Postmenopausal femur bone loss: Effects of a low dose hormone replacement therapy

Maturitas

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 175-183

  Gambacciani, Marco ^a   Ciaponi, Massimo ^a   Cappagli, Barbara ^a   Monteleone, Patrizia ^a   Benussi, Caterina ^a   Bevilacqua, Gemma ^a   Genazzani, Andrea Riccardo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Bone turnover; Hormone replacement therapy; Postmenopausal femur bone loss

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; CREATININE; DYDROGESTERONE; GESTAGEN; HYDROXYPROLINE; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; NOMEGESTROL; OSTEOCALCIN;

ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; BLEEDING; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BODY MASS; BONE DENSITY; BONE METABOLISM; BONE MINERAL; BONE TURNOVER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; FEMALE; FEMUR; FEMUR NECK; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PELVIS PAIN SYNDROME; POSTMENOPAUSE; POSTMENOPAUSE OSTEOPOROSIS; SIDE EFFECT; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; URINARY EXCRETION; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; WEIGHT GAIN;

EQUIDAE;

EID: 0037668921     PISSN: 03785122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5122(03)00141-5     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Hodgson S.E., Watts N.B. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2001 medical guidelines for clinical practice for the prevention and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocr. Pract. 7:2001;294-312.
2. Hedlund L.R., Gallagher J.C. The effect of age and menopause on bone mineral density of the proximal femur. J. Bone Miner. Res. 4:1989;639-642.
3. Nilas L., Christiansen C. The pathophysiology of peri- and postmenopausal bone loss. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 96:1989;580-587.
4. Gambacciani M., Spinetti A., De Simone L., et al. The relative contributions of menopause and aging to postmenopausal vertebral osteopenia. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 77:1993;1148-1151.
5. Gambacciani M., Spinetti A., De Simone L., et al. Postmenopausal bone loss of the proximal femur: estimated contributions of menopause and aging. Menopause. 2:2000;169-174.
6. Lindsay R., Cosman F. Pathophysiology of bone loss. Lobo R. Treatment of the postmenopausal woman: basic and clinical aspects. 1999;305-314 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
7. Cummings S.R., Black D.M., Nevitt M.C., et al. Appendicular bone density and age predict hip fracture in women. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 263:1990;665-668.
8. Chrischilles E.A., Butler C.D., Davis C.S., et al. A model of lifetime osteoporosis impact. Arch. Intern. Med. 151:1991;2026-2032.
9. Hall S.E., Criddle R.A., Comito T.L., et al. A case-control study of quality of life and functional impairment in women with long-standing vertebral osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporos. Int. 9:1999;508-515.
10. Gambacciani M., Spinetti A., Taponeco F., et al. Bone loss in perimenopausal women: a longitudinal study. Maturitas. 18:1994;191-197.
11. Lindsay R. Estrogen therapy in the prevention and management of osteoporosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 156:1987;1347-1351.
12. Gambacciani M., Spinetti A., Taponeco F., Cappagli B., Piaggesi L., Fioretti P. Longitudinal evaluation of perimenopausal vertebral bone loss: effects of a low-dose oral contraceptive preparation on bone mineral density and metabolism. Obstet. Gynecol. 83:1994;392-396.
13. Ettinger B., Genant H.K., Cann C.E. Long-term estrogen replacement therapy prevents bone loss and fractures. Ann. Intern. Med. 102:1985;319-324.
14. Kiel D.P., Felson D.T., Anderson J.J., Wilson P.W.F., Moskowitz M.A. Hip fracture and the use of estrogens in postmenopausal women. The Framingham study. New Engl. J. Med. 317:1987;1169-1174.
15. Komulainen M.H., Kröger H., Tuppurainen M.T., et al. HRT and Vit D in prevention of non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women: a 5-year randomized trial. Maturitas. 31:1998;45-54.
16. Torgerson D.J., Bell-Syer S.E. Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of nonvertebral fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 285:(22):2001;2891-2897.
17. Ettinger B., Genant H.K., Cann C.E. Postmenopausal bone loss is prevented by treatment with low-dosage estrogen with calcium. Ann. Intern. Med. 106:1987;40-45.
18. Delmas P.D., Pornel B., Felsenberg D., et al. A dose-ranging trial of a matrix transdermal 17β-estradiol for the prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women. Bone. 24:1999;517-523.
19. Weinstein L., Bewtra C., Gallagher J.C. Evaluation of a continuous combined low-dose regimen of estrogen-progestin for treatment of the menopausal patient. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 162:1990;1534-1542.
20. Recker R.R., Davies K.M., Dowd R.M., Heaney R.P. The effect of low-dose continuous estrogen and progesterone therapy with calcium and vitamin D on bone in elderly women: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 130:1999;897-904.
21. Gambacciani M., Ciaponi M., Cappagli B., Genazzani A.R. Effects of low-dose, continuous combined conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on menopausal symptoms, body weight, bone density, and metabolism in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 185:2001;1180-1185.
22. Greene J.G. Constructing a standard climacteric scale. Maturitas. 29:1998;25-31.
23. Gambacciani M., Cappagli B., Piaggesi L., Ciaponi M., Genazzani A.R. Ipriflavone prevents the loss of bone mass in pharmacological menopause induced by GnRH-agonists. Calcif. Tissue Int. 61:(7):1997;15-18.
24. Rico H. The therapy of osteoporosis and the importance of cortical bone. Calcif. Tissue Int. 61:1997;431-432.
25. Gallagher J.C., Baylink D.J., Freeman R., McClung M. Prevention of bone loss with tibolone in postmenopausal women: results of two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding studies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86:2001;4717-4726.
26. Lindsay R., Hart D.M., Clark D.M. The minimum effective dose of estrogen for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Obstet. Gynecol. 63:(6):1984;759-763.
27. Genant H.K., Cann C.E., Ettinger B., Gordan G.S. Quantitative computed tomography of vertebral spongiosa: a sensitive method for detecting early bone loss after oophorectomy. Ann. Intern. Med. 97:(5):1982;699-705.
28. Gallagher J.C., Kable W.T., Goldgar D. Effect of progestin therapy on cortical and trabecular bone: comparison with estrogen. Am. J. Med. 90:(2):1991;171-178.
29. Lindsay R., Hart D.M., Clark D.M. The minimum effective dose of estrogen for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Obstet. Gynecol. 63:(6):1984;759-763.
30. Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density: results from the postmenstrual estogen/progestin interventions (PEPI) trial. The Writing Group for PEPI. J Am Med Assoc 1996;276(17):1389-96.
31. Riis B.J., Nilas L., Christiansen C. Does calcium potentiate the effect of estrogen therapy on postmenopausal bone loss? Bone Miner. 2:1987;1-9.
32. Komulainen M., Kroger H., Tuppurainen M.T., et al. Prevention of femoral and lumbar bone loss with hormone replacement therapy and vitamin D3 in early postmenopausal women: a population-based 5-year randomized trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84:1999;546-552.
33. Utian W., Shoupe D., Bachmann G., Pinkerton J., Pickar J.H. Relief of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Fertil. Steril. 75:2001;1065-1079.
34. Archer D.F., Dorin M., Lewis V., Schenider D.L., Pickar J.H. Effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on endometrial bleeding. Fertil. Steril. 75:2001;1080-1087.
35. Ettinger B. Personal perspective on low-dosage estrogen therapy for postmenopausal women. Menopause. 6:1999;273-276.
36. Genazzani A.R., Gambacciani M. Hormone replacement therapy: the perspectives for the 21st century. Maturitas. 32:1999;11-17.
37. Delmas P.D. HRT in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. J. Epidemiol. Biostat. 4:1999;155-160.