The weathering of sedimentary organic matter as a control on atmospheric O2: II. Theoretical modeling

American Journal of Science

Volumn 306, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 575-615

  Bolton, Edward W ^a   Berner, Robert A ^a   Petsch, Steven T ^b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRAWDOWN; EROSION RATE; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ORGANIC MATTER; OXIDATION; OXYGEN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHANEROZOIC; POROSITY; PYRITE; REACTION RATE; SOIL WATER; TORTUOSITY; WEATHERING PROFILE;

KENTUCKY; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 33846103695     PISSN: 00029599     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2475/08.2006.01     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. 2: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 15, n. 4, p.871-880.
2. Archie, G. E., 1942, The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics: Transactions of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers (AIME), v. 146, p. 54-62.
3. Arvidson, R. S., Mackenzie, F. T., and Guidry, M., 2006, MAGic: A Phanerozoic model for the geochemical cycling of major rock-forming components: American Journal of Science, v. 306, p. 135-190.
4. Bartelt-Hunt, S. L., and Smith, J. A., 2002, Measurement of effective air diffusion coefficients for trichloroethene in undisturbed soil cores: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 56, p. 193-208.
5. Bear, J., 1972, Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media: New York, American Elsevier, 764 p.
6. Bergman, N. M., Lenton, T. M., and Watson, A. J., 2004, COPSE: A new model of biogeochemical cycling over Phanerozoic time: American Journal of Science, v. 304, p. 397-437.
7. Berner, E. K., and Berner, R. A., 1996, Global Environment: Water, Air, and Geochemical Cycles: New York, Prentice Hall, 376 p.
8. Berner, R. A., 1980, Early Diagenesis, A Theoretical Approach: Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 241 p.
9. Berner, R. A., 1982, Burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur in the modern ocean; its environmental and geochemical significance: American Journal of Science, v. 282, p. 451-473.
10. 2: New York, Oxford University Press, 150 p.
11. 2: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70, p. 5653-5664, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.032.
12. Berner, R. A., Beerling, D. J., Dudley, R., Robinson, J. M., and Wildman, R. A., 2003, Phanerozoic atmospheric oxygen: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 31, p. 105-134.
13. Blair, N. E., Leithold, E. L., Ford, S. T., Peeler, K. A., Holmes, J. C., and Perkey, D. W., 2003, The persistence of memory: The fate of ancient sedimentary organic carbon in a modern sedimentary system: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, p. 63-73.
14. Blair, N. E., Leithold, E. L., and Aller, R. C., 2004, From bedrock to burial: the evolution of particulate organic carbon across coupled watershed-continental margin systems: Marine Chemistry, v. 92, p.141-156, doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.023.
15. Boudreau, B. P., 1997, Diagenetic Models and Their Implementation: New York, Springer, 414 p.
16. Boudreau, B. P., and Meysman, F. J. R., 2006, Predicted tortuosity of muds: Geology, v. 34, p. 693-696, doi: 10.1130/G22771.1.
17. Broecker, W. S., 1970, A boundary condition on evolution of atmospheric oxygen: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 75, n. 18, 3553-3557.
18. Chang, S., ms, 1997, Coal weathering and the geochemical carbon cycle: New Haven, Connecticut, Ph.D. Dissertation, Yale University, 102 p.
19. Chang, S., and Berner, R. A., 1998, Humic substance formation via the oxidative weathering of coal: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, p. 2883-2886.
20. Chang, S., and Berner, R. A., 1999, Coal weathering and the geochemical carbon cycle: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, p.3301-3310.
21. ClayLon, J. L., and Swetland, P.J., 1978, Subaerial weathering of sedimentary organic matter: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 42, p. 305-312.
22. Cornell, D., and Katz, D. L., 1953, Flow of gases through consolidated porous media: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, v. 45, n. 10, p. 2145-2152.
23. Daniels, W. L., Stewart, B., and Dove, D., 1996, Powell River Project, Reclamation Guidelines for Surface-Mined Land in Southwest Virginia, Reclamation of Coal Refuse Disposal Areas: Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Publication Number 460-131.
24. Dickens, A. F., Gelinas, Y., Masiello, C. A., Wakeham, S., and Hedges, J. I., 2004, Reburial of fossil organic carbon in marine sediments: Nature, v. 427, p. 336-339.
25. Dickens, A. F., Baldock, J. A., Smernik, R. J., Wakeham, S. G., Arnarson, T. S., Gelinas, Y., and Hedges, J. I., 2006, Solid-state C-13 NMR analysis of size and density fractions of marine sediments: Insight into organic carbon sources and preservation mechanisms: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 7, n. 3, p. 666-686.
26. Ebelmen, J. J., 1845, Sur les produits de la decomposition des especes minerales de la famille des silicates: Annales des Mines, v. 7, p. 3-66.
27. Ekart, D. D., Cerling, T. E., Montañez, I. P., and Tabor, N. J., 1999, A 400 million year carbon isotope record of pedogenic carbonate: Implications for paleoatmospheric carbon dioxide: American Journal of Science, v. 299, p. 805-827.
28. Garrels, R. M., and Perry, E. A., 1974, Cycling of carbon, sulfur and oxygen through geologic time, in Goldberd, E. D., editor, The Sea - Ideas and Observations on Progress in the Study of the Seas: New York, Wiley, Marine Chemistry, v. 5, p. 303-16.
29. Gear, C. W., 1971, Numerical Initial Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 253 p.
30. Gevantman, L. H., 2006, Solubility of Selected Gases in Water, in Lide, D. R., editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th edition, Internet Version 2006, http://www.hbcpnetbase.com: Boca Raton, Florida, Taylor and Francis, online data.
31. Gleisner, M., Herbert, R. B., and Frogner, P. C., 2004, Microbial pyrite oxidation at various oxygen partial pressures: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, n. 11, Supplement 1, June 2004, p. A146-A146.
32. Goñi, M. A., Yunker, M. B., Macdonald, R. W., and Eglinton, T. I., 2005, The supply and preservation of ancient and modern components of organic carbon in the Canadian Beaufort Shelf of the Arctic Ocean: Marine Chemistry, v. 93, n. 1, p. 53-73.
33. Grathwohl, P., 1998, Diffusion in Natural Porous Media: Contaminant Transport, Sorption/Desorption and dissolution Kinetics: Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 207 p.
34. Hedges, J, I., and Keil, R. G., 1995, Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis: Marine Chemistry, v. 49, p. 81-115.
35. Holland, H. D., 1978, The Chemistry of the Atmosphere and Oceans: New York, Wiley, 351 p.
36. Holland, H. D., 1984, The Chemistry of the Atmosphere and Oceans: New York, Wiley, 582 p.
37. Holland, H. D., 2003, Discussion of the article by A. C. Lasaga and H. Ohmoto on "The oxygen geochemical cycle: Dynamics and stability, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 361-381, 2002": Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, n. 4, 787-789.
38. Hu, Q., and Feng, S., 2003, A daily soil temperature dataset and soil temperature climatology of the contiguous United States: Journal of Applied Meteorology, v. 42, p. 1139-1156.
39. Jerz, J. K., and Rimstidt, J. D., 2004, Pyrite oxidation in moist air: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, p. 701-714.
40. Kao, S. J., and Liu, K. K., 1996, Particulate organic carbon export from a subtropical mountainous river (Lanyang Hsi) in Taiwan: Limnology and Oceanography v. 41, n. 8, p. 1749-1757.
41. Kennedy, M., Droser, M., Mayer, L. M., Pevear, D., and Mrofka, D., 2006, Late Precambrian oxygenation; Inception of the clay mineral factory: Science, v. 311, n. 5766, p. 1446-1449.
42. Kennedy, M. J., Pevear, D. R., and Hill, R. J., 2002, Mineral surface control of organic carbon in black shale: Science, v. 295, p. 657-660.
43. Komada, T., Druffel, E. R. M., and Trumbore, S. E., 2004, Oceanic export of relict carbon by small mountainous rivers: Geophysical Research Letters v. 31, no. 7, Art. No. L07504 APR 15 2004.
44. 13C signatures of organic compound classes: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 19, n. 2., Art. No. GB2017, doi:10.1029/2004GB002347.
45. Lasaga, A. C., and Ohmoto, H., 2002, The oxygen geochemical cycle: Dynamics and stability: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 66, p. 361-381.
46. Leithold, E. L., and Blair, N. E., 2001, Watershed control on the carbon loading of marine sedimentary particles: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta v. 65, n. 14, p. 2231-2240.
47. Leithold, E. L., Perkey, D. W., Blair, N. E., and Creamer, T. N., 2005, Sedimentation and carbon burial on the northern California continental shelf: the signatures of land-use change: Continental Shelf Research, v. 25, p. 349-371.
48. Leythäuser, D., 1973, Effects of weathering on organic matter in shales: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 37, p. 120-133.
49. Martini, A. M., Walter, L. M., Budai, T. C. W., Ku, M., and Schoell, M., 2003, Microbial production and modification of gases in sedimentary basins: A geochemical case study from a Devonian shale gas play, Michigan Basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 87, p. 1355-1375.
50. Masiello, C. A., and Druffel, E. R. M., 2001, Carbon isotope geochemistry of the Santa Clara River: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 15, p. 407-416.
51. Mayer, L. M., 1994, Relationships between mineral surfaces and organic-carbon concentrations in soils and sediments: Chemical Geology, v. 114, n. 3-4, p. 347-363.
52. Mayer, L. M., 1999, Extent of coverage of mineral surfaces by organic matter in marine sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, p. 207-215.
53. Mayer, L., Benninger, L., Bock, M., DeMaster, D., Roberts, Q, and Martens, C., 2002, Mineral associations and nutritional quality of organic matter in shelf and upper slope sediments off Cape Hatteras, USA: a case of unusually high loadings: Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 49, n. 20, p. 4587-4597.
54. Mbonimpa, M., Aubertin, M., Aachib, M., and Bussière, B., 2003, Diffusion and consumption of oxygen in unsaturated cover materials: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 40, p. 916-932.
55. McKibben, M. A., and Barnes, H. L., 1986, Oxidation of pyrite in low temperature acidic solutions: Rate laws and surface textures: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, p. 1509-1520.
56. Moldrup, P., Olesen, T., Gamst, J., Schjønning, P., Yamaguchi, T., and Rolston, D. E., 2000, Predicting the gas diffusion coefficient in repacked soil: Water-induced linear reduction model: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 64, p. 1588-1594.
57. Moldrup, P., Olesen, T., Komatsu, T., Yoshikawa, S., Schjønning, P., and Rolston, D. E., 2003a, Modeling diffusion and reaction in soils: X. A unifying model for solute and gas diffusivity in unsaturated soil: Soil Science, v. 168, p. 321-337.
58. Moldrup, P., Yoshikawa, S., Olesen, T., Komatsu, T., and Rolston, D. E., 2003b, Gas diffirsivity in undisturbed volcanic ash soils: Test of soil-water-characteristic-based prediction models: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 67, p. 41-51.
59. Nicholson, R. V., Gillham, R. W., and Reardon, E. J., 1988, Pyrite oxidation in carbonate-buffered solution: 1. Experimental kinetics: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, p. 1077-1085.
60. Ohmoto, H., 2003, Reply to comments by H. D. Holland on "The oxygen geochemical cycle: Dynamics and stability, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 66, p. 361-381, 2002", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, n. 4, p. 791-795.
61. Pape, H., and Clauser, C., 1998, Permeability prediction for reservoir sandstones and basement rocks based on fractal pore space geometry: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts - 1998, p. 1032-1035, doi: 10.1190/ 1.1820060.
62. Pape, H., Riepe, L., and Schopper, J. R., 1987, Theory of self-similar network structures in sedimentary and igneous rocks and their investigation with microscopical and physical methods: Journal of Microscopy, v. 148, Pt. 2, November, 1987, p. 121-147.
63. Petsch, S. T., ms, 2000, A study on the weathering of organic matter in black shales and implications for the geochemical cycles of carbon and oxygen: New Haven, Connecticut, Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, 273 p.
64. Petsch, S. T., Berner, R. A., Eglinton, T. I., 2000, A field study of the chemical weathering of ancient sedimentary organic matter: Organic Geochemistry, v. 31, p. 475-487.
65. 14C-dead living biomass: Evidence for microbial assimilation of ancient organic matter during shale weathering: Science, v. 292, p. 1127-1131.
66. 13C-NMR study of kerogen degradation during black shale weathering: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, p. 1867-1882.
67. Press, W. H., Flannery, B. P., Teukolsky, S. A., and Vetterling, W. T., 1986, Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing: New York, Cambridge University Press, 818 p.
68. Raiswell, R., and Berner, R. A., 1986, Pyrite and organic matter in Phanerozoic normal marine shales: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, p. 1967-1976.
69. Raymond, P. A., and Bauer, J. E., 2001a, Riverine export of aged terrestrial organic matter to the North Atlantic Ocean: Nature, v. 409, n. 6819, p. 497-500.
70. Raymond, P. A., and Bauer, J. E., 2001b, Use of C-14 and C-13 natural abundances for evaluating riverine, estuarine, and coastal DOC and POC sources and cycling: a review and synthesis: Organic Geochemistry, v. 32, n. 4, p. 469-485.
71. 5 Pascals) pressure and at higher temperatures: Washington, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1452, 456 p.
72. Sallam, A., Jury, W. A. and Letey, J., 1984, Measurement of gas diffusion coefficient under relatively low air-filled porosity: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 48, p. 3-6.
73. Scanlon, B. R., Nicot, J. P., and Massmann, J. W., 2002, Soil gas movement in unsaturated systems, in Warwick, A. W., editor, Soil Physics Companion: Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press LLC, p. 297-341, 389 p.
74. Shimamura, K, 1992, Gas diffusion through compacted sands: Soil Science, v. 153, p. 274-279.
75. Smith, E. E., and Shumate, K. S., 1970, Sulfide to sulfate reaction mechanism: A study of the sulfide to sulfate reaction mechanisms as it relates to the formation of acid mine waters: Columbus, Ohio, Ohio State University Research Foundation, report for grant no. 14010 FPS for the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Research study #14010-FPS-02/70: Washington D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, Water Control Polution Series, 1970 O-384-187.
76. Troeh, F. R., Jabro, J. D., and Kirkham, D., 1982, Gaseous diffusion equations for porous materials: Geoderma, v. 27, p. 239-253.
77. van Genuchten, M. Th., and Sudicky, E. A., 1999, Recent advances in vadose zone flow and transport modeling, in Parlange, M. B., and Hopmans, J. W., editors, Vadose Zone Hydrology: Cutting Across Disciplines: New York, Oxford University Press, 454 p.
78. Washburn, E. W., editor, 2003, International Critical Tables of Numerical Data, Physics, Chemistry and Technology: First Electronic Edition: prepared under the auspices of the International Research Council and the National Academy of Sciences by the National Research Council of the United States of America: Norwich, New York, Knovel online book.
79. 2: I. Analysis of a Black Shale: American Journal of Science, v. 304, p. 234-249.
80. Williamson, M. A., and Rimstidt, J. D., 1994, The kinetics and electrochemical rate-determining step of aqueous pyrite oxidation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, p. 5443-5454.