Radial mass density, charge, and epitope distribution in the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule

Eukaryotic Cell

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 95-109

  Maxson, Michelle E ^a   Dadachova, Ekaterina ^a   Casadevall, Arturo ^a,b   Zaragoza, Oscar ^a,b  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE; EPITOPE; FUNGUS ANTIGEN;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL MEMBRANE; CELL AGING; CHEMISTRY; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; GAMMA RADIATION; METABOLISM; RADIATION EXPOSURE; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

ANTIGENS, FUNGAL; BACTERIAL CAPSULES; CELL AGING; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; EPITOPES; GAMMA RAYS; POLYSACCHARIDES, BACTERIAL;

FILOBASIDIELLA NEOFORMANS;

EID: 33846455470     PISSN: 15359778     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/EC.00306-06     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Abbracchio, M. P., J. D. Heck, and M. Costa. 1982. The phagocytosis and transforming activity of crystalline metal sulfide particles are related to their negative surface charge. Carcinogenesis 3:175-180.
2. Bacon, B. E., and R. Cherniak. 1995. Structure of the O-deacetylated glucuronoxylomannan from Cryptococcus neoformans serotype C as determined by 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr. Res. 276:365-386.
3. Bacon, B. E., R. Cherniak, K. J. Kwon-Chung, and E. S. Jacobson. 1996. Structure of the O-deacetylated glucuronoxylomannan from Cryptococcus neoformans Cap70 as determined by 2D NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr. Res. 283:95-110.
4. Bergman, F. 1965. Studies on capsule synthesis of Cryptococcus neoformans. Sabouraudia 4:23-31.
5. Bose, I., A. J. Reese, J. J. Ory, G. Janbon, and T. L. Doering. 2003. A yeast under cover: the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot. Cell 2:655-663.
6. Bryan, R. A., O. Zaragoza, T. Zhang, G. Ortiz, A. Casadevall, and E. Dadacbova. 2005. Radiological studies reveal radial differences in the architecture of the polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot. Cell 4:465-475.
7. Casadevall, A., J. Mukherjee, and M. D. Scharff. 1992. Monoclonal antibody based ELISAs for cryptococcal polysaccharide. J. Immunol. Methods 154: 27-35.
8. Casadevall, A., and J. R. Perfect. 1998. Cryptococcus neoformans, ASM Press, Washington, DC.
9. Casadevall, A., J. N. Steenbergen, and J. D. Nosanchuk. 2003. 'Ready made' virulence and 'dual use' virulence factors in pathogenic environmental fungi-the Cryptococcus neoformans paradigm. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 6:332-337.
10. Chang, Y. C., and K. J. Kwon-Chung. 1994. Complementation of a capsule-deficient mutation of Cryptococcus neoformans restores its virulence. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:4912-4919.
11. Charlier, C., F. Chretien, M. Baudrimont, E. Mordelet, O. Lortholary, and F. Dromer. 2005. Capsule structure changes associated with Cryptococcus neoformans crossing of the blood-brain barrier. Am. J. Pathol. 166:421-432.
12. Cherniak, R., and J. B. Sundstrom. 1994. Polysaccharide antigens of the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 62:1507-1512.
13. Cleare, W., and A. Casadevall. 1999. Scanning electron microscopy of encapsulated and non-encapsulated Cryptococcus neoformans and the effect of glucose on capsular polysaccharide release. Med. Mycol. 37:235-243.
14. Cruickshank, J. G., R. Cavill, and M. Jelbert. 1973. Cryptococcus neoformans of unusual morphology. Appl. Microbiol. 25:309-312.
15. Dadachova, E., R. A. Bryan, C. Apostolidis, A. Morgenstern, T. Zhang, T. Moadel, M. Torres, X. Huang, E. Revskaya, and A. Casadevall. 2006. Interaction of radiolabeled antibodies with fungal cells and components of immune system in vitro and during radioimmunotherapy of experimental fungal infection. J. Infect. Dis. 193:1427-1436.
16. Dembitzer, H. M., I. Buza, and F. Reiss. 1972. Biological and electron microscopic changes in gamma radiated Cryptococcus neoformans. Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 47:307-315.
17. Doering, T. L. 2000. How does Cryptococcus get its coat? Trends Microbiol. 8:547-553.
18. Dong, Z. M., and J. W. Murphy. 1995. Effects of the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans cells and culture nitrate antigens on neutrophil locomotion. Infect. Immun. 63:2632-2644.
19. D'Souza, C. A., J. A. Alspaugh, C. Yue, T. Harashima, G. M. Cox, J. R. Perfect, and J. Heitman. 2001. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase controls virulence of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:3179-3191.
20. Dubois, M., K. Gilles, J. K. Hamilton, P. A. Rebers, and F. Smith. 1951. A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars. Nature 168:167.
21. Feldmesser, M., Y. Kress, and A. Casadevall. 2001. Dynamic changes in the morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans during murine pulmonary infection. Microbiology 147:2355-2365.
22. Garcia-Hermoso, D., F. Dromer, and G. Janbon. 2004. Cryptococcus neoformans capsule structure evolution in vitro and during murine infection. Infect. Immun. 72:3359-3365.
23. Gates, M. A., P. Thorkildson, and T. R. Kozel. 2004. Molecular architecture of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule. Mol. Microbiol. 52:13-24.
24. Goldman, D. L., S. C. Lee, and A. Casadevall. 1995. Tissue localization of Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan in the presence and absence of specific antibody. Infect. Immun. 63:3448-3453.
25. Granger, D. L., J. R. Perfect, and D. T. Durack. 1985. Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Regulation of capsule synthesis by carbon dioxide. J. Clin. Investig. 76:508-516.
26. Kozel, T. R., and E. C. Gotschlich. 1982. The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans passively inhibits phagocytosis of the yeast by macrophages. J. Immunol. 129:1675-1680.
27. Kozel, T. R., W. F. Gulley, and J. Cazin, Jr. 1977. Immune response to Cryptococcus neoformans soluble polysaccharide: immunological unresponsiveness. Infect. Immun. 18:701-707.
28. Kozel, T. R., S. M. Levitz, F. Dromer, M. A. Gates, P. Thorkildson, and G. Janbon. 2003. Antigenic and biological characteristics of mutant strains of Cryptococcus neoformans lacking capsular O acetylation or xylosyl side chains. Infect. Immun. 71:2868-2875.
29. Kozel, T. R., G. S. Pfrommer, A. S. Guerlain, B. A. Highison, and G. J. Hlghison. 1988. Strain variation in phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans: dissociation of susceptibility to phagocytosis from activation and binding of opsonic fragments of C3. Infect. Immun. 56:2794-2800.
30. Kozel, T. R., A. Tabuni, B. J. Young, and S. M. Levitz. 1996. Influence of opsonization conditions on C3 deposition and phagocyte binding of large-and small-capsule Cryptococcus neoformans cells. Infect. Immun. 64:2336-2338.
31. Kwon-Chung, K. J., and J. C. Rhodes. 1986. Encapsulation and melanin formation as indicators of virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 51:218-223.
32. Lindmo, T., E. Boven, F. Cuttitta, J. Fedorko, and P. A. Bunn, Jr. 1984. Determination of the immunoreactive fraction of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies by linear extrapolation to binding at infinite antigen excess. J. Immunol. Methods 72:77-89.
33. Love, G. L., G. D. Boyd, and D. L. Greer. 1985. Large Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from brain abscess. J. Clin. Microbiol. 22:1068-1070.
34. Macher, A. M., J. E. Bennett, J. E. Gadek, and M. M. Frank. 1978. Complement depletion in cryptococcal sepsis. J. Immunol. 120:1686-1690.
35. Martinez, L. R., D. Moussai, and A. Casadevall. 2004. Antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan inhibits the release of capsular antigen. Infect. Immun. 72:3674-3679.
36. Maxson, M. E., E. Cook, A. Casadevall, and O. Zaragoza. 8 September 2006. The volume and hydration of the Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide capsule. Fungal Genet. Biol. [Epub ahead of print.] doi:10.1016/ j.fgb.2006.07.010.
37. McClelland, E. E., P. Bernhardt, and A. Casadevall. 2006. Estimating the relative contributions of virulence factors for pathogenic microbes. Infect. Immun. 74:1500-1504.
38. McFadden, D. C., and A. Casadevall. 2001. Capsule and melanin synthesis in Cryptococcus neoformans. Med. Mycol. 39(Suppl. 1):19-30.
39. McFadden, D. C., and A. Casadevall. 2004. Unexpected diversity in the fine specificity of monoclonal antibodies that use the same V region gene to glucuronoxylomannan of Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Immunol. 172:3670-3677.
40. McFadden, D. C., M. De Jesus, and A. Casadevall. 2006. The physical properties of the capsular poiysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans suggest features for capsule construction. J. Biol. Chem. 281:1868-1875.
41. McFadden, D. C., O. Zaragoza, and A. Casadevall. 2006. The capsular dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans. Trends Microbiol. 14:497-505.
42. McFadden, D. C., O. Zaragoza, and A. Casadevall. 2004. Immunoreactiviry of cryptococcal antigen is not stable under prolonged incubations in human serum. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:2786-2788.
43. Mitchell, T. G., and L. Friedman. 1972. In vitro phagocytosis and intracellular fate of variously encapsulated strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 5:491-498.
44. Morelli, R., S. Russo-Volpe, N. Bruno, and R. Lo Scalzo. 2003. Fenton-dependent damage to carbohydrates: free radicals scavenging activity of some simple sugars. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 51:7418-7425.
45. Moyrand, F., B. Klaproth, U. Himmelreich, F. Dromer, and G. Janbon. 2002. Isolation and characterization of capsule structure mutant strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol. Microbiol. 45:837-849.
46. Mukherjee, J., A. Casadevall, and M. D. Scharff. 1993. Molecular characterization of the humoral responses to Cryptococcus neoformans infection and glucuronoxylomannan-tetanus toxoid conjugate immunization. J. Exp. Med. 177:1105-1116.
47. Murphy, J. W., and G. C. Cozad. 1972. Immunological unresponsiveness induced by cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide assayed by the hemolytic plaque technique. Infect. Immun. 5:896-901.
48. Nosanchuk, J. D., and A. Casadevall. 1997. Cellular charge of Cryptococcus neoformans: contributions from the capsular polysaccharide, melanin, and monoclonal antibody binding. Infect. Immun. 65:1836-1841.
49. Perfect, J. R., S. D. R. Lang, and D. T. Durack. 1980. Chronic cryptococcal meningitis: a new experimental model in rabbits. Am. J. Pathol. 101:177-194.
50. Pierini, L. M., and T. L. Doering. 2001. Spatial and temporal sequence of capsule construction in Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol. Microbiol. 41:105-115.
51. Reese, A. J., and T. L. Doering. 2003. Cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan is required to anchor the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule. Mol. Microbiol. 50:1401-1409.
52. Reiss, E., M. Huppert, and R. Cherniak. 1985. Characterization of protein and mannan polysaccharide antigens of yeasts, moulds, and actinomycetes. Curr. Top. Med. Mycol. 1:172-207.
53. Retini, C., A. Vecchiarelli, C. Monari, F. Bistoni, and T. R. Kozel. 1998. Encapsulation of Cryptococcus neoformans with glucuronoxylomannan inhibits the antigen-presenting capacity of monocytes. Infect. Immun. 66:664-669.
54. Richmond, D. V., and D. J. Fisher. 1973. The electrophoretic mobility of micro-organisms. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 9:1-29.
55. Rivera, J., M. Feldmesser, M. Cammer, and A. Casadevall. 1998. Organ-dependent variation of capsule thickness in Cryptococcus neoformans during experimental murine infection. Infect. Immun. 66:5027-5030.
56. Scatchard, G. 1949. The attraction of proteins for small molecules and ions. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 51:660-672.
57. Sharpatyi, V. A. 1999. Radiochemistry of polysaccharides. Radiat. Biol. Radioecol. 39:156-161.
58. 13C-enriched O-deacetylated glucuronoxylomannan of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A determined by NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr. Res. 301:33-40.
59. Tabata, Y., and Y. Ikada. 1988. Effect of the size and surface charge of polymer microspheres on their phagocytosis by macrophage. Biomaterials 9:356-362.
60. 13C NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr. Res. 233:205-218.
61. Vartivarian, S. E., E. J. Anaissie, R. E. Cowart, H. A. Sprigg, M. J. Tingler, and E. S. Jacobson. 1993. Regulation of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide by iron. J. Infect. Dis. 167:186-190.
62. Vecchiarelli, A. 2005. The cellular responses induced by the capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans differ depending on the presence or absence of specific protective antibodies. Curr. Mol. Med. 5:413-420.
63. Vecchiarelli, A., C. Retini, C. Monari, C. Tascini, F. Bistoni, and T. R. Kozel. 1996. Purified capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans induces interleukin-10 secretion by human monocytes. Infect. Immun. 64:2846-2849.
64. Wilkinson, J. F. 1958. The extracellular polysaccharides of bacteria. Bacteriol. Rev. 22:46-73.
65. York, W. S., A. G. Darvill, M. McNeil, T. T. Stevenson, and P. Albersheim. 1986. Isolation and characterization of plant cell walls and cell wall components. Methods Enzymol. 118:3-40.
66. Zaragoza, O., and A. Casadevall. 2004. Experimental modulation of capsule size in Cryptococcus neoformans. Biol. Proced. Online 6:10-15.
67. Zaragoza, O., and A. Casadevall. 2006. Monoclonal antibodies can affect complement deposition on the capsule of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans by both classical pathway activation and steric hindrance. Cell. Microbiol. 8:1862-1876.
68. 2. Infect. Immun. 71:6155-6164.
69. Zaragoza, O., E. E. McClelland, A. Telzak, and A. Casadevall. 2006. Equatorial ring-like channels in the Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide capsule. FEMS Yeast Res. 6:662-666.
70. Zaragoza, O., C. P. Taborda, and A. Casadevall. 2003. The efficacy of complement-mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans is dependent on the location of C3 in the polysaccharide capsule and involves both direct and indirect C3-mediated interactions. Eur. J. Immnunol. 33:1957-1967.
71. Zaragoza, O., A. Telzak, R. A. Bryan, E. Dadachova, and A. Casadevall. 2006. The polysaccharide capsule of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans enlarges by distal growth and is rearranged during budding. Mol. Microbiol. 59:67-83.