Optimizing continuous-combined hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women: A comparison of six different treatment regimens

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 182, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 560-567

  Heikkinen, Jorma E ^a   Vaheri, Raija T ^b   Ahomäki, Satu M ^b   Kainulainen, Petri M T ^b   Viitanen, Antti T ^b   Timonen, Ulla M ^b  

^a OULU DEACONESS INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b Orion Pharma   (Finland)

Author keywords

Bleeding pattern; Climacteric symptoms; Continuous combined hormone replacement therapy; Endometrium; Estradiol valerate; Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL VALERATE PLUS MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; ESTROGEN; HORMONE;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ADULT; ANXIETY NEUROSIS; ARTICLE; CLIMACTERIUM; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ENDOMETRIUM BIOPSY; FEMALE; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; UTERUS BLEEDING;

EID: 0039773572     PISSN: 00029378     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1067/mob.2000.104767     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. 1. Compston JE. Osteoporosis. Clin Endocrinol 1990;33:653-82.
2. 2. Lindsay R, Hart DM, Aitkin JM, MacDonald EB, Anderson JB, Clarke AC. Long-term prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis by oestrogen. Evidence for an increased bone mass after delayed onset of oestrogen treatment. Lancet 1976;1:1038-41.
3. 3. Barrett-Connor F., Bush TL. Estrogen and coronary heart disease in women. JAMA 1991;265:1861-7.
4. 4. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, Speizer FE, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease: ten-year follow-up from the Nurses' Health Study. N Engl J Med 1991;325:756-62.
5. 5. Zichella L. Clinical management of postmenopausal woman. Int J Fertil 1993;38 Suppl 1:15-22.
6. 6. Brinton LA, Hoover RN. Estrogen replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: unresolved issues. The Endometrial Cancer Collaborative Group. Obstet Gynecol 1993;81:265-71.
7. 7. Gambrell RD Jr, Bagnell CA, Greenblatt RB. Role of estrogens and progesterone in the etiology and prevention of endometrial cancer: review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;146:696-707.
8. 8. Shapiro S, Kelly JP, Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, Helmrich SP, Rosenshein NB, et al. Risk of localised and widespread endometrial cancer in relation to recent and discontinued use of conjugated estrogens. N Engl J Med 1985;313:969-72.
9. 9. Whitehead MI, King RJ, McQueen J, Campbell S. Endometrial histology and biochemistry in climacteric women during oestrogen and oestrogen/progesiogen therapy. J R Soc Med 1979; 72:322-7.
10. 10. Mattsson L-A, Samsioe G. Estrogen-progestogen replacement in climacteric women, particularly as regards a new type of continuous regimen. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 1985; 130:53-8.
11. 11. Stadberg E, Mattsson L-A, Milsom I. Womens attitudes and knowledge about the climacteric period and its treatment. A Swedish population-based study. Maturitas 1997;27:109-16.
12. 12. Mattsson L-A, Cullberg G, Samsioe G. Evaluation of a continuous estrogen-progestogen regimen for climacteric complaints. Maturitas 1982;4:95-102.
13. 13. Eiken P, Kolthoff N. Compliance with long-term oral hormonal replacement therapy. Maturitas 1995;22:97-103.
14. 14. Halm RG. Compliance considerations with estrogen replacement: withdrawal bleeding and other factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:1854-8.
15. 15. Ulrich LG, Barlow DH, Sturdee DW, Wells M, Campbell MJ, Nielsen B, et al. Quality of life and patient preference for sequential versus continuous combined HRT: the UK Kliofem multicentre study experience Int. J Gynecol Obstet 1997;59 Suppl 1:S11-7.
16. 16. Ciocca DR, Roig LMV. Estrogen receptors in human nontarget tissues: biological and clinical implications. Endocr Rev 1995; 16:35-62.
17. 17. Stadberg E, Mattsson L-A, Uvebrant M. 17 β-estradiol and norethisterone acetate in low doses as continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 1996;23:31-9.
18. 18. Magos AL, Brincat M, Stud JWW, Wardle P, Schlesinger P, O'Dowd T. Amenorrhea and endometrial atrophy with continuous oral estrogen and progestogen therapy in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 1985;65:496-9.
19. 19. Mattsson L-A. Continuous combined HRT: a possible way to avoid uterine bleeding. In: Volume 49: the modern management of the menopause. A perspective for the 21st century. New York: Parthenon; 1993. p. 453-62.
20. 20. Barrett-Connor E. Hormone replacement therapy. BMJ 1998; 317:457-61.
21. 21. Doren M, Schneider HPG. Long-term compliance of continuous combined estrogen and progestogen replacement in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1996;25:99-105.
22. 22. Lauritzen C. HRT prescribing guidelines: dream or reality? Int J Gynecol Obstet 1996;52 Suppl 1:S3-9.