Evaluation of the evidence to support current recommendations to meet the needs of premature infants: The role of human milk

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 85, Issue 2, 2007, Pages

  Schanler, Richard J ^a,b,c  

^a SCHNEIDER CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c NORTH SHORE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Fortified human milk; Human milk; Premature infants

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL MILK; BODY WEIGHT; BREAST MILK; CONFERENCE PAPER; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; IMMATURITY; INFANT FEEDING; MILK; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NUTRIENT CONTENT; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; NUTRITIONAL VALUE; PREMATURITY; SEPSIS; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY;

EID: 33846884181     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.2.625s     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (41)

1. Schanler RJ. The use of human milk for premature infants. Pediatr Clin North Am 2001;48:207-20.
2. Ziegler EE, O'Donnell AM, Nelson SE, Fomon SJ. Body composition of the reference fetus. Growth 1976;40:329-41.
3. Polberger S. Quality of growth in preterm neonates fed individually fortified human milk. In: Battaglia FC, Pedraz C, Sawatzki G, et al, eds. Maternal and extrauterine nutritional factors. Their influence on fetal and infant growth. Madrid, Spain: Ediciones Ergon SA, 1996:395-403.
4. Neville MC, Keller RP, Seacat J, Casey CE, Allen JC, Archer P. Studies on human lactation. I. Within-feed and between-breast variation in selected components of human milk Am J Clin Nutr 1984;40:635-46.
5. Valentine CJ, Hurst NM, Schanler RJ. Hindmilk improves weight gain in low-birth-weight infants fed human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994;18:474-7.
6. Greer FR, McCormick A, Loker J. Changes in fat concentration of human milk during delivery by intermittent bolus and continuous mechanical pump infusion. J Pediatr 1984;105:745-9.
7. Schanler RJ. Special methods in feeding the preterm infant. In: Tsang RC, Nichols BL, eds. Nutrition during infancy. Philadelphia, PA: Hanley & Belfus, 1988:314-25.
8. Atkinson SA, Radde IC, Anderson GH. Macromineral balances in premature infants fed their own mothers' milk or formula. J Pediatr 1983;102:99-106.
9. Gross SJ. Growth and biochemical response of preterm infants fed human milk or modified infant formula. N Engl J Med 1983;308:237-41.
10. Kashyap S, Schulze KF, Forsyth M, Dell RB, Ramakrishnan R, Heird WC. Growth, nutrient retention, and metabolic response of low-birth-weight infants fed supplemented and unsupplemented preterm human milk. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:254-62.
11. Rowe JC, Wood DH, Rowe DW, Raisz LG. Nutritional hypophosphatemic rickets in a premature infant fed breast milk. N Engl J Med 1979;300:293-6.
12. Pettifor JM, Stein H, Herman A. Mineral homeostasis in very low birth weight infants fed either own mother's milk or pooled pasteurized preterm milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1986;5:248-53.
13. Lucas A, Brooke OG, Baker BA, Bishop N, Morley R. High alkaline phosphatase activity and growth in preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child 1989;64:902-9.
14. Fewtrell MS, Cole TJ, Bishop NJ, Lucas A. Neonatal factors predicting childhood height in preterm infants: evidence for a persisting effect of early metabolic bone disease? J Pediatr 2000;137:668-73.
15. Roy RN, Chance GW, Radde IC, Hill DE, Willis DM, Sheepers J. Late hyponatremia in very low birthweight infants. Pediatr Res 1976;10:526-3l.
16. Obladen M, Loui A, Kampmann W, Renz H. Zinc deficiency in rapidly growing preterm infants. Acta Paediatr 1998;87:685-91.
17. Polberger SKT, Axelsson IA, Raiha NCR. Growth of very low birth weight infants on varying amounts of human milk protein. Pediatr Res 1989;25:414-9.
18. Kuschel CA, Harding JE. Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;2:CD000433.
19. Schanler RJ, Garza C. Improved mineral balance in very low birth weight infants fed fortified human milk. J Pediatr 1987;112:452-6.
20. Kuschel CA, Harding JE. Multicomponent fortified human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;1:CD000343.
21. Hylander MA, Strobino DM, Dhanireddy R. Human milk feedings and infection among very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics [serial online] 1998;102:e38. Internet: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/102/3/e38 (accessed 18 December 2006).
22. Lucas A, Cole TJ. Breast milk and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Lancet 1990;336:1519-23.
23. Contreras-Lemus J, Flores-Huerta S, Cisneros-Silva I, et al. Disminucion de la morbilidad en neonatos pretermino alimentados con leche de su propia madre. [Morbidity reduction in preterm newborns fed with milk of their own mothers.] Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 1992;49:671-7(in Spanish).
24. Schanler RJ, Shulman RJ, Lau C. Feeding strategies for premature infants: beneficial outcomes of feeding fortified human milk vs preterm formula. Pediatrics 1999;103:1150-7.
25. Furman L, Taylor G, Minich N, Hack M. The effect of maternal milk on neonatal morbidity of very low-birth-weight infants. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157:66-71.
26. de Silva A, Jones PW, Spenser SA. Does human milk reduce infection rates in preterm infants? A systematic review. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2004;89:F509-13.
27. Lucas A, Cole TJ, Morley R, et al. Factors associated with maternal choice to provide breastmilk for low birth weight infants. Arch Dis Child 1988;59:722-30.
28. Schanler RJ, Lau C, Hurst NM, Smith EO. Randomized trial of donor human milk versus preterm formula as substitutes for mothers' own milk in the feeding of extremely premature infants. Pediatrics 2005;116:400-6.
29. Lucas A, Fewtrell MS, Morley R, et al. Randomized outcome trial of human milk fortification and developmental outcome in preterm infants. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64:142-51.
30. Schanler RJ. Human milk fortification for premature infants. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64:249-50.
31. Lucas A, Morley R, Cole TJ, Lister G, Leeson-Payne C. Breast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born preterm. Lancet 1992;339:261-4.
32. Horwood LJ, Fergusson DM. Breastfeeding and later cognitive and academic outcomes. Pediatrics [serial online] 1998;101:e9. Internet: http://pediatrics. aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/101/1/e9 (accessed 18 December 2006).
33. Horwood LJ, Mogridge N, Darlow BA. Cognitive, educational, and behavioral outcomes at 7 to 8 years in a national very low birthweight cohort. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal 1998;79:F12-20.
34. Horwood LJ, Darlow BA, Mogridge N. Breast milk feeding and cognitive ability at 7-8 years. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal 2001;84:F23-7.
35. O'Connor DL, Jacobs J, Hall R, et al. Growth and development of premature infants fed predominantly human milk, predominantly premature infant formula, or a combination of human milk and premature formula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003;37:437-46.
36. Vohr BR, Poindexter BB, Dusick AM, et al. Beneficial effects of breast milk in the neonatal intensive care unit on the developmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants at 18 months of age. Pediatrics [serial online] 2006;118:e115-e123. Internet: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/ content/full/118/1/e115 (accessed 18 December 2006).
37. Wight NE. Donor human milk for preterm infants. J Perinatol 2001;21:249-54.
38. Human Milk Banking Association of North America. Guidelines for the establishment of a donor human milk bank. Raleigh, NC: HMBANA, 2005.
39. Lepri L, Del Bubba M, Maggini R, Donzelli GP, Galvan P. Effect of pasteurization and storage on some components of pooled human milk. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1997;704:1-10.
40. Koenig A, Diniz EMA, Barbarosa SFC, Vaz FAC. Immunologic factors in human milk: the effects of gestational age and pasteurization. J Hum Lact 2005;21:439-43.
41. Henderson G, Anthony MY, McGuire W. Formula milk versus term human milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;1-24.