Influence of type of diet on the fat constituents of goat and sheep milk

Small Ruminant Research

Volumn 68, Issue 1-2, 2007, Pages 42-63

  Sanz Sampelayo, M R ^a   Chilliard, Y ^b   Schmidely, Ph ^c   Boza, J ^a  

^a CSIC   (Spain)

^b UMR1213 HERBIVORES   (France)

^c INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique   (France)

Author keywords

CLA; Fat composition; Fat content; Fat supplementation; Goat milk; Rumenic acid; Sheep milk; Vaccenic acid

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BOVIDAE; CAPRA HIRCUS; OVIS ARIES; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 33846837169     PISSN: 09214488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.017     Document Type: Article

References (176)

1. Abijaoude J.A., Morand-Fehr P., Tessier J., Schmidely P., and Sauvant D. Influence of forage: concentrate ratio and type of starch in the diet on feeding behaviour, dietary preferences, digestion, metabolism and performance of dairy goats in mid lactation. Anim. Sci. 71 (2000) 359-368
2. AbuGhazaleh A.A., Schingoethe D.J., Hippen A.R., and Kalscheur K.F. Milk conjugated linoleic acid response to fish oil supplementation of diets differing in fatty acid profiles. J. Dairy Sci. 86 (2003) 944-953
3. Addis M., Cabiddu A., Pinna G., Decandia M., Piredda G., Pirisi A., and Molle G. Milk and cheese fatty acid composition in sheep fed Mediterranean forages with reference to conjugated linoleic acid cis-9,trans11. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005) 3443-3454
4. Alférez M.J.M., Barrionuevo M., López Aliagua I., Sanz Sampelayo M.R., Lisbona F., and Campos M.S. The digestive utilization of goat and cow milk fat in malabsorption syndrome. J. Dairy Sci. 68 (2001) 451-461
5. Alonso L., Fontecha J., Lozada L., Fraga M.J., and Juarez M. Fatty acid composition of caprine milk: major, branched-chain, and trans fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 82 (1999) 878-884
6. Andrade P.V.D., and Schmidely Ph. Effect of duodenal infusion of trans10, cis12-CLA on milk performance and milk fatty acid profile in dairy goats fed high or low concentrate diet in combination with rolled canola seed. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 46 (2006) 31-48
7. Andrade H., Bernal G., and Llamas G. Influence of different alfalfa: sorghum ratios in the diet of dairy goats on productivity and rumen turnover. Small Rumin. Res. 21 (1996) 77-82
8. Antongiovanni M., Secchiari P., Mele M., Buccioni A., Serra A., Ferruzzi G., Rapaccini S., and Pistoia A. Olive oil calcium soaps and rumen protected methionine in the diet of lactating ewes: effect on milk quality. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 1 (2002) 55-63
9. Antongiovanni M., Mele M., Buccioni A., Petacchi F., Serra A., Melis M.P., Cordebbu L., Banni S., and Secchiari P. Effect of forage/concentrate ratio and oil supplementation on C18:1 and CLA isomers in milk fat from Sarda ewes. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 13 Suppl. 1 (2004) 669-672
10. Astrup H.N., Steine T.A., and Robstad A.M. Taste, free fatty acids and fatty acid content in goat milk. Acta Agric. Scand. 35 (1985) 315-320
11. Babayan V.K. Medium chain length fatty acids esters and their medical and nutritional applications. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 59 (1981) 49A-52A
12. Baldi A., Corino C., Simondi C., and Tiberio F. Impiego dei saponi di calcio nell'alimentazione di capre in lattazione: modificazione du alcuni parametri emato chimici. [Calcium soap utilization in lactating goats. Modification of some haematological parameters]. XLII Conv. Societá Italiana Science Veterinaire. Mantova (1988) 1113-1135
13. Baldi A., Cheli F., Corino C., Dell'Orto V., and Polidori F. Effects of feeding calcium salts of long chain fatty acids on milk yield, milk composition and plasma parameters of lactating goats. Small Rumin. Res. 6 (1992) 303-310
14. Barrionuevo M., Alférez M.J.M., López Aliaga I., Sanz Sampelayo M.R., and Campos M.S. Beneficial effect of goat milk on nutritive utilization of iron and copper in malabsorption syndrome. J. Dairy Sci. 85 (2002) 657-664
15. Bartocci S., Terzano G.M., Omero A., and Borghese A. Utilizazione del seme integrale di cotone nella dieta die capre in lattazione. [Cottonseed utilization in diets for lactating goats]. Nota 1. Ann. Ist. Sper. Zootec. 21 (1988) 135-146
16. Bas P., Archimede H., Rouzeau A., and Sauvant D. Influence of forage type and concentrate proportion, given to dry goats, on the duodenal microbial fatty acid composition. Options Méditerr. 52 (2000) 111-114
17. Bauman D.E., and Griinari J.M. Regulation and nutritional manipulation of milk fat: low fat syndrome. Livest. Prod. Sci. 70 (2001) 15-29
18. Bernard L., Leroux C., Bonnet M., Rouel J., Martin P., and Chilliard Y. Expression and nutritional regulation of lipogenic genes in mammary gland and adipose tissues of lactating goats. J. Dairy Res. 72 (2005) 250-255
19. Bernard, L., Rouel, J., Ferlay, A., Chilliard, Y., 2005b. Effects of concentrate level and starch degradability on milk yield and fatty acid (FA) composition in goats receiving a diet supplemented with sunflower oil. In: van der Honing,Y. (Ed.), Abstracts, 56th Annual Meeting of Europeon Association for Animal Production, Uppsala, Sweden, 5-8 June 2005, Wageningen Academic Publishers (NL), p. 161.
20. Bernard L., Rouel J., Leroux C., Ferlay A., Faulconnier Y., Legrand P., and Chilliard Y. Mammary lipid metabolism and milk fatty acid secretion in Alpine goats fed vegetable lipids. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005) 1478-1489
21. Bernard, L., Leroux, C., Chilliard, Y., 2006. Characterisation and nutritional regulation of the main lipogenic genes in the ruminant lactating mammary gland. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium, Ruminant Physiology, Copenhagen (DK), 2004, 30 August-4 September. In: Sejrsen, K., Hvelplund, T., Nielsen, M.O. (Eds), Ruminant physiology: digestion, metabolism and impact of nutrition on gene expression, immunology and stress. Wageningen Academic Publishers (NL), pp. 295-326.
22. Bickerstaffe R., Noakes D.E., and Anninson E.F. Quantitative aspects of fatty acid biohydrogenation, absorption and transfer into milk fat in the lactating goat, with special reference to the cis- and trans-isomers of octadecenoate and linoleate. Biochem. J. 130 (1972) 607-617
23. Bocquier F., and Caja G. Production et composition du lait de brebis: effets de l'alimentation. [Production and composition of sheep milk. Effects of the feeding]. INRA Prod. Anim. 14 (2001) 129-140
24. Bocquier F., Rouel J., Domalain A., and Chilliard Y. Effect of concentrate/dehydrated alfalfa ratio on milk yield and composition in Alpine dairy goats fed hay based diets. Options Méditerr. 52 (2000) 99-101
25. Boza, J., 1993. Planificación ganadera del sureste ibérico. [Livestock planning of Iberian southeast]. In: Junta de, Andalucía, Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, (Ed.), Seminar on the ruminant nutrition in arid and mountain zones and their relationship with the maintenance of natural resources. Sevilla, Spain, pp. 59-66.
26. Boza J., and Sanz Sampelayo M.R. Aspectos nutricionales de la leche de cabra. [Nutritional aspects of goat milk]. Ann. Acad. Cienc. Vet. Andalucía Oriental. 10 (1997) 109-139
27. Brown-Crowder I.E., Hart S., and Sahlu T. The use of bypass fat as energy supplement for high producing does during early lactation. Proceedings, VI International Conference on Goats. vol. 2 (1996), International Academic Publishers, Beijing, China 643-645
28. Brown-Crowder I.E., Hart S.P., Cameron M., Sahlu T., and Goetsch A.L. Effects of dietary tallow level on performance of Alpine does in early lactation. Small Rumin. Res. 39 (2001) 233-241
29. Cabiddu, A., Carta, G., Molle, G., Decandia, M., Addis, M., Piredda, G., Delogu, A., Pirisi, A., Lai, V., Cera, V., Taras, L., Lallai, C., Banni, S., 2003. Relationship between feeding regimen and content of conjugated linoleic acid in sheep milk and cheese. In: First Joint Seminar, FAO-CIHEAM., Sheep, Goat Nutrition, Mountain, Mediterranean Pastures, Sub-Network, Granada, Spain, pp., 38, (Abstr.).
30. Cabiddu, A., Addis, M., Spada, S., Sitzia, M., Molle, G., Piredda, G., 2004.The effect of different legumes-based pastures on the fatty acid composition of sheep milk with focus on CLA. Proceedings of the 20th General Meeting of Europeon Grassland Federation, Luzern, Switzerland, 21-24 June 2004 (Eds, Lüscher A., Jeangross B., Kessler W., Huguenin O., Lobsiger M., Millar N and Suter D.). Luzern, pp. 1133-1135.
31. Cabiddu A., Decandia M., Addis M., Piredda G., Pirisi A., and Molle G. Managing Mediterranean pastures in order to enhance the level of beneficial fatty acids in sheep milk. Small Rumin. Res. 59 (2005) 169-180
32. Cabiddu A., Decandia M., Addis M., Spada M., Fiori M., Piredda G., Sitzia N., Fois N., and Molle G. Polyethylene glycol as a tool to increase the nutritional value of pasture: effect on milk fatty acid composition of sheep. Proceedings of the 11th Seminar FAO-CIHEAM Sub-Network on Sheep and Goat Nutrition Advanced Nutrition and Feeding Strategies to Improve Sheep and Goat Production Catania (Italy). 8-10 September 2005, Catania (2005) 85 (Abstr.)
33. Caja G., and Bocquier F. Effects of nutrition on the composition of sheep's milk. Options Méditerr. 52 (2000) 59-74
34. Calderón I., De Peters E.J., Smith N.E., and Franke A.A. Composition of goat's milk: changes within milking and effects of a high concentrate diet. J. Dairy Sci. 67 (1984) 1905-1911
35. Campos M.S., López Aliaga I., Alférez M.J.M., Nestares T., and Barrionuevo M. Effects of goats' or cow's milks on nutritive utilization of calcium and phosphorus in rats with intestinal resection. Br. J. Nutr. 90 (2003) 61-67
36. Cannas A., Pes A., Mancuso R., Vodret B., and Nudda A. Effect of dietary energy and protein concentration on the concentration of milk urea nitrogen in dairy ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 81 (1998) 499-508
37. Casals, R., 1992. Efectos de la utilización de lípidos protegidos en la alimentación de ovejas de ordeño durante los periodos de lactación y cubrición. [Effects of protected lipids utilization in the feeding of dairy sheep during lactation and mating periods]. Tesis Doctoral de la Facultat Veterinaria de la Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (España), p. 178.
38. Casals, R., Caja, G., 1993. Interés del empleo de los suplementos lipídicos en la alimentación de ovino y caprino en zonas áridas. [Relevance of using lipid supplements in sheep and goat feeding in arid zones]. In: Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca (Ed.), Seminar on the ruminant nutrition in arid and mountain zones and their relationship with the maintenance of natural resources. Granada, Spain. pp. 173-193.
39. Casals R., Caja G., Such X., and Torre C. Efectos de la incorporación de grasa y proteína no degradable en el concentrado de lactación de ovejas de ordeño. [Effects of undegradable fat and protein incorporation in the concentrate of lactating shepps]. Información Técnica Económica Agraria Prod. Anim. 9 Suppl. (1989) 107-109
40. Casals R., Caja G., Guillou D., Torre C., and Such X. Variación de la composición de la leche de ovejas Manchegas según la dosis de lípidos protegidos. [Variation in the Manchega sheep milk composition according to the quantity of protected lipids]. Información Técnica Económica Agraria 11 (1991) 331-333
41. Casals R., Caja G., Guillou D., Torre C., and Such A. Influence of dietary levels of calcium soaps of long chain fatty acids on lactational performance of dairy ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 75 (1992) 174 (Abstr.)
42. Casals R., Caja G., Such X., Torre C., and Fabregas X. Lactational evaluation of effects of calcium soap and undegraded intake protein on dairy ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 75 (1992) 87 (Abstr.)
43. Casals R., Caja G., Such X., Torre C., and Calsamiglia S. Effects of calcium soaps and rumen undegradable protein on the milk production and composition of dairy ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 66 (1999) 177-191
44. Chandra P., Kishore A., Bhardwaj A.M., and Singh B. Fatty acid profile in milk fat produced by goats kept under buffer feed technology (bft). Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Goats. Tours, France, Tome I (2000) 161-164
45. Chilliard Y. Dietary fat and adipose tissue metabolism in ruminants, pigs and rodents: a review. J. Dairy Sci. 76 (1993) 3897-3927
46. Chilliard, Y., Bocquier, F., 1993. Effects of fat supplementation on milk yield and composition in dairy goats and ewes. In: Camera di Comercio Industria Artigiano Agricultura di Varese, (Ed.), Proceedings, 5th International Symposium on La Qualita nelle produzioni dei piccoli ruminanti. Varese, pp. 61-78.
47. Chilliard Y., and Doreau M. Influence of supplementary fish oil and rumen-protected methionine on milk yield and composition in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res. 64 (1997) 173-179
48. Chilliard Y., and Ferlay A. Dietary lipids and forages interactions on cow and goat milk fatty acid composition and sensory properties. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 45 (2004) 467-492
49. Chilliard Y., and Lamberet G. Biochemical characteristics of goat milk lipids and lipolytic system. A comparison with cows and human milk. Effect of lipid supplementation. In: Freund G. (Ed). Goat milk quality, raw material for cheesemaking. Institut Technique des Produits Laitiers Caprins (ITPLC) (2001), Surgères, France 71-114
50. Chilliard Y., Ferlay A., Mansbridge R.M., and Doreau M. Ruminant milk fat plasticity: nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids. Ann. Zootech. 49 (2000) 181-205
51. Chilliard Y., Ferlay A., and Doreau M. Effect of different types of forages, animal fat or marine oils in cow's diet on milk fat secretion and composition, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Livest. Prod. Sci. 70 (2001) 31-48
52. Chilliard, Y., Chabosseau, J.M., Rouel, J., Capitan, P., Gominard, C., Gaborit, P., Juanéda, P., Ferlay, A., 2002. Interactions between forage nature and sunflower or linseed oil supplementation on goat milk fatty acids of interest for human nutrition. In: Durand, J.L., Emile, J.C., Huyghe, C., Lemaire, G., (Eds.), Multi-Function Grasslands: Quality Forages, Animal Products and Landscapes. Proc. 19th Gen. Mtg. Eur. Grassl. Fed. La Rochelle, France. Grassl. Sci. Eur. 7, 548-549.
53. Chilliard Y., Ferlay A., Rouel J., and Lamberet G. A review of nutritional and physiological factors affecting goat milk lipid synthesis and lipolysis. J. Dairy Sci. 86 (2003) 1751-1770
54. Chilliard, Y., Rouel, J., Chabosseau, J.M., Capitan, P., Gaborit, P., Ferlay, A., 2003b. Interactions between ryegrass preservation and linseed oil supplementation on goat milk yield and composition, including trans and conjugated fatty acids. In: Abstracts, 54th, Annual Meeting of European Association for Animal Production Rome, Italy, Y., van Der Honing (Ed), Wageningen Academic Publishers (NL)., p. 343.
55. Chilliard, Y., Rouel, J., Capitan, P., Chabosseau, J.M., Raynal-Ljutovac, K., Ferlay, A., 2003c. Correlations between milk fat content and fatty acid composition in goats receiving different combinations of forages and lipid supplements. In: Abstracts, 54th Annual Meeting of European Association for Animal Production Rome, Italy, Y. van Der Honing (Ed), Wageningen Academic Publishers (NL). p. 343.
56. Chilliard, Y., Rouel, J., Ferlay, A., Bernard, L., Gaborit, P., Raynal-Ljutovac, K., Lauret, A., 2005a. Effects of type of forage and lipid supplementation on goat milk fatty acids and sensorial properties of cheeses. In: Future of the Sheep and Goat Dairy Sectors, Special issue of the International Dairy Federation No 0501/part 5. Zaragoza, pp. 297-304.
57. Chilliard, Y., Rouel, J., Guillouet, P., Raynal-Ljutovac, K., Leloutre, L., Ferlay, A., 2005b. Kinetics of goat milk fatty acids according to dietary forage:concentrate and/or high doses of linseed oil or sunflower oil or extruded mixture of seeds. In: Book of Abstracts, 56th Annual Meeting of European Association for Animal Production, Wageningen Academic Publishers (NL), p. 268.
58. Chilliard, Y., Rouel, J., Ferlay, A., Bernard, L., Gaborit, P., Raynal-Ljutovac, K., Lauret, A., Leroux, C., 2006. Optimising goat milk and cheese fatty acid composition: effects of genotype, feeding factors and dairy technology. In: Willians, C., Buttriss, J. (Eds.). "Improving the fat content of foods" Woodhead Publishing Ltd. pp. 281-312.
59. Chouinard P.Y., Corneau L., Saebo A., and Bauman D.E. Milk yield and composition during abomasal infusion of conjugated linoleic acids in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82 (1999) 2737-2745
60. Chouinard P.Y., Corneau L., Butler W.R., Chilliard Y., Drackley K., and Bauman D.E. Effect of dietary lipid source on conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 84 (2001) 680-690
61. Collomb M., Bütikofer U., Sieber R., Jeangros B., and Bosset J.O. Composition of fatty acids in cow's milk fat produced in the lowlands, mountains and highlands of Switzerland using high-resolution gas chromatographic. Int. Dairy J. 12 (2002) 649-659
62. Daccord R. Effect of addition of animal or vegetable fat to a hay based diet on digestibility and nitrogen balance in the lactating goat. Ann. Zootech. 36 (1987) 329 (Abstr.)
63. Delage J., and Fehr P.M. Infleunce des lipides alimentaires sur la sécrétion des acides gras par la mamelle de chévre. I. Influence de la teneur du régime en lipides sur le taux butyreux du lait et sa composition en acides gras. [Influence of dietary lipids on the secretion of fatty acids in the mammary gland of the goat. I. Influence of lipid content in the diet on the milk fat rate and fatty acid composition]. Ann. Biol. Anim. Biochim. Biophys. 7 (1967) 437-444
64. DeMaria Ghionna C., Bartocci S., Terzano G.M., and Borghese A. Acidi grassi salificati con calcio nell'alimentazione di capre in lattazione: I effecto sulla produzione, sul contenuto di grasso e di protein del latte. [Calcium salt of fatty acids in the lactating goat feeding. I. Effect on milk production and on milk fat and protein content]. Ann. Ist. Sper. Zootec. 20 (1987) 231-242
65. Dhiman T.R., Anand G.R., Satter L.D., and Pariza M.W. Conjugated linoleic acid content of milk from cows fed different diets. J. Dairy Sci. 82 (1999) 2136-2156
66. DiTrana, A., Cifuni, G.F., Braghieri, A., Fedele, V., Claps, S., Rubino, R., 2003. Influence of feeding system and season on CLA content in goat milk. In: Abstract, 54th Annual Meeting of European Association for Animal Production, Rome, Italy, 31 August-3 September, Rome, p. 350.
67. Dobarganes García C., Pérez Hernández M., Cantalapiedra G., Salas J.M., and Merino J.A. Bypassing the rumen in dairy ewes: The reticular groove reflex vs. calcium soap of olive fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005) 741-747
68. Doyon A., Ridorossi C., and Chouinard P.Y. Milk yield and composition in dairy goats fed different levels of extruded soybeans. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 13 Suppl. 1 (2004) 685-688
69. Erasmus L.J., Bester Z., Fourie T., Coertze R.J., and Hall L. Effect of level of rumen protected CLA supplementation on milk yield and composition in Saanen goats. SA J. Anim. Sci. 34 Suppl. 1 (2004) 42-45
70. Fedele V., Signorelli F., Brancaleoni E., Ciccioli P., and Claps S. Effect of concentrate grain source and herbage intake on physical-chemical factors and milk aroma in grazing goats. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Goats. Tours, France. Tome I (2000) 152-154
71. Ferlay A., Chilliard Y., and Doreau M. Effects of calcium salts differing in fatty acid composition on duodenal and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy cows. JSFA 60 (1992) 31-37
72. Ferlay, A., Rouel, J., Chabosseau, J.M., Capitan, P., Raynal-Ljutovac, K., Chilliard, Y., 2003. Interactions between ryegrass preservation and high-oleic sunflower oil supplementation on goat milk composition, including trans and conjugated fatty acids. In: Abstracts, 54th Annual Meeting of European Association for Animal Production, Rome, Italy, Y. van Der Honing (Ed), Wageningen Academic Publishers (NL). p. 350.
73. Fernández J.R., Rodríguez Osorio M., Ramos E., de la Torre G., Gil Extremera F., and Sanz Sampelayo M.R. Effect of rumen-protected supplements of fish oil on intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance of growing goats. Anim. Sci. 79 (2004) 483-491
74. Focant, M., Griinari, M., Mignolet, E., Larondelle, Y., 2001. Effet de la supplémentation en vitamine E sur la production d'acides linoléiques conjugués par la vache laitière. [Effect of vitamin E supplementation on conjugated linoleic acid production by the lactating cow]. In: Symp. Santé animale, santé humaine. Productions animales naturellement riches en oméga 3 et CLA favorables à la santé, Ciney, Belgique, 26 Oct., Ciney, p. 2.
75. Forbes J.M. Dietary factors affecting intake. In: Forbes J.M. (Ed). The Voluntary Feed Intake of Farm Animals (1986), Butterworths, London 85-113
76. Gafo C., Caja G., Peris S., Molina E., and Casals R. Utilización de jabones cálcicos de ácidos grasos en cabras Murciano-Granadinas durante la lactación. Parámetros productivos y metabólicos. [Calcium soaps of fatty acids in the Murciano-Granadina goat during lactation. Productive and metabolic parameters]. Información Técnica Económica Agraria 16 (1995) 738-740
77. García Unciti M. Utilidad terapéutica de los triglicéridos de cadena media (MCT). Dietas cetogénicas en la epilepsia infantil. [Therapeutic utility of the medium-chain triglycerides. Ketogenic diets in the infantile epilepsy]. Nutr. Clin. 16 (1996) 7-35
78. Gargouri A., Caja G., Gafo C., Such X., and Ferret A. Modificación del perfil en ácidos grasos de la leche de oveja mediante el empleo de jabones cálcicos de ácidos grasos de cadena larga. [Modification of fatty acid profile in sheep milk by means of calcium soaps of long-chain fatty acids]. Información Técnica Económica Agraria Prod. Anim. 18 Suppl. (1997) 694-696
79. Giger S., Sauvant D., and Hervieu J. Digestive interactions between forages and concentrates in lactating goat diet. Proceedings, of the IV International Conference on Goats, vol. II. Brasilia, Brazil (1987) 1421-1422
80. Gihad E.A., El-Gallad T.T., Allam S.M., and El-Bedawy T.M. Performance of Zaraibi and Damascus lactating does fed high and low energy rations. Ann. Zootech. 36 (1987) 336-337
81. Gobi, J.P., Rochon, J.J., 1998. Evaluation de la qualité des laits et fromages de chèvre et influence du system d'élevage en régions Méditerranéenne. [Evaluation of the quality of goat milk and cheese. Influence of the production system in the Mediterranean zone]. In: Flamant, J.C., Gabiña, D., Espejo Díaz, M., (Eds.), Proceedings, International Symposium on basis of the quality of typical Mediterranean animal products. EAAP Publicationm No 90, Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, (NL), pp. 239-243.
82. Griinari J.M., and Bauman D.E. Update on theories of diet-induced milk fat depression and potential applications. Rec. Adv. Anim. Nutr. 37 (2003) 115-156
83. Guevara G.J., Guerrero G.G., Contreras L.C., and Bermúdez E. Bypass fat supplementation on goat milk production and composition. In: Lokeshwar R.. (Ed). Proceedings V International Conference on Goats (1992), International Goat Association, vol. I, New Delhi, India 166 (Abstr.)
84. Guevara, G.J., Contreras, L.C., Guerrero, G.G., Bermúdez, E., 1994. Utilización de diferentes niveles de grasa de sobrepaso sobre la producción y contenido graso de la leche al inicio de la lactación. [Utilization of different levels of bypass fat. Effect on milk production and milk fat content at the beginning of the lactation]. In: Proceedings, VII., Reunión Nacional de Producción, Caprina, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina, p. 53, (Abstr.).
85. Gulati S.K., Byers E.B., Biers Y.G., Ashes J.R., and Scott T.W. Effect of feeding different fat supplements on the fatty acid composition of goat milk. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 66 (1997) 159-164
86. Ha J.K., and Lindsay R.C. Release of volatile bramched-chain and other fatty acids from ruminant milk fats by various lipases. J. Dairy Sci. 76 (1993) 677-690
87. Hachelaf W., Boukhrelda M., Benbouabdellah M., Coquin P., Desjeux J.F., Boudraa G., and Touhami M. Digestibilite des graises du lait de chèvre chez des infants presentant une malnutrition d'origine digestive. Comparaison avec le lait de vache. [Digestibility of goat milk fat in children with a digestive origin malnutrition]. Lait 73 (1993) 593-599
88. Hadjipanayiotou M. Feeding ensiled crude olive cake to lactating Chios ewes. Damascus goats and Friesian cows. Livest. Prod. Sci. 59 (1999) 61-66
89. Haenlein G.F.W. Role of goat meat and milk in human nutrition. In: Lokeshwar R.R. (Ed). Proceedings of the V International Conference on Goats. vol. II (1992), International Goat Association, New Delhi, India 575-580
90. Haenlein, G.F.W., 1996. Nutritional value of dairy products of ewe and goat milk. In: Proceedings of the, IDF/CIRVAL, Seminar Production, Utilization of Ewe, Goat, Milk, vol. 9603, Internat. Dairy Fed. Publ., Brussels, Belgium, pp. 159-179.
91. Haenlein G.F.W. Past, present and future perspectives of small ruminant research. J. Dairy Sci. 84 (2001) 2097-2115
92. Haenlein G.F.W. Goat milk in human nutrition. Small Rumin. Res. 51 (2004) 155-163
93. Hart S.P. Nutrition for the high producing dairy doe. J. Anim. Sci. 78 Suppl. 1 (2000) 8 (Abstr.)
94. Havrevoll, ∅., Garmo, T.H., Eik, L.O., Eknaes, M., 1998. Effect of length of grazing period during the day on milk yield in dairy goats. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Meeting on Nutrients of Sheep and Goats. Grignon. France, p. 88.
95. Horton G.M.J., Palatini D.D., and Treadwell-Hill C. The effect of protected fat on the yield and composition of ewe's milk, suckling lamb growth rate and blood chemistry changes. J. Dairy Sci. 72 Suppl. 1 (1989) 425 (Abstr.)
96. Horton G.M.J., Wohlt J.E., Palatini D.D., and Baldwin J.A. Rumen protected lipid for lactating ewes and their nursing lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 9 (1992) 27-36
97. Hussain Q., Havrevoll Ø., and Eik L.O. Effect of type of roughage on feed intake, milk yield and body condition of pregnant goats. Small Rumin. Res. 22 (1996) 131-139
98. Kadzere C.T., and Jingura R. Digestibility and nitrogen balance in goats given different levels of crushed whole soybeans. Small Rumin. Res. 10 (1993) 175-180
99. Kawas J.R., Lopez J., Danelon D.L., and Lu C.D. Influence of forage to concentrate ratios on intake, digestibility, chewing and milk production of dairy goats. Small Rum. Res. 4 (1991) 11-18
100. Kepler C.R., and Tove S.B. Biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem. 242 (1967) 5686-5692
101. Kitessa S.M., Gulati S.K., Ashes J.R., Fleck E., Scott T.W., and Nichols P.D. Utilisation of fish oil in ruminants. I. Fish oil metabolism in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 89 (2001) 189-199
102. Kitessa S.M., Gulati S.K., Ashes J.R., Fleck E., Scott T.W., and Nichols P.D. Utilisation of fish oil in ruminants. II. Transfer of fish oil fatty acids into goats' milk. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 89 (2001) 201-208
103. Kovessy M., Robinson J.J., Long A.K., and Aitken R.P. The effect of a dietary supplement of protected fat on the yield and composition of milk from ewes receiving different levels of fish meal in their diet. Anim. Prod. 44 (1987) 482 (Abstr.)
104. Landau S., Vecht J., and Perevolotsky A. Effects of two levels on concentrate supplementation on milk production of dairy cows browsing Mediterranean scrubland. Small Rumin. Res. 11 (1993) 227-237
105. Lanzani, A., Bondioli, P., Mariani, C., Fedele, E., Polidori, F., Dell'Orto, V., Corino, C., Guisi, A., Contarini, G., Ferro, E., 1985. Prove di impiego di un "Liquid Feed" addizionato con grassi protetti in capre nell'alimentazione di capre in lattazione. [Utilization in lactating goats of a liquid feed supplemented with protected fat]. Atti 6é Congr. Naz. Scientific Association of Animal Production (ASPA). Bologna, Italy, pp. 87-92.
106. LeDoux M., Rozeau A., Bas P., and Sauvant D. Occurrence of trans-C18:1 fatty acid isomers in goat milk: Effect of two dietary regimens. J. Dairy Sci. 85 (2002) 190-197
107. Léger C., Suvant D., Hervieu J., and Ternois F. Influence of duodenal infusions of EPA and DHA on the lipidic milk secretion of the dairy goat. Ann. Zootech. 43 (1994) 297 (Abstr.)
108. Loor J.J., Ferlay A., Ollier A., Doreau M., and Chilliard Y. Relationship among trans and conjugated fatty acids and bovine milk fat yield due to dietary concentrate and linseed oil. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005) 726-740
109. López-Aliaga I., Alférez M.J.M., Barrionuevo M., Nestares T., Sanz Sampelayo M.R., and Campos M.S. Study on nutritive utilization of protein and magnesium in rats with resection of the distal small intestine. Beneficial effect of goat milk. J. Dairy Sci. 86 (2003) 2958-2966
110. López-Aliaga I., Alférez M.J.M., Nestares M.T., Ros P.B., Barrionuevo M., and Campos M.S. Goat milk feeding causes and increase in biliary secretion of cholesterol and a decrease in plasma cholesterol levels in rats. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005) 1024-1030
111. Marques, M.R., Belo, C.C., 2003. Fatty acids composition of milk fat in grazing dairy ewes. In: First Joint Seminar FAO-CIHEAM Sheep and Goat Nutrition and Mountain and Mediterranean Pastures Sub-Network. Granada, Spain, p. 41 (Abstr.).
112. Martín Alonso J.J., Morón D., Gil Extremera F., Sanz Sampelayo M.R., and Boza J. Goat cheese fat composition in relation to that of the original milk. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Goats. Tours, France, Tome II (2000) 616 (Abstr.)
113. Martín L., Rodríguez P., Rota A., Rojas A., Pascual M.R., Patón D., and Tovar J. Effect of protected fat supplementation to lactating goats on growth and fatty acid composition of perirenal fat in goat kids. Anim. Sci. 68 (1999) 195-200
114. McGuire, M.A., McGuire, M.K., 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): A ruminant fatty acid with beneficial effects on human health. Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Annu. Mtg. 1999. Online. Available: http://www.asas.org/jas/symposia/proceedings/0938.pdf.
115. Mele M., Serra A., Rafanelli M.R., Conte G., and Secchiari P. Effect of forage/concentrate ratio and soybean oil supplementation on milk yield and quality from dairy goats. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 4 Suppl. 2 (2005) 392-394
116. Mir Z., Goonewardene L.A., Okine E., Jaegar S., and Scheer H.D. Effect of feeding canola oil on constituents, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and long chain fatty acids in goats milk. Small Rumin. Res. 33 (1999) 137-143
117. Morand-Fehr P., and Sauvant D. Composition and yield of goat milk as affected by nutritional manipulation. J. Dairy Sci. 63 (1980) 1671-1680
118. Morand-Fehr P., Chilliard Y., and Sauvant D. Goat milk and its components: secretory mechanism and influence of nutritional factors. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Goats. Tucson, Arizoza, USA (1982) 113-121
119. Morand-Fehr, P., Sauvant, D., Bas, P., 1984. Utilisation des matières grasses chez les ruminants. Expériences sur chèvres laitières. [Utilization of fats in ruminants. Experiments in lactating goats]. In: Cycle Approfondi d'Alimentation Animale, (CAAA)., Peut-on et comment utiliser les matières grasses dans les rations des vaches, laitières., Nov., 8, Association pour le Développement de l'Enseignement du Perfectionnement et de la Recherche à l'Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (ADEPRINA). Paris, France, pp. D1-D2.
120. Morand-Fehr P., Bas P., Sauvant D., Hervieu J., and Chilliard Y. Influence de la nature de l'aliment concentré sur le métabolisme des chèvres en fin de gestation et en début de lactation. [Influence of the concentrate nature on the goat metabolism at the end of gestation and the beginning of lactation]. Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop. 26 (1986) 349-350
121. Morand-Fehr P., Bas P., and Sauvant D. Influence de la nature et de la quantité de lipides ajoutés à la ration sur la sécrétion de lait et de matière grasse chez la chèvre. [Influence of the nature and quantity of lipids in the diets on the secretion of milk and milk fat in the goat]. Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop. 27 (1987) 309-310
122. Morand-Fehr P., Bas P., Blanchart G., Daccord R., Giger Reverdin S., Gihad E.A., Hadjipanayiotou M., Mowlem A., Remeuf F., and Sauvant D. In: Morand-Fehr P. (Ed). Influence of Feeding on Goat Milk Composition and Technological Characteristics (1991), Goat Nutrition, Pudoc, Wageningen, (NL) 209-224
123. Morand-Fehr P., Sanz Sampelayo M.R., Fedele Y.V., Le Frileux Y., Eknaes M., Schmidely Ph., Giger Reverding S., Bas P., Rubino R., Havrevoll Ø., and Sauvant D. Effect of feeding on the quality of goat milk and cheeses. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Goats. Tours, France, Tome I (2000) 53-58
124. Mowlem A., Oldham J.D., and Nash S. Effect of concentrate allowance on ad libitum hay consumption by lactating British Saanen goats. Ann. Zootech. 34 (1985) 474 (Abstr.)
125. Nudda A., Mele M., Battacone G., Usai M.G., and Macciota N.P.P. Comparison of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in milk of ewes and goats with the same dietary regimen. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 2 Suppl. 1 (2003) 515-517
126. Nudda, A., Usai, M.G., Mulas, S., Pulina, G., 2003b. Utilization of extruded linseed cakes to modify fatty acid composition and increase CLA contents in goat milk. In: Abstract, 54th Annual Meeting of European Association for Animal Production, Rome, Italy, 31 August-3 September 2003, p. 119.
127. Nudda A., McGuire M.A., Battacone G., and Pulina G. Seasonal variation in conjugated linoleci acid and vaccenic acid in milk fat of sheep and its transfer to cheese and ricotta. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005) 1311-1319
128. Osuna D.R., Casals R., Caja G., and Peris S. Effects of feeding whole oilseeds to partially replace calcium soaps of fatty acids on dairy ewes intake and milk production and composition. J. Dairy Sci. 81 Suppl. 1 (1998) 302 (Abstr.)
129. Pérez Alba L.M., De Souza Cavalcanti S., Pérez Hernández M., Martínez Marín A., and Fernández Marín G. Calcium soaps of olive fatty acids in the diets of Manchega dairy ewes: effects on digestibility and production. J. Dairy Sci. 80 (1997) 3316-3324
130. Pérez, L., Sanz Sampelayo, M.R., Gil Extremera, F., Boza, J., 1998. Production of a more healthy goat milk. Use of diets supplemented with protected fat rich in PUFAs. In: Flamant, J.C., Gabiña, D., Espejo Díaz, M. (Eds.), Proceedings International Symposium. Basis of the quality of typical mediterranean animal products. EAAP Publication No 90, Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, (NL), pp. 203-208.
131. Pérez L., Sanz Sampelayo M.R., Gil Extremera F., and Boza J. Effects of soap supplies on goat milk production and composition. Options Méditerr. 52 (2000) 103-106
132. Pérez Hernández M., Robinson J.J., Aitken R.P., and Fraser C. The effect of dietary supplements of protected fat on the yield and fat content of ewe's milk and lamb growth rate. Anim. Prod. 42 (1986) 455 (Abstr.)
133. Perfield II J.W., Lock A.L., Pfeiffer A.M., and Bauman D.E. Effects of amide-protected and lipid-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements on milk fat synthesis. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (2004) 3010-3016
134. Piperova L.S., Teter B.B., Bruckental I., Sampugna J., Mills S.E., Yurawecz M.P., Fritsche J., Ku K., and Erdman R.A. Mammary lipogenic enzyme activity, trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids are altered in lactating dairy cows fed a milk fat-depressing diet. J. Nutr. 130 (2000) 2658-2674
135. Polidori, F., Cheli, F., Baldi, A., Corino, C., Dell'Orto, V., 1989. Influenze sulle caractteristiche quanti-qualitative del latte di capra di una dieta addizionata di saponi di calcio. [Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of goat milk. Effects of using a diet supplemented with calcium soap]. In: Greppi, G.F., Corti, M., (Eds.), Atti del XXIV Simposio Internazionale di Zootecnia, Piccoli ruminanti oggi. Milano, Italy, pp. 149-153.
136. Polidori, F., Baldi, A., Cheli, F., Pulina, G., 1991. Alimentazione e qualita' del latte caprino. [Feeding and quality of goat milk]. In: Enne, G., Greppi, G.F., (Eds.), III Simposio Internazionale: Qualitá del latte ovino-caprino. Varese, Italy, pp. 105-134.
137. Precht D., and Molkentin J. Rapid analysis of the isomers of trans-octadecenoic acid in milk fat. Int. Dairy J. 6 (1996) 791-809
138. Rapetti L., Crovetto G.M., Galassi G., Sandrucci A., Succi G., Tamburini A., and Battelli G. Effect of maize, rumen-protected fat and whey permeate on energy utilisation and milk fat composition in lactating goats. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 1 (2002) 43-53
139. Razafindrakoto O., Revelomanana N., Rasolofo A., Rakotoarimanana R.D., Rourgue P., Coquin P., Briend A., and Desjeux J.F. Le lait de chévre peut-il remplacer le lait de vache l'enfant malnutri? [May goat milk replace cow milk in undernourished children?]. Lait 73 (1993) 601-611
140. Robinson, J.J., 1986. Formulation of feeding strategies for sheep. In: Livingstone, R.M., (Ed.), Proceedings Internat. Seminar: Feedingstuffs evaluation, modern aspects, problems, future trends. Aberdeen, UK, pp. 76-92.
141. Rossi G., Serra A., Pulina G., Cannas A., and Brandano P. L'utilizzazione di un alimento unico pellettato (Unipellet) nell'alimentazione delle pecore da latte. 1. Influenza della grassatura e del livello proteico sulla produzione quanti-qualitativa di latte in pecore di razza Sarda. [Utilization of a unipellet feed in the feeding of lactating sheep. 1. Effect of fat and protein level on the quantity and quality of milk production in sheep of the Sarda breed]. Zoot. Nutr. Anim. 17 (1991) 23-34
142. Rouel J., Bocquier F., and Chilliard Y. Effet de la nature de la ration de base et de la complémentation sur les performances de la chèvre laitière. [Effect of the basal diet and the supplementation nature on the performance of lactating goat]. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Goats. Poitiers, France 1 (2000) 142-144
143. Rouel, J., Bruneteau, E., Guillouet, P., Ferlay, A., Gaborit, P., Leloutre, L., Chilliard Y., 2005. Goat dairy performances according to dietary forage:concentrate ratio and/or high doses of sunflower or linseed oil, or extruded mixture of seeds. In: 56th Annual Meeting of European Association for Animal Production, 5-8 June 2005, Uppsala, Sweden, Wageningen Academic Publishers (NL), p. 280.
144. Rousselot M.C., Broqua C.B., de Araujo C., and Borgida L.P. Effets des fibres et de matières grasses protégées sur la composition du lait de chèvre. [Effects of the fiber and protected fat on the goat milk composition]. Ann. Zootech. 44 Suppl. (1995) 376 (Abstr.)
145. Roy, A., Ferlay, A., Ollier, A., Chilliard, Y., 2005. Kinetics of trans and conjugated fatty acids (FA) concentrations in cow milk after addition of plant oils to different basal diets. In: 56th Annual Meeting of European Association for Animal Production, Wageningen Academic Publishers (NL). p. 136.
146. Rubino R., Moioli B., Fedele V., Pizzillo M., and Morand-Fehr P. Milk production of goats grazing native pasture under different supplementation regimes in southern Italy. Small Rumin. Res. 17 (1995) 213-221
147. Santini F.J., Lu C.D., Potchoiba M.J., Fernandez J.M., and Coleman S.W. Dietary fiber and milk yield, mastication, digestion, and rate of passage in goats fed alfalfa hay. J. Dairy Sci. 75 (1992) 209-219
148. Sanz Sampelayo, M.R., Fonollá de Cuevas, J., Gil Extremera, F., Boza López, J., 1996. Sensibilidad de la cabra al síndrome de leche de bajo contenido en grasa. [Goat sensibility to the low-fat milk syndrome]. In: Fundación Caja Rioja, Logroño, Spain (Ed.), XXI Jornadas Científicas de la SEOC. Logroño, Spain, pp. 315-321.
149. Sanz Sampelayo M.R., Pérez L., Sanz B., Gil Extremera F., and Boza J. Modification of goat milk fat composition by nutritional means. Interesting aspects to consider. Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Nutrition. Montreal, Canada (1997) 361 (Abstr.)
150. Sanz Sampelayo M.R., Pérez L., Boza J., and Amigo L. Forage of different physical forms in the diets of lactating Granadina goats: Nutrient digestibility and milk production and composition. J. Dairy Sci. 81 (1998) 492-498
151. Sanz Sampelayo M.R., Martín Alonso J.J., Morón D., Pérez L., and Boza J. Production of healthier goat milk. Use of a concentrte supplemented with a "protected" fat rich in PUFA. J. Physiol. Biochem. 56 (2000) 231-236
152. Sanz Sampelayo M.R., Pérez L., Martín Alonso J.J., Amigo L., and Boza J. Effects of concentrates with different contents of protected fat rich in PUFAs on the performance of lactating Granadina goats. Part II. Milk production and composition. Small Rumin. Res. 43 (2002) 141-148
153. Sanz Sampelayo M.R., Pérez L., Martín Alonso J.J., Gil Extremera F., and Boza J. Effects of concentrates with different contents of protected fat rich in PUFAs on the performance of lactating Granadina goats 1. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility. N and energy utilisation for milk production. Small Rumin. Res. 43 (2002) 133-139
154. Sanz Sampelayo, M.R., Fernández Navarro, J.R., Ramos Morales, E., de la Torre Adarve, G., Boza, J., 2003. Digestive utilization of the fat and individual fatty acids of a protected fat rich in PUFAs in goats. In: First Joint Seminar, FAO-CIHEAM Sheep and Goat Nutrition and Mountain and Mediterranean Pastures Sub-Network. Granada, Spain, pp. 33 (Abstr.).
155. Sanz Sampelayo M.R., Martín Alonso J.J., Pérez L., Gil Extremera F., and Boza J. Dietary supplements for lactating goats by polyunsaturared fatty acid-rich protected fat. Effects after supplement withdrawal. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (2004) 1796-1802
156. Sanz Sampelayo M.R., Fernández J.R., Ramos E., Hermoso R., Gil Extremera F., and Boza J. Effect of providing a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich protected fat to lactating goats on growth and body composition of suckling goat kids. Anim. Sci. 82 (2006) 337-344
157. Sauvant D., and Morand-Fehr P. Quantitative analysis of dairy goat response to concentrate supply. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Goats. Tours, France, Tome I (2000) 80-81
158. Sauvant D., Morand-Fehr P., and Bas P. L'intérest des lipides dans les aliments concentrés: Observations chez la chèvre. [The relevance of lipids in the concentrates. Observations carried out in the goat]. Les Dossiers de l'Elevage 5 (1986) 51-57
159. Sauvant D., Hervieu J., Giger S., Ternois F., Mandran N., and Morand-Fehr P. Influence of dietary organic matter digestibility on goat nutrition and production at the ouset of lactation. Ann. Zootech. 36 (1987) 335-336
160. Schmidely Ph., and Morand-Fehr P. Effects of intravenous infusion of trans-10, cis-12 or cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on milk fat synthesis and composition in dairy goats during mid-lactation. SA. Anim. Sci. 34 Suppl. (2004) 195-197
161. Schmidely Ph., and Sauvant D. Taux butyreux et composition de la matière grasse du lait chez les petits ruminants: effets de l'apport de matières grasses ou d'aliment concentré. [Fat content and composition of small ruminant milk: effects of fat content in the concentrate]. INRA Prod. Anim. 14 (2001) 337-354
162. Schmidely Ph., Lloret Pujol M., Bas P., Rouzeau A., and Sauvant D. Influence of feed intake and source of dietary carbohydrate on milk yield and composition, nitrogen balance, and plasma constituents of lactating goats. J. Dairy Sci. 82 (1999) 747-755
163. Schmidely Ph., Bas P., Rouzeau A., and Sauvant D. Influence de l'apport de graines de soja extrudées et du niveau de production laitière sur la composition en acides gras trans et en CLA du lait de chèvre. [Influence of extruded soya-bean and the level of milk production on the fatty acids trans and CLA composition of the goat milk]. Rencontres Recherches Rumin. 9 (2002) 366A
164. Schmidely, Ph., Morand-Fehr, P., and Tessier, J., 2004. Effect of rapeseed or extruded sunflower seeds on milk performance and fatty acid composition of goat milk. In: The future of the sheep, goat dairy, sector., Proceedings Symposium, Internat, Dairy, Feder, Internat, Center Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies, (CIHEAM)., Zaragoza, Spain, 28-30, Oct., 2004.
165. Schmidely Ph., Morand-Fehr P., and Sauvant D. Influence of extruded soybeans with or without bicarbonate on milk performance and fatty acid composition of goat milk. J. Dairy Sci. 88 (2005) 757-765
166. Selner D.R., and Schultz L.H. Effects of feeding oleic acid or hydrogenated vegetable oils to lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 63 (1980) 1235-1241
167. Shingfield K.J., Reynolds C.K., Lupoli B., Toivonen V., Yurawecz M.P., Delmonte P., Griinari J.M., Grandison A.S., and Beever D.E. Effect of forage type and proportion of concentrate in the diet on milk fatty acid composition in cow given sunflower oil and fish oil. Anim. Sci. 80 (2005) 225-238
168. Sinclair L.A., Lock A.L., Perfield II J.W., Teles B.M., and Bauman D.E. The effect of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on milk fat synthesis in lactating sheep. Proc. Br. Soc. Anim. Sci. (2005) 92
169. Singh H., Kishore A., Chandra P., and Gora J.J. Feeding effect of buffers in improving potentiality of milk production in goats. Proceedings of the VI International Conference on Goats. vol. 1 (1996), International Academic Publishers, Beijing, China 338-341
170. Sklan D., Nagar L., and Arieli A. Effects of feeding different levels of fatty acids or calcium soaps of fatty acids on digestion and metabolizable energy in sheep. Anim. Prod. 50 (1990) 93-98
171. Sleiman F.T., Bayoun M.I., Uwayjan M.G., Farran M.T., Rubeiz I.G., Khalil R.F., and Ashkarian V.M. Influence of feeding calcium protected fat on goats milk production and composition. J. Anim. Sci. 76 Suppl. 1 (1998) 302 (Abstr.)
172. Storry J.E., and Rook J.A.F. The effects of a diet low in hay and high in flaked maize on milk fat secretion and on the concentration of certain constituents in the blood plasma of the cow. Br. J. Nutr. 19 (1965) 101-109
173. Storry J.E., Brumby P.E., Tuckley B., Welch V.A., Stead D., and Fulford R.J. Effect of feeding protected lipid to dairy cows in early lactation on the composition of blood lipoproteins and secretion of fatty acids in milk. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 94 (1980) 503-1516
174. Sutton J.D. Energy supply from the digestive tract. In: Swan H., and Brooster W.H. (Eds). Principles of Cattle Production (1976), Butterworths, London 121-142
175. Van Soest P.J. Interactions of feeding behaviour and forage composition. Proceedings of the IV International Conference on Goats. vol. II. Brasilia, Brazil (1997) 971-987
176. Wolf R.L. Content and distribution of trans-18:1 acids in ruminant milk and meat fats. Their importance in European diets and their effect on human milk. JAOCS 72 (1995) 259-272