2000) 560-567
    • (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.182 , pp. 560-567
    • Heikkinen, J.E.1    Vaheri, R.T.2    Ahomäki, S.M.3    Kainulainen, P.M.T.4    Viitanen, A.T.5    Timonen, U.M.6
  • 30
    • 1642318709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A low-dose start in hormone replacement therapy provides a beneficial bleeding profile and few side-effects: randomized comparison with a conventional dose regimen
    • Mattsson L.-A., Skouby S.O., Heikkinen J., Vaheri R., Mäenpää J., and Timonen U. A low-dose start in hormone replacement therapy provides a beneficial bleeding profile and few side-effects: randomized comparison with a conventional dose regimen. Climacteric 7 (2004) 59-69
    • (2004) Climacteric , vol.7 , pp. 59-69
    • Mattsson, L.-A.1    Skouby, S.O.2    Heikkinen, J.3    Vaheri, R.4    Mäenpää, J.5    Timonen, U.6
  • 31
    • 23944506635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hip fracture: risk factors and outcomes
    • Wehren L.E., and Magaziner J. Hip fracture: risk factors and outcomes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 1 (2003) 78-85
    • (2003) Curr Osteoporos Rep , vol.1 , pp. 78-85
    • Wehren, L.E.1    Magaziner, J.2
  • 32
    • 23944514369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden of osteoporosis and fractures
    • Keen R.W. Burden of osteoporosis and fractures. Curr Osteoporos Rep 1 (2003) 66-70
    • (2003) Curr Osteoporos Rep , vol.1 , pp. 66-70
    • Keen, R.W.1
  • 33
    • 0029907556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density-results from the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions (PEPI) trial
    • Bush T.L., Wells H.B., James M.K., et al. Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density-results from the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions (PEPI) trial. JAMA 276 (1996) 1389-1396
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 1389-1396
    • Bush, T.L.1    Wells, H.B.2    James, M.K.3
  • 34
    • 1842867053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
    • Anderson G.L., Limacher M., Assaf A.R., et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291 (2004) 1701-1712
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 1701-1712
    • Anderson, G.L.1    Limacher, M.2    Assaf, A.R.3
  • 35
    • 0037157169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone in early postmenopausal women
    • Lindsay R., Gallagher J.C., Kleerekoper M., and Pickar J.H. Effect of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone in early postmenopausal women. JAMA 287 (2002) 2668-2676
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 2668-2676
    • Lindsay, R.1    Gallagher, J.C.2    Kleerekoper, M.3    Pickar, J.H.4
  • 36
    • 16844387152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone response to treatment with lower doses of conjugated estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate in early postmenopausal women
    • Lindsay R., Gallagher J.C., Kleerekoper M., and Pickar J.H. Bone response to treatment with lower doses of conjugated estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate in early postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 16 (2005) 372-379
    • (2005) Osteoporos Int , vol.16 , pp. 372-379
    • Lindsay, R.1    Gallagher, J.C.2    Kleerekoper, M.3    Pickar, J.H.4
  • 37
    • 0030918024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss with minimal uterine bleeding using low dose continuous estrogen/progestin therapy: a 2-year prospective study
    • Mizunuma H., Okano H., Soda M., et al. Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss with minimal uterine bleeding using low dose continuous estrogen/progestin therapy: a 2-year prospective study. Maturitas 27 (1997) 69-76
    • (1997) Maturitas , vol.27 , pp. 69-76
    • Mizunuma, H.1    Okano, H.2    Soda, M.3
  • 38
  • 39
    • 0037668921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmenopausal femur bone loss: effects of a low dose hormone replacement therapy
    • Gambacciani M., Ciaponi M., Cappagli B., et al. Postmenopausal femur bone loss: effects of a low dose hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 45 (2003) 175-183
    • (2003) Maturitas , vol.45 , pp. 175-183
    • Gambacciani, M.1    Ciaponi, M.2    Cappagli, B.3
  • 40
    • 0034509643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss: a comparison of high- and low-dose estrogen-progestin regimens
    • Heikkinen J., Vaheri R., Kainulainen P., and Timonen U. Long-term continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss: a comparison of high- and low-dose estrogen-progestin regimens. Osteoporos Int 11 (2000) 929-937
    • (2000) Osteoporos Int , vol.11 , pp. 929-937
    • Heikkinen, J.1    Vaheri, R.2    Kainulainen, P.3    Timonen, U.4
  • 41
    • 33846939634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heikkinen J, Haapalahti J. Effect of different dose options of continuous combined hormone therapy on bone and bone marker PINP-results from a long-term study in Finnish postmenopausal women. In: Genazzani AR, ed. Postmenopausal osteoporosis: hormones and other therapies, in press.
  • 42
    • 0034066108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combination of low doses of 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate prevents bone loss and normalizes bone turnover in postmenopausal women
    • Delmas P.D., Confavreux E., Garnero P., et al. A combination of low doses of 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate prevents bone loss and normalizes bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 11 (2000) 177-187
    • (2000) Osteoporos Int , vol.11 , pp. 177-187
    • Delmas, P.D.1    Confavreux, E.2    Garnero, P.3
  • 43
    • 27944505118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral hormone therapy with 17beta-estradiol and 17beta-estradiol in combination with norethindrone acetate in the prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women: dose-dependent effects
    • Greenwald M.W., Gluck O.S., Lang E., and Rakov V. Oral hormone therapy with 17beta-estradiol and 17beta-estradiol in combination with norethindrone acetate in the prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women: dose-dependent effects. Menopause 12 (2005) 741-748
    • (2005) Menopause , vol.12 , pp. 741-748
    • Greenwald, M.W.1    Gluck, O.S.2    Lang, E.3    Rakov, V.4
  • 44
    • 4043152983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trimegestone in a low dose continuous combined hormone therapy regimen prevents bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women
    • Warming L., Ravn P., Spielman D., Delmas P., and Christiansen C. Trimegestone in a low dose continuous combined hormone therapy regimen prevents bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women. Menopause 11 (2004) 337-342
    • (2004) Menopause , vol.11 , pp. 337-342
    • Warming, L.1    Ravn, P.2    Spielman, D.3    Delmas, P.4    Christiansen, C.5
  • 45
    • 1642287648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of drospirenone used in a continuous combination with 17β-estradiol for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
    • Warming L., Ravn P., Nielsen T., and Christiansen C. Safety and efficacy of drospirenone used in a continuous combination with 17β-estradiol for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Climacteric 7 (2004) 103-111
    • (2004) Climacteric , vol.7 , pp. 103-111
    • Warming, L.1    Ravn, P.2    Nielsen, T.3    Christiansen, C.4
  • 46
    • 0029992572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The comparative effect on bone density, endometrium and lipids of continuous hormones as replacement therapy (CHART study). A randomized controlled trial
    • Speroff L., Rowan J., Symons J., Genant H., and Wilborn W. The comparative effect on bone density, endometrium and lipids of continuous hormones as replacement therapy (CHART study). A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 276 (1996) 1397-1403
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 1397-1403
    • Speroff, L.1    Rowan, J.2    Symons, J.3    Genant, H.4    Wilborn, W.5
  • 47
    • 2342501362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fracture incidence in relation to the pattern of use of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women
    • for the Million Women Study Collaborators
    • Banks E., Beral V., Reeves G., Balkwill A., Barnes I., and for the Million Women Study Collaborators. Fracture incidence in relation to the pattern of use of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women. J Am Med Assoc 291 (2004) 2212-2220
    • (2004) J Am Med Assoc , vol.291 , pp. 2212-2220
    • Banks, E.1    Beral, V.2    Reeves, G.3    Balkwill, A.4    Barnes, I.5
  • 48
    • 33646143321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which progestogen is more likely to increase the risk of fatal myocardial infarction: a combination of epidemiological and trial evidence
    • Al-Azzawi F., Thompson J., and Stevenson J. Which progestogen is more likely to increase the risk of fatal myocardial infarction: a combination of epidemiological and trial evidence. Maturitas 54 (2006) 154-163
    • (2006) Maturitas , vol.54 , pp. 154-163
    • Al-Azzawi, F.1    Thompson, J.2    Stevenson, J.3
  • 49
    • 0032547326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women
    • Hulley S., Grady D., Bush T., et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. JAMA 280 (1998) 605-613
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 605-613
    • Hulley, S.1    Grady, D.2    Bush, T.3
  • 50
    • 0042093742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease
    • Manson J.E., Hsia J., Johnson K.C., et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 349 (2003) 523-534
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 523-534
    • Manson, J.E.1    Hsia, J.2    Johnson, K.C.3
  • 51
    • 0035861436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective bleeding control and symptom relief by lower dose regimens of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. A randomized comparative dose-ranging study
    • Bruhat M., Rudolf K., Vaheri R., Kainulainen P., Timonen U., and Viitanen A. Effective bleeding control and symptom relief by lower dose regimens of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. A randomized comparative dose-ranging study. Maturitas 40 (2001) 259-271
    • (2001) Maturitas , vol.40 , pp. 259-271
    • Bruhat, M.1    Rudolf, K.2    Vaheri, R.3    Kainulainen, P.4    Timonen, U.5    Viitanen, A.6
  • 52
    • 0036728322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in lipid and lipoprotein profile in postmenopausal women receiving low dose combinations of 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate
    • Samsioe G., Li C., Borgfeldt C., Wilawan K., Aberg A., and Larsen S. Changes in lipid and lipoprotein profile in postmenopausal women receiving low dose combinations of 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate. Menopause 9 (2002) 335-342
    • (2002) Menopause , vol.9 , pp. 335-342
    • Samsioe, G.1    Li, C.2    Borgfeldt, C.3    Wilawan, K.4    Aberg, A.5    Larsen, S.6
  • 53
    • 0036970664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differing effects of low dose estrogen-progestin therapy and pravastatin in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women
    • Davis S.R., Goldstat R., Newman A., et al. Differing effects of low dose estrogen-progestin therapy and pravastatin in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women. Climacteric 5 (2002) 341-350
    • (2002) Climacteric , vol.5 , pp. 341-350
    • Davis, S.R.1    Goldstat, R.2    Newman, A.3
  • 54
    • 1642388540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose oral combination of 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate in postmenopausal women decreases factor VII, fibrinogen, antithrombin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
    • Borgfeldt C., Li C., and Samsioe G. Low-dose oral combination of 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate in postmenopausal women decreases factor VII, fibrinogen, antithrombin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Climacteric 7 (2004) 78-85
    • (2004) Climacteric , vol.7 , pp. 78-85
    • Borgfeldt, C.1    Li, C.2    Samsioe, G.3
  • 56
    • 10744221848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic, inflammatory and haemostatic effects of a low dose continuous combined HRT in women with type 2 diabetes: potentially safer with respect to vascular risk?
    • McKenzie J., Jaap A.J., Gallacher S., et al. Metabolic, inflammatory and haemostatic effects of a low dose continuous combined HRT in women with type 2 diabetes: potentially safer with respect to vascular risk?. Clin Endocrinol 59 (2003) 682-689
    • (2003) Clin Endocrinol , vol.59 , pp. 682-689
    • McKenzie, J.1    Jaap, A.J.2    Gallacher, S.3
  • 57
    • 0034950083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, coagulation factors, and carbohydrate metabolism
    • Lobo R.A., Bush T., Carr B.R., and Pickar J.H. Effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, coagulation factors, and carbohydrate metabolism. Fertil Steril 76 (2001) 13-24
    • (2001) Fertil Steril , vol.76 , pp. 13-24
    • Lobo, R.A.1    Bush, T.2    Carr, B.R.3    Pickar, J.H.4
  • 58
    • 9244226018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term safety and tolerability of continuous combined hormone therapy in postmenopausal women: results from a seven-year randomised comparison of low and standard doses
    • Heikkinen J., Vaheri R., and Timonen U. Long-term safety and tolerability of continuous combined hormone therapy in postmenopausal women: results from a seven-year randomised comparison of low and standard doses. J Br Men Soc 10 (2004) 95-102
    • (2004) J Br Men Soc , vol.10 , pp. 95-102
    • Heikkinen, J.1    Vaheri, R.2    Timonen, U.3
  • 59
    • 20444423867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bleeding pattern, efficacy and acceptance of low dose continuous combined HRT with estradiol/norethisterone acetate switching directly from oral contraception
    • Mueck A.O., Rakov V., Keller H., and Hilgers R.D. Bleeding pattern, efficacy and acceptance of low dose continuous combined HRT with estradiol/norethisterone acetate switching directly from oral contraception. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkunde 65 (2005) 389-395
    • (2005) Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkunde , vol.65 , pp. 389-395
    • Mueck, A.O.1    Rakov, V.2    Keller, H.3    Hilgers, R.D.4
  • 60
    • 0034955472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate
    • Pickar J.H., Yeh I., Wheeler J.E., Cunnane M.F., and Speroff L. Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Fertil Steril 76 (2001) 25-31
    • (2001) Fertil Steril , vol.76 , pp. 25-31
    • Pickar, J.H.1    Yeh, I.2    Wheeler, J.E.3    Cunnane, M.F.4    Speroff, L.5
  • 61
    • 0242661467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate: two-year substudy results
    • Pickar J.H., Yeh I.T., Wheeler J.E., Cunnane M.F., and Speroff L. Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate: two-year substudy results. Fertil Steril 80 (2003) 1234-1240
    • (2003) Fertil Steril , vol.80 , pp. 1234-1240
    • Pickar, J.H.1    Yeh, I.T.2    Wheeler, J.E.3    Cunnane, M.F.4    Speroff, L.5
  • 62
    • 18144421167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study
    • Beral V., Bull D., and Reeves G. Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet 365 (2005) 1543-1551
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1543-1551
    • Beral, V.1    Bull, D.2    Reeves, G.3
  • 63
    • 0037246321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women who receive combined norethindrone acetate and low dose ethinyl estradiol therapy versus combined conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy
    • Simon J.A., Liu J.H., Speroff L., Shumel B.S., and Symons J.P. Reduced uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women who receive combined norethindrone acetate and low dose ethinyl estradiol therapy versus combined conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188 (2003) 92-99
    • (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.188 , pp. 92-99
    • Simon, J.A.1    Liu, J.H.2    Speroff, L.3    Shumel, B.S.4    Symons, J.P.5
  • 64
    • 0030581586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of hospital admission for idiopathic venous thromboembolism among users of postmenopausal oestrogens
    • Jick H., Derby L.E., Myers M.W., Vasilakis C., and Newton K.M. Risk of hospital admission for idiopathic venous thromboembolism among users of postmenopausal oestrogens. Lancet 348 (1996) 981-983
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 981-983
    • Jick, H.1    Derby, L.E.2    Myers, M.W.3    Vasilakis, C.4    Newton, K.M.5
  • 65
    • 0005637656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of different HRT regimens on compliance
    • Doren M., and Schneider H.P. The impact of different HRT regimens on compliance. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 41 (1996) 29-39
    • (1996) Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud , vol.41 , pp. 29-39
    • Doren, M.1    Schneider, H.P.2
  • 67
    • 0037465277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low-dose, continuous combined estradiol and norethisterone acetate on menopausal quality of life in early postmenopausal women
    • Gambacciani M., Ciaponi M., Cappagli B., et al. Effects of low-dose, continuous combined estradiol and norethisterone acetate on menopausal quality of life in early postmenopausal women. Maturitas 44 (2003) 157-163
    • (2003) Maturitas , vol.44 , pp. 157-163
    • Gambacciani, M.1    Ciaponi, M.2    Cappagli, B.3
  • 68
    • 30944467098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decade-long use of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy is associated with better health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women, as measured by the generic 15D instrument
    • Ylikangas S., Sintonen H., and Heikkinen J. Decade-long use of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy is associated with better health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women, as measured by the generic 15D instrument. J Br Men Soc 11 (2005) 145-151
    • (2005) J Br Men Soc , vol.11 , pp. 145-151
    • Ylikangas, S.1    Sintonen, H.2    Heikkinen, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.