메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 332-337

'Ready made' virulence and 'dual use' virulence factors in pathogenic environmental fungi - The Cryptococcus neoformans paradigm

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

VIRULENCE FACTOR;

EID: 0043197395     PISSN: 13695274     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1369-5274(03)00082-1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (170)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 0035425835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-pathogen interactions: The attributes of virulence
    • Casadevall A, Pirofski L: Host-pathogen interactions: the attributes of virulence. J Infect Dis 2001, 184:337-344.
    • (2001) J Infect Dis , vol.184 , pp. 337-344
    • Casadevall, A.1    Pirofski, L.2
  • 5
    • 0032825567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies reactive with the cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan are present in sera from children with and without HIV infection
    • Abadi J, Pirofski L: Antibodies reactive with the cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan are present in sera from children with and without HIV infection. J Infect Dis 1999, 180:915-919.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.180 , pp. 915-919
    • Abadi, J.1    Pirofski, L.2
  • 6
    • 0033931999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular pathogen in murine pulmonary infection
    • Feldmesser M, Kress Y, Novikoff P, Casadevall A: Cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular pathogen in murine pulmonary infection. Infect Immun 2000, 68:4225-4237.
    • (2000) Infect Immun , vol.68 , pp. 4225-4237
    • Feldmesser, M.1    Kress, Y.2    Novikoff, P.3    Casadevall, A.4
  • 7
    • 0037022671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in macrophages is accompanied by phagosomal permeabilization and accumulation of vesicles containing polysaccharide in the cytoplasm
    • Tucker SC, Casadevall A: Replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in macrophages is accompanied by phagosomal permeabilization and accumulation of vesicles containing polysaccharide in the cytoplasm. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002, 99:3165-3170.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 3165-3170
    • Tucker, S.C.1    Casadevall, A.2
  • 8
    • 0033971042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent Cryptococcus neoformans infection in the rat is associated with intracellular parasitism, decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and altered antibody responsiveness
    • Goldman DL, Lee SC, Mednic AJ, Montell L, Casadevall A: Persistent Cryptococcus neoformans infection in the rat is associated with intracellular parasitism, decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and altered antibody responsiveness. Infect Immun 2000, 68:832-838.
    • (2000) Infect Immun , vol.68 , pp. 832-838
    • Goldman, D.L.1    Lee, S.C.2    Mednic, A.J.3    Montell, L.4    Casadevall, A.5
  • 9
    • 0034547862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From protozoa to mammalian cells: A new paradigm in the life cycle of intracellular bacterial pathogens
    • Harb OS, Gao LY, Abu Kwaik Y: From protozoa to mammalian cells: a new paradigm in the life cycle of intracellular bacterial pathogens. Environ Microbiol 2000, 2:251-265.
    • (2000) Environ Microbiol , vol.2 , pp. 251-265
    • Harb, O.S.1    Gao, L.Y.2    Abu Kwaik, Y.3
  • 10
    • 84907124026 scopus 로고
    • Control of Cryptococcus neoformans in nature by biotic factors
    • Ruiz A, Neilson JB, Bulmer GS: Control of Cryptococcus neoformans in nature by biotic factors. Sabouraudia 1982, 20:21-29.
    • (1982) Sabouraudia , vol.20 , pp. 21-29
    • Ruiz, A.1    Neilson, J.B.2    Bulmer, G.S.3
  • 11
    • 0018725667 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans: Gastronomic delight of a soil ameba
    • Bunting LA, Neilson JB, Bulmer GS: Cryptococcus neoformans: gastronomic delight of a soil ameba. Sabouraudia 1979, 17:225-232.
    • (1979) Sabouraudia , vol.17 , pp. 225-232
    • Bunting, L.A.1    Neilson, J.B.2    Bulmer, G.S.3
  • 12
    • 0035909926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic strategy in macrophages
    • Steenbergen JN, Shuman HA, Casadevall A: Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic strategy in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 18:15245-15250.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.18 , pp. 15245-15250
    • Steenbergen, J.N.1    Shuman, H.A.2    Casadevall, A.3
  • 13
    • 0037180512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis
    • Mylonakis E, Ausubel FM, Perfect JR, Heitman J, Calderwood SB: Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002, 99:15675-15680. This paper reports that nematodes ingest C. neoformans and that virulence factors identified for mammalian infection are also important for nematode infection. The study identifies nematodes as another environmental predator that may be involved in the origin and maintenance of C. neoformans virulence.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 15675-15680
    • Mylonakis, E.1    Ausubel, F.M.2    Perfect, J.R.3    Heitman, J.4    Calderwood, S.B.5
  • 14
    • 0041633420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans virulence is enhanced by intracellular growth in Dictyostelium discoideum
    • Salt Lake City 2002. ASM Press
    • Steenbergen JN, Nosanchuk JD, Casadevall A: Cryptococcus neoformans virulence is enhanced by intracellular growth in Dictyostelium discoideum. ASM 2002 General Meeting, Salt Lake City 2002. ASM Press; 2002.
    • (2002) ASM 2002 General Meeting
    • Steenbergen, J.N.1    Nosanchuk, J.D.2    Casadevall, A.3
  • 15
    • 0032851212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that Cryptococcus neoformans is melanized in pigeon excreta: Implications for pathogenesis
    • Nosanchuk JD, Rudolf J, Rosas AL, Casadevall A: Evidence that Cryptococcus neoformans is melanized in pigeon excreta: implications for pathogenesis. Infect Immun 1999, 67:5477-5479.
    • (1999) Infect Immun , vol.67 , pp. 5477-5479
    • Nosanchuk, J.D.1    Rudolf, J.2    Rosas, A.L.3    Casadevall, A.4
  • 16
    • 0015911721 scopus 로고
    • On the mechanism of adaptation of micro-organisms to conditions of extreme low humidity
    • Aksenov SI, Babyeva IP, Golubev VI: On the mechanism of adaptation of micro-organisms to conditions of extreme low humidity. Life Sci Space Res 1973, 11:55-61.
    • (1973) Life Sci Space Res , vol.11 , pp. 55-61
    • Aksenov, S.I.1    Babyeva, I.P.2    Golubev, V.I.3
  • 17
    • 0028071366 scopus 로고
    • Decreased susceptibility of melanized Cryptococcus neoformans to UV light
    • Wang Y, Casadevall A: Decreased susceptibility of melanized Cryptococcus neoformans to UV light. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994, 60:3864-3866.
    • (1994) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.60 , pp. 3864-3866
    • Wang, Y.1    Casadevall, A.2
  • 18
    • 0030832492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanization affects susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to heat and cold
    • Rosas AL, Casadevall A: Melanization affects susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to heat and cold. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997, 153:265-272.
    • (1997) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.153 , pp. 265-272
    • Rosas, A.L.1    Casadevall, A.2
  • 19
    • 0034870963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanization of Cryptococcus neoformans reduces its susceptibility to the antimicrobial effects of silver nitrate
    • Garcia-Rivera J, Casadevall A: Melanization of Cryptococcus neoformans reduces its susceptibility to the antimicrobial effects of silver nitrate. Med Mycol 2001, 39:353-357.
    • (2001) Med Mycol , vol.39 , pp. 353-357
    • Garcia-Rivera, J.1    Casadevall, A.2
  • 20
    • 0032796921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanin as a potential cryptococcal defense against microbiocidal proteins
    • Doering TL, Nosanchuk JD, Roberts WK, Casadevall A: Melanin as a potential cryptococcal defense against microbiocidal proteins. Med Mycol 1999, 37:175-181.
    • (1999) Med Mycol , vol.37 , pp. 175-181
    • Doering, T.L.1    Nosanchuk, J.D.2    Roberts, W.K.3    Casadevall, A.4
  • 21
    • 0033783106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenic roles for fungal melanins
    • Jacobson ES: Pathogenic roles for fungal melanins. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000, 13:708-717.
    • (2000) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.13 , pp. 708-717
    • Jacobson, E.S.1
  • 24
    • 0034444550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-pathogen interactions: The basic concepts of microbial commensalism, colonization, infection, and disease
    • Casadevall A, Pirofski L: Host-pathogen interactions: the basic concepts of microbial commensalism, colonization, infection, and disease. Infect Immun 2000, 68:6511-6518.
    • (2000) Infect Immun , vol.68 , pp. 6511-6518
    • Casadevall, A.1    Pirofski, L.2
  • 25
    • 85031067136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Ph.D Thesis]. Bronx, New York: Albert Einstein College of Medicine
    • Steenbergen JN: The evolution of fungal virulence [Ph.D Thesis]. Bronx, New York: Albert Einstein College of Medicine: 2003.
    • (2003) The Evolution of Fungal Virulence
    • Steenbergen, J.N.1
  • 26
    • 0036205837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laccase and melanization in clinically important Cryptococcus species other than Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Ikeda R, Sugita T, Jacobson ES, Shinoda T: Laccase and melanization in clinically important Cryptococcus species other than Cryptococcus neoformans. J Clin Microbiol 2003, 40:1214-1218.
    • (2003) J Clin Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 1214-1218
    • Ikeda, R.1    Sugita, T.2    Jacobson, E.S.3    Shinoda, T.4
  • 27
    • 0034873884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of heterobasidiomycetous yeasts for the presence of the genes homologous to virulence factors of Filobasidiella neoformans, CNLAC1 and CAP59
    • Petter R, Kang BS, Boekhout T, Davis BJ, Kwon-Chung KJ: A survey of heterobasidiomycetous yeasts for the presence of the genes homologous to virulence factors of Filobasidiella neoformans, CNLAC1 and CAP59. Microbiology 2001, 147:2029-2036.
    • (2001) Microbiology , vol.147 , pp. 2029-2036
    • Petter, R.1    Kang, B.S.2    Boekhout, T.3    Davis, B.J.4    Kwon-Chung, K.J.5
  • 29
    • 0034521326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulation by capsular components of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Vecchiarelli A: Immunoregulation by capsular components of Cryptococcus neoformans. Med Mycol 2000, 38:407-417.
    • (2000) Med Mycol , vol.38 , pp. 407-417
    • Vecchiarelli, A.1
  • 31
    • 0032755657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laccase protects Cryptococcus neoformans from antifungal activity of alveolar macrophages
    • Liu L, Tewari RP, Williamson PR: Laccase protects Cryptococcus neoformans from antifungal activity of alveolar macrophages. Infect Immun 1999, 67:6034-6039.
    • (1999) Infect Immun , vol.67 , pp. 6034-6039
    • Liu, L.1    Tewari, R.P.2    Williamson, P.R.3
  • 32
    • 0029131284 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans melanin and virulence: Mechanism of action
    • Wang Y, Aisen P, Casadevall A: Cryptococcus neoformans melanin and virulence: mechanism of action. Infect Immun 1995, 63:3131-3136.
    • (1995) Infect Immun , vol.63 , pp. 3131-3136
    • Wang, Y.1    Aisen, P.2    Casadevall, A.3
  • 33
    • 0034863071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanin decreases the susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to enzymatic degradation
    • Rosas AL, Casadevall A: Melanin decreases the susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to enzymatic degradation. Mycopathologia 2001, 151:53-56.
    • (2001) Mycopathologia , vol.151 , pp. 53-56
    • Rosas, A.L.1    Casadevall, A.2
  • 34
    • 0029128980 scopus 로고
    • Down-regulation of the afferent phase of T-cell-mediated pulmonary inflammation and immunity by a high melanin-producing strain of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Huffnagle GB, Chen G-H, Curtis JL, McDonald RA, Strieter RM, Toews GB: Down-regulation of the afferent phase of T-cell-mediated pulmonary inflammation and immunity by a high melanin-producing strain of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Immunol 1995, 155:3507-3516.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 3507-3516
    • Huffnagle, G.B.1    Chen, G.-H.2    Curtis, J.L.3    McDonald, R.A.4    Strieter, R.M.5    Toews, G.B.6
  • 35
    • 0036840642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanization affects the susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum to amphotericin B and caspofungin
    • Van Duin D, Casadevall A, Nosanchuk JD: Melanization affects the susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum to amphotericin B and caspofungin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002, 46:3394-3400.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 3394-3400
    • Van Duin, D.1    Casadevall, A.2    Nosanchuk, J.D.3
  • 36
    • 0033958143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential role of phospholipases in virulence and fungal pathogenesis
    • Ghannoum MA: Potential role of phospholipases in virulence and fungal pathogenesis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000, 13:122-143.
    • (2000) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.13 , pp. 122-143
    • Ghannoum, M.A.1
  • 38
    • 0029793565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular proteinase activity of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Chen L-C, Blank E, Casadevall A: Extracellular proteinase activity of Cryptococcus neoformans. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1996, 3:570-574.
    • (1996) Clin Diagn Lab Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 570-574
    • Chen, L.-C.1    Blank, E.2    Casadevall, A.3
  • 39
    • 0032978224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variants of a Cryptococcus neoformans strain elicit different inflammatory responses in mice
    • Chen L-C, Casadevall A: Variants of a Cryptococcus neoformans strain elicit different inflammatory responses in mice. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1999, 6:266-268.
    • (1999) Clin Diagn Lab Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 266-268
    • Chen, L.-C.1    Casadevall, A.2
  • 41
    • 0035210645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic switching of Cryptococcus neoformans occurs in vivo and influences the outcome of infection
    • Fries BC, Taborda CP, Serfass E, Casadevall A: Phenotypic switching of Cryptococcus neoformans occurs in vivo and influences the outcome of infection. J Clin Invest 2001, 108:1639-1648.
    • (2001) J Clin Invest , vol.108 , pp. 1639-1648
    • Fries, B.C.1    Taborda, C.P.2    Serfass, E.3    Casadevall, A.4
  • 42
    • 0032425208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic switching in the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is associated with changes in virulence and pulmonary inflammatory response in rodents
    • Goldman DL, Fries BC, Franzot SP, Montella L, Casadevall A: Phenotypic switching in the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is associated with changes in virulence and pulmonary inflammatory response in rodents. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998, 95:14967-14972.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 14967-14972
    • Goldman, D.L.1    Fries, B.C.2    Franzot, S.P.3    Montella, L.4    Casadevall, A.5
  • 43
    • 0036801884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mating type and morphology in Cryptococcus neoformans pathogenesis
    • Wickes BL: The role of mating type and morphology in Cryptococcus neoformans pathogenesis. Int J Med Microbiol 2002, 292:1-17.
    • (2002) Int J Med Microbiol , vol.292 , pp. 1-17
    • Wickes, B.L.1
  • 44
    • 0035282771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcineurin is required for hyphal elongation during mating and haploid fruiting in Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Cruz MC, Fox DS, Heitman J: Calcineurin is required for hyphal elongation during mating and haploid fruiting in Cryptococcus neoformans. EMBO J 2001, 20:1020-1032.
    • (2001) EMBO J , vol.20 , pp. 1020-1032
    • Cruz, M.C.1    Fox, D.S.2    Heitman, J.3
  • 45
    • 0035009918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conserved cAMP signaling cascades regulate fungal development and virulence
    • D'Souza CA, Heitman J: Conserved cAMP signaling cascades regulate fungal development and virulence. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2001, 25:349-364.
    • (2001) FEMS Microbiol Rev , vol.25 , pp. 349-364
    • D'Souza, C.A.1    Heitman, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.